Axial-flow hydropower zvidyarwa, zvinowanzoshongedzerwa neKaplan turbines, zvakanakira nzvimbo dzine yakaderera kusvika pakati musoro uye yakakura kuyerera. Aya ma turbine anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapurojekiti edhamu ekumhanya-kwerwizi uye akaderera-musoro nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwakanyanya uye kuchinjika. Kubudirira kwekuisirwa kwemagetsi emvura kwakadaro kunovimba zvakanyanya neakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye akanyatsoitwa mabasa ehurumende, ayo anoumba hwaro hwekuita kweturbine, kugadzikana kwekushanda, uye kuchengeteka.
1. Kugadzirira Kwenzvimbo uye Kutsauka kweRwizi
Kuvakwa kupi nokupi kukuru kusati kwatanga, kugadzirira nzvimbo kunokosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchenesa nzvimbo yekuvakira, kugadzira migwagwa yekupinda, uye kutanga nzira yekuchinjisa rwizi nzira yekudzosera mvura uye kugadzira nzvimbo yakaoma yekushanda. Macofferdam—zvivharo zvechinguvana zvakavakwa mukati kana kuti mhiri kworwizi—zvinowanzo shandiswa kuparadzanisa nzvimbo yokuvaka kubva mumvura.
2. Kutora Mamiriro
Chimiro chekudya chinodzora kupinda kwemvura muchirimwa chemagetsi uye chinova nechokwadi chekuti marara-asina marara, akadzikama kuyerera kune turbine. Inosanganisira marashi emarara, magedhi, uye dzimwe nguva sediment flushing zvivakwa. Yakakodzera hydraulic dhizaini yakakosha kudzivirira kuumbwa kwevortex, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemusoro, uye kudzivirira turbine kubva kumarara anoyangarara.
3. Penstock kana Open Channel
Zvichienderana nekurongeka, mvura kubva pakudya inoendeswa kune turbine kuburikidza ne penstocks (akavharwa pombi) kana nzira dzakazaruka. Mune akawanda axial-flow designs-kunyanya mumiti yakaderera-musoro-yakavhurika inopinza yakabatana zvakananga kune turbine inoshandiswa. Kugadzikana kwemaitiro, kuyerera kufanana, uye kuderedzwa kwekurasikirwa kwehydraulic ndizvo zvinonetsa zvakanyanya panguva ino.
4. Powerhouse Structure
Iyo Powerhouse inogara iyo turbine-jenareta unit, control masisitimu, uye yekubatsira michina. Kune Kaplan turbines, iyo inowanzoiswa vertically, imba yemagetsi inofanira kugadzirwa kuti itsigire mitoro yakakura yeaxial uye masimba ane simba. Vibrational kugadzikana, kudzivirira mvura, uye nyore kuwana kwekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirwa kwemaitiro.
5. Draft Tube uye Tailrace
Iyo dhizaini chubhu inoita basa rakakosha mukudzoreredza kinetic simba kubva mumvura inobuda muturbine. Iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa dhizaini chubhu inowedzera kugona kwese. Mugero wetailrace unoendesa mvura zvakanaka kudzokera kurwizi. Maumbirwo ese ari maviri anoda kuumbwa chaiko kudzikisa mhirizhonga uye mhedzisiro yemvura.
6. Kudzora Imba uye Ebetsero Zvivako
Kunze kwezvivakwa zvikuru, mabasa ehurumende anosanganisirawo kuvakwa kwemakamuri ekudzora, dzimba dzevashandi, mashopu, uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoshanda. Izvi zvivako zvinovimbisa kushanda kwemiti yakavimbika uye kuchengetedza kwenguva refu.
7. Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Geotechnical
Kuferefeta ivhu, kudzikamiswa kwemateru, kutonga kwekukukurwa kwevhu, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvikamu zvakakosha zvekuronga kwevanhu. Nzira dzakakodzera dzemvura, nzvimbo dzehove (pazvinenge zvichidiwa), uye basa rekugadzirisa nzvimbo zvinobatsira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kweprojekti.
Iyo civil engineering chikamu cheaxial-flow hydropower chirimwa chakakosha pakuita kwayo kwese uye hupenyu hurefu. Chimiro chega chega-kubva pakutora kusvika kune tailrace-chinofanirwa kunyatsogadzirwa uye kuvakwa kuti chikwanise kumirisana nemasimba emvura, geological mamiriro, uye zvido zvekushanda. Kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati pemainjiniya ehurumende, vatengesi vemidziyo yemagetsi emvura, uye nyanzvi dzezvemamiriro ekunze kwakakosha kuunza mhinduro yakachengeteka, inoshanda, uye yakagadzikana yehydropower.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-11-2025
