Seindasitiri huru yehupfumi hwenyika, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura ine hukama hwakasimba nekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika uye shanduko yemagadzirirwo emaindasitiri. Parizvino, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina iri kushanda zvakatsiga, nekuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi emvura, kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, kuwedzera kwekudyara kwemagetsi emvura, uye kudzikira kwekukura kwemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura. Nekushandiswa kwemutemo wenyika wekuti "kuchengetedza simba nekuderedza kusvibiswa", kutsiva simba nekuderedzwa kwekusvibiswa kwave sarudzo inoshanda yeChina, uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kwave sarudzo yekutanga yesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa.
Kugadzira magetsi achishandisa mvura inyanzvi yesainzi netekinoroji inodzidza nyaya dzehunyanzvi nehupfumi dzakadai sekuvaka kweinjiniya, kugadzirwa uye mashandiro ekushandura magetsi achishandisa mvura kuita magetsi. Simba remvura rinoshandiswa nemagetsi rinoshandiswa nemagetsi rinonyanya kukosha simba rinogona kuchengetwa mumvura. Kuti magetsi emvura ashandurwe kuita magetsi, mhando dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinofanira kuvakwa.
Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kunosanganisira kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, uyezve kushanda kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura. Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura yepakati ichabatanidza magetsi neindasitiri yegrid yemagetsi iri pasi kuti iwane mukana wekuwana online. Kuvakwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura kunosanganisira kuronga kwekutanga kwekutaurirana kweinjiniya, kutenga michina yakasiyana-siyana yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura uye kuvaka kwekupedzisira. Kuumbwa kwemaindasitiri ari pakati nepazasi kuri nyore uye kwakasimba.
Nekufambira mberi kwekukura kwehupfumi hweChina, kugadziriswa kwezvekugovera uye kugadziriswa kwehupfumi, kuchengetedza simba, kuderedza utsi hwemhepo uye kukura kwezvakatipoteredza kwave chinhu chinowirirana nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi. Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura inokosheswa zvikuru nehurumende pamatanho ese uye inotsigirwa nemitemo yenyika yeindasitiri. Hurumende yakaburitsa mitemo yakati wandei yekutsigira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura. Mitemo yemaindasitiri yakaita sePurogiramu Yekugadzirisa Dambudziko Rekusiyiwa Kwemvura, Kusiyiwa Kwemhepo uye Kusiyiwa Kwechiedza, Chiziviso Chekugadzwa neKuvandudza Nzira Yekuchengetedza Yekushandisa Simba Rinodzokororwa, uye Purogiramu Yekushanda Kwebasa reHurumende reMinistry of Water Resources muna 2021 inopa mukana wakakura wekusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi emvura uye nzvimbo yakanaka yekugadzira nekushanda kwemabhizinesi.
Kuongorora kwakadzama kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura
Ongororo yemakambani inoratidza kuti mumakore achangopfuura, kugona kwemagetsi emvura muChina kwakawedzera gore negore, kubva pa333 miriyoni kilowatts muna 2016 kusvika pa370 miriyoni kilowatts muna 2020, nekukura kwegore negore kwe2.7%. Zvichienderana nedata razvino, kugona kwemagetsi emvura muChina kuchasvika 391 miriyoni kilowatts muna 2021 (kusanganisira 36 miriyoni kilowatts yekuchengetera pombi), kuwedzera kwe5.6% pagore.
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura akanyoreswa muChina hwakawedzera nekukurumidza, kubva muna 198000 muna 2016 kusvika pa539000 muna 2019, nekukura kwegore negore kwe39.6%. Muna 2020, kukura kwemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura kwakaderera uye kwakadzikira. Ruzivo rwazvino runoratidza kuti muna 2021, makambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura muChina akanyoresa huwandu hwe483000, kudzikira ne7.3% pagore.
Kubva pakugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi rakaiswa, panosvika kupera kwa2021, dunhu guru reChina rinogadzira magetsi emvura ndiro Sichuan Province, ine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni 88.87 kilowatts, ichiteverwa neYunnan Province, ine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni 78.2 kilowatts; Dunhu rechipiri kubva kune regumi ndiHubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang neQinghai, rine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni gumi kusvika makumi mana kilowatts.
Panyaya yekugadzira magetsi, Sichuan ichave nemagetsi akawanda emvura muna 2021, ne353.14 bhiriyoni kWh ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, zvichiita 26.37%; Chechipiri, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura muYunnan kuri 271.63 bhiriyoni kWh, zvichiita 20.29%; Chechitatu, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura muHubei kuri 153.15 bhiriyoni kWh, zvichiita 11.44%.
Kubva pamaonero esimba remagetsi emvura muChina, Changjiang Electric Power ndiyo kambani huru ine simba remagetsi emvura. Muna 2021, simba remagetsi eChangjiang richasvika pamusoro pe11% yenyika, uye simba rese remagetsi emvura pasi pemapoka mashanu ekugadzira magetsi richasvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika; Kubva pamaonero ekugadzira magetsi emvura, muna 2021, simba remagetsi reRwizi Yangtze richasvika pamusoro pe15%, uye simba remagetsi emvura remapoka mashanu ekugadzira magetsi richasvika pamusoro pe20% yenyika. Kubva pamaonero ehuwandu hwemusika, huwandu hwemapoka mashanu emagetsi emvura muChina neYangtze Power hunosvika hafu yemugove wemusika; Simba remagetsi emvura rinosvika pamusoro pe30% yenyika yese, uye huwandu hwemaindasitiri hwakakwira.
Zvinoenderana neongororo yakadzama uye mushumo wekufanotaura kwekufambira mberi kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina muna 2022-2027 neChina Research Institute of Industry
Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina inotongwa nehurumende. Kuwedzera kumapoka mashanu makuru ekugadzira magetsi, bhizinesi remagetsi emvura muChina rinewo makambani akawanda akanaka ekugadzira magetsi. Makambani ari kunze kwemapoka mashanu makuru anomiririrwa neYangtze Power, inova ndiyo kambani huru pane dzose dzakagadzirwa nemagetsi emvura. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwesimba rakaiswa nemagetsi emvura, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, nemapoka mashanu makuru uye Yangtze Power iri muchikamu chekutanga.
Tarisiro yebudiriro yeindasitiri yemagetsi emvura
Mumamiriro ekudziya kwepasi rose uye kupera kwesimba rezvisaririra, kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa kwawedzera kukwezva pfungwa dzevanhu vepasi rose, uye kuvandudzwa kwakasimba kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa kwave kuri kubvumirana nenyika dzese pasi rose. Simba remvura isimba rakachena uye rinogona kuvandudzwa rine tekinoroji yakakura uye rinogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvesimba remvura muChina iri pekutanga pasi rose. Kugadzira simba remvura hakusi nzira yakakosha chete yekuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi ekupisa pasi rose, asiwo chiyero chakakosha chekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kukurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwesimba uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo, uye kuwana budiriro inogara kwenguva refu.
Mushure mezvizvarwa zvakati wandei zvevashandi vemagetsi emvura vachirwira, vachichinja-chinja uye vachiita zvinhu zvitsva, uye vachiita zvinhu neushingi, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina yabudirira kubva padiki kusvika pakuru, kubva pakushaya simba kusvika pakuva nesimba, uye kubva pakutevera kusvika pakumhanya nekutungamira. Nekukura kuri kuita sainzi netekinoroji, mayuniti emagetsi emvura muChina pamwe nevashandi vazhinji vesainzi netekinoroji yemvura, vachivimba nehuchenjeri hwekugadzira, big data nedzimwe tekinoroji dzemazuva ano, vakavimbisa hunhu hwekuvaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwemadhamu.
Munguva yechirongwa chemakore mashanu chechigumi nemana, China yakajekesa nguva yekupedzisira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zve carbon peak uye carbon neutreatment, izvo zvinoita kuti marudzi mazhinji esimba anzwe mukana nekumanikidzwa zvichiuya panguva imwe chete. Semumiriri wesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, simba remvura richaramba richikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwesimba remvura mumamiriro ekunze epasi rose nekupera kwesimba, uye kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi kunoenderera mberi.
Mune ramangwana, China inofanira kutarisa pahunyanzvi hwekuvaka hwakangwara, mashandiro akangwara uye michina yakangwara yemagetsi emvura, kukurudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi emvura, kusimbisa nekugadzirisa simba rakachena, kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura nesimba idzva, uye kuramba ichivandudza nhanho yekuvaka kwakangwara uye manejimendi ekushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-12-2023
