Kana wakamira pamusoro peBaihetan Hydropower Station, mhepo ichivhuvhuta pamusoro pechivako chikuru uye rwizi rukuru rweJinsha rwuchiyerera zvishoma nezvishoma pasi, munhu haagoni kurega kunzwa kushamisika kukuru. Izvi hazvisi dhamu chete; zvinoratidza hunyanzvi hwevanhu uye simba rinogara kwenguva refu. Iri pamuganhu uri pakati pemapurovhinzi eSichuan neYunnan kuSouthwest China, Baihetan ndiyo nzvimbo yechipiri pakukura pasi rose yemagetsi emvura maererano nekukwanisa kwayo kushanda, "parera" chaiyo paRwizi rweJinsha.
Kukunda "Kutukwa Kusingaputsiki"
Dhamu reBaihetan idhamu remadziro rakareba mamita 289, chivakwa chikuru chakavakwa kuti chitsungirire kumanikidzwa kukuru. Kwemakumi emakore, indasitiri yekuvaka madhamu yaitambudzwa nechirevo chekuti "kwete dhamu haritsemuki," kunyanya nekuda kwekupisa kunobuda kana kongiri yatonhora uye yaita zvibvumirano. Zvisinei, mainjiniya eBaihetan vakabudirira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Chombo chavo chakavanzika? Kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwesimende yakakosha isingapise kupisa kwakagadzirwa muChina mudhamu rese. Iyi midziyo mitsva yakaderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwekupisa panguva yekugadzira kongiri. Uyezve, maitiro ekuvaka aive anoshamisa ekururama. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, timu yakaisa masensa ekupisa anopfuura 6,000 uye 80,000 metres e optical fibers mukati mechivako chedhamu, zvichigadzira "system yetsinga" yakangwara yaitarisa mamiriro ekongiri munguva chaiyo. Mhedzisiro yacho ibudiriro inoshamisa: anopfuura mamiriyoni masere ema cubic metres ekongiri akadururwa pasina kana kutsemuka kunokonzerwa nekupisa, chinhu chinomiririrwa nemuenzaniso wepakati we36.74-mita-wakareba wakatorwa kubva mudhamu, iro rakareba kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose.
Mwoyo weHofori: Simba reMamiriyoni-Kilowatt
Simba rechokwadi reBaihetan riri mukati memapako emakomo. Kuburuka mugedhi remagetsi repasi pevhu riri kumahombekombe ekurudyi kwakafanana nekupinda muchechi huru yakatsaurirwa simba rakachena. Pano, maturbine masere makuru ecylindrical akaiswa muhoro yakakura zvekuti inogona kutakura ngarava inotakura ndege.
Aya ndiwo majenareta ekutanga pasi rose ehydro-turbine ane simba remamiriyoni 1 kilowatt, rimwe nerimwe richirema matani zviuru zvisere—zvakaenzana neEiffel Tower. Kugadzirwa kwawo ipfungwa huru yekuvandudza kwakazvimirira kweChina uye hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji. Kunyatsorongeka kunobatanidzwa kunoshamisa. Kunyange zvazvo mahombe aya achitenderera ne111 revolutions paminiti, kudedera kwawo kushoma. Mukuratidza kugadzikana kunoshamisa, vashandi vanogona kuyera mari yakamira pamusoro peimba yeturbine unit ichiri kushanda, basa rakaitwa kuti rigoneke nekuisa axis deviation kune 20-30 micrometers chete, kupfuura zvakanyanya mwero wenyika.
Kubuda kwemagetsi aya kunoshamisawo. Kutenderera kamwe chete kweturbine imwe chete kunogadzira magetsi e150 kWh. Ichishanda nesimba rayo rose kweawa imwe chete, yuniti imwe chete inogadzira magetsi emamiriyoni imwe kWh, anokwana kugutsa zvinodiwa nemagetsi zvemhuri dzinosvika mazana mana pagore. Kana magetsi ese ari gumi nematanhatu ari kushanda, avhareji yemagetsi anowanikwa pachiteshi ichi pagore inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nembiri nemazana mana ezviuru zvemakirogiramu, zvichikwanisa kutsigira kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemashanu pagore.
Kusimudzira Ramangwana Regirini
Kukosha kweBaihetan kunopfuura kure negomo iri riri kure. Ichi chikamu chakakosha muchirongwa cheChina che "West-East Power Transmission", chinotumira magetsi akachena anopfuura makiromita 2,000 kuti ape simba kumahombe ehupfumi muYangtze River Delta, kusanganisira maguta akaita seJiangsu neZhejiang. Simba iri rakachena rinokosha mukusimudzira dunhu, richitowedzera simba muzviitiko zvikuru zvakaita seHangzhou Asian Games.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti Baihetan inobatanidzwa nemamwe mapurojekiti makuru mashanu—Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde, Three Gorges Dam, neGezhouba—kuumba nzira huru pasi rose yesimba rakachena paRwizi rweYangtze. Iyi nzira, ine simba rese remakilowatts emamiriyoni 71.695, inogadzira avhareji yemabhiriyoni mazana matatu kWh pagore, zvakaenzana nekushandiswa kwemagetsi kwevanhu mamiriyoni mazana matatu pagore. Nekutsiva mafuta efossil, Baihetan chete inobatsira kuchengetedza matani angangoita mamiriyoni gumi nemapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu nemasere emarasha akajairwa uye inoderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide nematani mamiriyoni makumi mashanu nerimwe negumi nematanhatu pagore, zvichiita mupiro mukuru mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose.
Chiratidzo Chinogara Rusingaperi
Kubva munzvimbo dziri pasi pevhu uye kudzokera muchiedza chezuva, kukura kwebasa revanhu kuBaihetan kunonyura. Izvi zvinopfuura muunganidzwa wezvinyorwa zvepasi rose—zvehukuru, kuoma kwetekinoroji, uye kugona kwejenareta. Ichi chiratidzo chezvinogona kuwanikwa nekutsungirira, hunyanzvi, uye kuzvipira kupasi rakachena. Kuona dziva rakadzikama rakaiswa pamakomo akaomarara chiyeuchidzo chakasimba chekuti "chirongwa chikuru" ichi hachingoshandisi simba rezvisikwa chete asi chinoita izvozvo neruremekedzo rukuru rwekunyatsorongeka uye kugara kwenguva refu, zvichivhenekera nzira yeramangwana rakachena uye rakajeka kune vese.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-07-2025
