Hydropower tekinoroji yesimba rinogoneka zvakare inoshandisa kinetic simba remvura kugadzira magetsi. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yakachena simba sosi ine zvakawanda zvakanaka, sengezvezve, yakaderera emissions, kugadzikana uye controllability. Nheyo yekushanda kwehydropower yakavakirwa papfungwa iri nyore: kushandisa kinetic simba rekuyerera kwemvura kutyaira turbine, iyo inoshandura jenareta kugadzira magetsi. Matanho ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura ndeaya: kutsauka kwemvura kubva mudhamu kana rwizi, izvo zvinoda chitubu chemvura, kazhinji dziva (artificial reservoir) kana rwizi rwechisikigo, rwunopa simba; kuyerera kwemvura kutungamira, uko kuyerera kwemvura kunonangidzirwa kune mashizha eturbine kuburikidza nemugero wekutsauka. Iyo diversion channel inogona kudzora kuyerera kwekuyerera kwemvura kugadzirisa simba rekugadzira simba; turbine iri kushanda, uye kuyerera kwemvura kunorova mashizha eturbine, zvichiita kuti itenderere. Iyo turbine yakafanana nevhiri remhepo mukugadzira simba remhepo; jenareta inogadzira magetsi, uye kushanda kweturbine kunotenderera jenareta, iyo inogadzira magetsi kuburikidza nemusimboti we electromagnetic induction; iyo magetsi ekufambisa, simba rinogadzirwa rinoendeswa kune grid remagetsi uye rinopiwa kumaguta, maindasitiri uye dzimba. Kune marudzi akawanda emagetsi emvura. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana misimboti yekushanda uye mamiriro ekushandisa, inogona kukamurwa kuita rwizi simba rekugadzira, reservoir simba rekugadzira, tidal uye gungwa simba rekugadzira, uye diki hydropower. Hydropower ine akawanda mabhenefiti, asiwo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Zvakanakira zvinonyanya: hydropower isimba rinodzokororwa sosi. Hydropower inovimba nekutenderera kwemvura, saka inogona kudzokororwa uye haizoperi; isimba rakachena. Hydropower haiburitse magasi egreenhouse uye zvinosvibisa mhepo, uye ine zvishoma zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza; inodzoreka. Zviteshi zveHydropower zvinogona kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa kuti ipe yakavimbika yekutanga mutoro simba. Zvinonyanya kuipa ndeizvi: mapurojekiti makuru emagetsi emvura anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kune ecosystem, pamwe nematambudziko emagariro akadai sekutama kwevagari uye kutorwa kwevhu; Simba remvura rinodzikiswa nekuvapo kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, uye kusanaya kwemvura kana kuderera kwekuyerera kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Hydropower, senzira inovandudzwa yesimba, ine nhoroondo refu. Maturbine emvura ekutanga nemavhiri emvura: Kare muzana ramakore rechipiri BC, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa maturbine emvura nemavhiri emvura kutyaira michina yakaita sezvigayo nemasaha. Michina iyi inoshandisa kinetic simba rekuyerera kwemvura kushanda. Kuuya kwekugadzira magetsi: Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa magwenya emagetsi emvura kushandura simba remvura kuita magetsi. Nzvimbo yekutanga kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emvura pasi rose yakavakwa muWisconsin, USA muna 1882. Kuvakwa kwemadhamu nemadziva: Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, ukuru hwemagetsi emagetsi akawedzera zvakanyanya nekuvakwa kwemadhamu nemadhamu. Zvirongwa zvemadhamu zvine mukurumbira zvinosanganisira Hoover Dam riri kuUnited States neThree Gorges Dam kuChina. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji: Nekufamba kwenguva, tekinoroji yehydropower yakaramba ichivandudzwa, kusanganisira kuiswa kwematurbines, hydro-generator uye nehungwaru kutonga masisitimu, ayo akavandudza kushanda uye kuvimbika kwesimba remvura.
Hydropower isimba rakachena, rinodzokororwazve, uye indasitiri yeketani inovhara akati wandei akakosha malink, kubva pakutonga zviwanikwa zvemvura kusvika pakufambiswa kwemagetsi. Chekutanga chinongedzo muindasitiri ye hydropower chain inodzora zviwanikwa zvemvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira kurongwa, kuchengetwa uye kugovera mafambiro emvura kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mvura inokwanisa kupihwa zvakadzikama kumaturbine ekugadzira magetsi. Kutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura kazhinji kunoda zvimiro zvekutarisa zvakaita sekunaya kwemvura, kumhanya kwemvura uye mwero wemvura kuitira kuita sarudzo dzakakodzera. Kutarisirwa kwemazuva ano kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kunotarisawo pakuchengetedza kuve nechokwadi chekuti simba rekugadzira magetsi rinogona kuchengetedzwa kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya sekusanaya kwemvura. Madhamu nemadziva zvivakwa zvakakosha muindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi. Madhamu anowanzo shandiswa kukwidza mazinga emvura uye kuumba kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura, nekudaro kuwedzera kinetic simba rekuyerera kwemvura. Madhiramu anoshandiswa kuchengetedza mvura kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoyerera yakakwana inogona kupihwa panguva yekudiwa kwepamusoro. Dhizaini nekuvakwa kwemadhamu kunofanirwa kufunga nezve geological mamiriro, maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura uye ecology kukanganisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kusimba. Turbines ndiwo akakosha zvikamu muiyo hydropower indasitiri cheni. Kana mvura ichiyerera nemuma blades eturbine, simba rayo rekinetic rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti turbine itenderere. Dhizaini uye mhando yeturbine inogona kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nekumhanya kwemvura yekuyerera, kuyerera kweyero uye kureba kuti uwane yakanyanya kunaka simba. Kana turbine ichitenderera, inotyaira jenareta yakabatana kugadzira magetsi. Jenareta chinhu chakakosha chinoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi. Kazhinji, musimboti wekushandisa wejenareta nderekukwevera ikozvino kuburikidza neinotenderera yemagineti kuti ibudise ikozvino inochinja. Dhizaini uye kugona kwejenareta kunoda kutariswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi uye maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura. Simba rinogadzirwa nejenareta rinoshandura ikozvino, iro rinowanzoda kugadziriswa kuburikidza nechiteshi. Iwo makuru mabasa echitsiko anosanganisira kukwira kumusoro (kusimudza voltage kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba kana simba richifambiswa) uye kushandura mhando yezvino (kushandura AC kuita DC kana zvichipesana) kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi ekufambisa. Iyo yekupedzisira link isimba rekufambisa. Simba rinogadzirwa nechiteshi chemagetsi rinoendeswa kune vanoshandisa magetsi mumaguta, maindasitiri kana kumaruwa kuburikidza netambo dzekufambisa. Mitsetse yekufambisa inofanirwa kurongwa, kugadzirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anofambiswa zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo kune kwainoenda. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, simba racho rinogonawo kugadziridzwa zvakare kuburikidza nechiteshi kuti chizadzise zvinodikanwa zvema voltages akasiyana uye ma frequency.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-12-2024
