Tichipesana nemashure ekusundidzira pasi rose kwemhinduro dzesimba risingaperi, Uzbekistan yakaratidza kugona kukuru muchikamu chesimba remagetsi, kunyanya mumagetsi emvura, nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvemvura zvakawanda.
Zviwanikwa zvemvura zveUzbekistan zvakakura, zvinosanganisira mazaya echando, nzizi, madhamu, madhamu, nzizi dzinoyambuka, uye mvura yepasi. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga chaiko kwakaitwa nenyanzvi dzemuno, theoretical simba remvura munzizi dzenyika rinosvika 88.5 bhiriyoni kWh pagore, nepo tekinoroji inogoneka i27.4 bhiriyoni kWh pagore, ine simba rekuisa rinopfuura 8 miriyoni kWh. Pakati peizvi, Rwizi rwePskem mudunhu reTashkent rinomira pachena se "hydropower treasure," ine tekinoroji inogoneka yakaiswa 1.324 miriyoni kW, inoverengera 45.3% yeUzbekistan inowanikwa hydropower zviwanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, nzizi dzakaita seTo'polondaryo, Chatqol, uye Sangardak zvakare dzine hukuru hwekusimudzira simba remvura.
Uzbekistan's hydropower development ine nhoroondo refu. Kubva muna Chivabvu 1, 1926, chiteshi chekutanga chemagetsi emvura munyika, Bo'zsuv GES – 1, chakatanga kushanda chine simba rakaiswa 4,000 kW. Chigadzirwa chikuru chemagetsi chemvura munyika, Chorvoq Hydropower Plant, zvishoma nezvishoma chakauya online pakati pa1970 na1972. Kugona kwayo kuiswa kwakakwidziridzwa kubva pa620,500 kW kuenda pa666,000 kW zvichitevera kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano. Pakupera kwa2023, Uzbekistan's hydropower yakazara yakaiswa simba yakasvika 2.415 miriyoni kW, inoverengera ingangoita 30% yehunyanzvi hwayo hunokwanisa kuita. Muna 2022, huwandu hwemagetsi eUzbekistan hwaive 74.3 bhiriyoni kWh, iine simba rinodzokororwa richipa 6.94 bhiriyoni kWh. Pane izvi, hydropower yakagadzira 6.5 bhiriyoni kWh, inoverengera 8.75% yehuwandu hwemagetsi kugadzirwa uye inotonga renewable simba rekugadzira nechikamu che93.66%. Zvisineyi, kana nyika ichikwanisa kugadzira magetsi emagetsi e27.4 bhiriyoni pagore, ingangoita 23% chete ndiyo yakashandiswa, zvichiratidza mikana yakakura yekukura muchikamu ichi.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Uzbekistan yakashingairira kusimudzira hydropower, kutanga mapurojekiti akawanda. Muna Kukadzi 2023, Uzbekhydroenergo yakasaina memorandamu yekunzwisisa (MOU) neZhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Indasitiri yekugadzira michina yemagetsi madiki emagetsi. Muna Chikumi wegore rimwe chetero, chibvumirano chakaitwa neChina Southern Power Grid International chekugadzira magwenya matatu emagetsi emagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, muna Chikunguru 2023, Uzbek Hydrogenergo yakazivisa tenda yekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvishanu zvemagetsi emagetsi ane huwandu hwe46.6 MW, inotarisirwa kuburitsa 179 miriyoni kWh pagore nemutengo wemadhora zana nemakumi matanhatu nemazana mapfumbamwe emadhora. Muna Chikumi 2023, Uzbekistan neTajikistan vakabatana vakatanga chirongwa chekuvaka zvivakwa zviviri zvemagetsi emagetsi paRwizi Zeravshan. Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira 140 MW Yavan Hydropower Plant, inoda mari inosvika mazana maviri nemakumi masere nemaviri emamiriyoni emadhora uye inofungidzirwa kuti ichagadzira 700-800 miriyoni kWh pagore. Chirimwa chinotevera 135 MW chirimwa paRwizi rweFandarya chakarongwa, paine mari inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe emamiriyoni emadhora uye chizvarwa chegore chinosvika mazana mashanu kusvika mazana matanhatu emamiriyoni kWh. Muna Chikumi 2024, Uzbekistan yakaparura hurongwa hwayo hwekuvandudza magetsi emvura, yakanangana neiyo yakaiswa simba re6 GW panosvika 2030. Ichi chishuwo chikuru chinosanganisira zvose zviri zviviri kuvaka chirimwa chitsva nekuedza kwechizvino-zvino, kuenderana nehurongwa hwesimba renyika rekuwedzera simba regirinhi kusvika ku40% yesimba rose rechimiro panosvika 2030.
Kuenderera mberi nekufambisira mberi chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi, hurumende yeUzbek yakaisa mitemo inotsigira uye hurongwa hwekutonga. Zvirongwa zvekuvandudza magetsi eHydropower zvakagadziridzwa zviri pamutemo uye zvinoramba zvichinatswa mukupindura kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye mafambiro epasirese. Semuyenzaniso, Cabinet of Ministers yakabvumidza “2016–2020 Hydropower Development Plan” muna Mbudzi 2015, ichitsanangura kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvipfumbamwe zvitsva zvegetsi. Sezvo zano re "Uzbekistan-2030" richienderera mberi, hurumende inotarisirwa kuunza mamwe marongero nemutemo kukwezva vekunze vekudyara mumagetsi emagetsi emvura uye mamwe masimba emagetsi anovandudzwa. Zviteshi zvegetsi zvemvura zveUzbekistan zvakavakwa munguva yeSoviet vachishandisa zviyero zveSoviet. zviyero, kugadzira mikana mitsva yekubatana kumabhizinesi epasi rese, kusanganisira mafemu eChinese, kupa hunyanzvi hwavo uye kumisa matekinoroji avo muUzbekistan.
Kubva pakuona kwekubatana, China neUzbekistan dzine mukana wakakura wekubatana muchikamu chehydropower. NeBelt uye Road Initiative iri kufambira mberi, nyika mbiri idzi dzakasvika pakubvumirana kwakakura pakubatana kwesimba. Kuvhurwa kwakabudirira kwechirongwa chechitima cheChina-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan kunosimbisa hwaro hwavo hwekubatana kwemagetsi emagetsi. Mabhizinesi eChinese ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvaka hydropower, kugadzira michina, uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwepamberi uye kugona kwakasimba kwemari. Zvichakadaro, Uzbekistan inopa akawanda hydropower zviwanikwa, yakanakira mutemo nharaunda, uye yakakura kudiwa kwemusika, ichigadzira mamiriro akakodzera ekudyidzana. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinogona kuita kudyidzana kwakadzama munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kuvaka gwenya remagetsi emvura, kupihwa kwemidziyo, kuendesa tekinoroji, uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi, kukurudzira kubatsirikana uye kukura kwakagovaniswa.
Tichitarisa kumberi, indasitiri yemagetsi yemvura yeUzbekistan yakagadzirira ramangwana rinovimbisa. Nekuitwa kwemapurojekiti akakosha, huwandu hwakaiswa hucharamba huchikwira, huchizadzisa zvinodiwa nemagetsi emumba ukuwo uchigadzira mikana yekutengeswa kwemagetsi kunze kwenyika uye kuunza pundutso dzehupfumi. Zvakare, kusimukira kwechikamu chemagetsi emagetsi kuchasimudzira kukura mumaindasitiri ane hukama, kuunza mikana yemabasa, uye kufambisa budiriro yehupfumi hwedunhu. Sesimba rakachena uye rinodzokororwazve simba, kusimudzira hukuru hwemagetsi emvura kuchabatsira Uzbekistan kudzikisa kuvimba kwayo nemafuta ezvicherwa, kuburitsa kabhoni yakaderera, uye kubatsira zvine mutsindo mukudzikisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-12-2025
