Mwoyo wechero turbine yemvura ndiyo inomhanyisa. Ichi ndicho chinhu chinoshandura simba remvura inoyerera kuita simba remagetsi rinotenderera, iro rinoita kuti jenareta igadzire magetsi. Pakati pemhando dzese dzeturbine, Francis runner, ine mapanga ayo akaomarara, akakombama, inomiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma uye zvakanyatsonaka kugadzira. Maitiro aya musanganiswa unoshamisa wehunyanzvi hwechinyakare uye mainjiniya edhijitari epamusoro.
Basa Rinokosha reMumhanyi
Kushanda kwemumhanyi kunotungamira zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka, simba rinobuda, uye kugadzikana kweyuniti yese ye turbine. Kusakwana mu geometry yayo kunogona kutungamira ku cavitation (kuumbwa kwemabubbles anokuvadza evapor), kudedera, uye kurasikirwa nesimba kwakawanda. Nokudaro, kugadzira mumhanyi hakusi kungovaka chikamu chesimbi chete; ndeyekugadzira mudziyo wekushandura simba unoshanda zvakanyanya.
Matanho Akakosha Mukugadzira Runner
1. Dhizaini neUinjiniya
Maitiro acho anotanga neComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) uye Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations dzakaoma. Mainjiniya vanogadzirisa chimiro cheblade, huwandu hweblades, uye ma inlet/outlet angles kuti vawane kushanda zvakanaka kwe hydraulic uye kusimba kwechimiro cheprojekiti chaiyo zvichienderana nemamiriro emusoro uye kuyerera kweprojekiti.
2. Kugadzira kana Kugadzira
Kukanda: Kune vazhinji vanomhanya neFrancis, mapanga emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anogadzirwa nemazvo, kazhinji anobva musimbi isingatsvedzeri yepamusoro (semuenzaniso, CA6NM kana 13/4/5 Cr-Ni steel) kudzivirira ngura uye kukanganiswa kweganda. Korona nebhandi zvinogadzirwawo zvakasiyana.
Kugadzira: Kune mamwe mashandisirwo ane simba guru, zvikamu zvakakosha zvinogona kugadzirwa kuti zvive nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye chimiro chegorosi chakafanana.
3. Kugadzira Machining: Panowanikwa Maumbirwo Akanaka
Iri ndiro danho rakakosha zvikuru, rinoshandura ma rough castings kuita assembly yakanyatsogadzirwa. Mabasa makuru ekugadzira anosanganisira:
Kugadzira Zvisina Kunaka: Kubvisa zvinhu zvakawandisa kubva pamashizha, korona, uye bhandi kuti zvive pedyo nechimiro chekupedzisira.
Kugaya CNC: Chinhu chikuru chebasa iri. Uchishandisa michina yekugaya ine mativi akawanda yeComputer Numerical Control (CNC), nzvimbo dzakaoma, dzine mativi matatu dzemaburi dzakachekwa zvakanaka. Michina yeCNC ine mativi mashanu inokosha kuti isvike panzvimbo dzakakombama uye pasi pemaburi pasina chikonzero chekugaya zvakare kakawanda.
Kugadzirira Kukwana Uye Kubatanidza: Mapazi emuchina anoiswa zvakanaka uye anosungirirwa pakati pekorona nebhandi. Izvi zvinoda kunyatsorongeka kuti gadziriro yekupedzisira ienderane zvakakwana nedhijitari dhizaini.
Kubatanidza: Vachina vesimbi vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro ndivo vanosanganisa simbi dzesimbi dzesimbi, vachibatanidza maburi kukorona nebhandi. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa vachishandisa otomatiki kana kuti robotic Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) kana Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG) kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti simbi dzakadzika, dzakafanana, uye dzisina kukanganisa. Maitiro akasimba ekugadzirisa kupisa kwesimbi (PWHT) anotevedzerwa kuderedza kushushikana uye kudzivirira kutsemuka.
4. Kupedzisa uye Kudzora Hunhu
Kuongororwa Kwemadimikira: Chinomhanyisa chese chakasungirirwa chinoskenwa uchishandisa muchina unotakurika weCoordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) kana kuti laser scanners kuti zvionekwe kuti contour yega yega inoenderana ne3D CAD model mukati me tight tolerances (kazhinji mukati me fractions dze millimeter).
Kupedzisa Pamusoro: Mapazi acho anokweshwa kusvika apera zvakanaka. Nzvimbo yakatsetseka ye hydraulic inoderedza kurasikirwa nekukweshana uye inoderedza njodzi yekutanga kwe cavitation.
Kuedza Kusingaparadze (NDT): Maweld ese anoongororwa zvakasimba uchishandisa nzira dzakadai seUltrasonic Testing (UT), Dye Penetrant Testing (PT), kana Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) kuti uone chero zvikanganiso zvemukati kana pamusoro.
Kuenzanisa: Chinomhanyisa chapera chinoenzaniswa zvine simba pamuchina wekuenzanisa wakakosha. Chero nzvimbo dzinorema dzinoonekwa uye dzinogadziriswa nekuwedzera kana kubvisa zvinhu zvidiki kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti kushanda zvakanaka, kusina kudedera nekumhanya kwakanyanya.
Basa reTekinoroji Yepamusoro
Kugadzira michina yemazuva ano hazvigoneki pasina tekinoroji yepamusoro. Mapatya edhijitari—ikopi chaiyo yemuchina wemagetsi—anobvumira mainjiniya kutevedzera maitiro ekugadzira nekubatanidza michina, vachifanotaura uye vachideredza kukanganisa kusati kwaitika. 5-Axis CNC Machine inopa kuchinjika uye kururama kunodiwa pakugadzira michina yakaoma. Kugadzira michina yeRobotic Welding uye Automated NDT zvinopa mhedzisiro inogara iripo uye yemhando yepamusoro.
Mhedziso
Kugadzira mudziyo we hydro turbine ibasa rinoda mari yakawanda uye hunyanzvi. Ipfungwa yehungwaru hwevanhu, apo software yepamusoro, michina ine simba, uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi zvinosangana kuti zvigadzire chinhu chinoshandisa simba rezvisikwa kwemakumi emakore. Hunhu hwechinhu ichi chimwe chete, chaizvoizvo, ndiyo simba rinotungamira sosi yesimba rinowanikwazve yakavimbika pasi rose.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-10-2025
