Kuvakwa kwedhamu rechiteshi chemagetsi emvura ndeimwe yemabasa makuru anoitwa nevanhu, mubatanidzwa wakaoma we geology, engineering, uye Environmental Science. Inzira yekudzora rwizi kuti rushandise simba raro, kushandura simba remagetsi remvura inoyerera kuita magetsi. Maitiro acho ane matanho akawanda uye anogona kutora makore, kana kunyange gumi, kuti apedziswe.
Chikamu 1: Nheyo - Kuferefeta uye Kutsausa
Tani imwe chete yekongiri isati yadururwa, basa guru rinoitwa pachivande.
Kusarudzwa kweNzvimbo uye Zvidzidzo zveKugona Kuitika: Mainjiniya nenyanzvi dzezve geology vanoona nzvimbo yakakodzera, kazhinji mupata wakamanikana une hwaro hwakasimba hwedombo. Vanoita zvidzidzo zvakasimba pamusoro pemvura, kudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kukanganisa nharaunda.
Kutsauswa kweRwizi: Rwizi harugone kuvakwa nepakati parwo. Basa guru rekutanga nderekutsausa kuyerera kwerwizi kubva panzvimbo huru yekuvaka. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekuvaka migero kana migero yakatenderedza nzvimbo yedhamu remangwana. Makomba enguva pfupi (ivhu kana matombo) anovakwa kuti pave nenzvimbo yakaoma yekushandira.
Chikamu chechipiri: Chinhu Chinokosha - Kuvaka Chimiro
Kana hwaro hwabuda pachena uye hwaoma, kuvakwa kukuru kunotanga. Nzira yacho inoenderana nerudzi rwedhamu.
Madhamu Ekongiri: Zvivako zvikuru izvi (seHoover Dam ine mukurumbira) zvinoshandisa huremu hwazvo hukuru kuti zvidzivirire mvura. Zvinovakwa nenzira inonzi "compartmentalizing," uko dhamu rinodururwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, zvinobatana. Izvi zvinobvumira kupisa kubva mukongiri inoporesa kuti iparare, zvichidzivirira kutsemuka.
Madhamu eEmbankment (Matombo kana kuti Nyika): Aya ndiwo marudzi emadhamu makuru anowanzoonekwa. Haana kusimba asi ane ivhu rinopinda mvura rakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo dzevhu nematombo akamanikana. Pakati pawo panodzivirira kudonha kwemvura, nepo magoko ekunze akasimba achipa kugadzikana. Kuvaka kunosanganisira kurongedza nekudzvanya zvinhu izvi nemidziyo inorema.
Madhamu eArch eConcrete: Mumakomba matete ane matombo, dhamu reArch imhinduro yakanaka uye inoshanda. Rakakombama kumusoro kwerwizi, richishandisa chimiro charo kuendesa simba remvura kumadziro emupata, risingade zvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura dhamu regravity.
Danho rechitatu: Kubatanidzwa uye Kuvharirwa
Kuisa Midziyo yeHydromechanical: Sezvo dhamu richikwira, mapaipi makuru (mapombi makuru) anoiswa mukati kuti atakure mvura kubva mudura kuenda kumaturbine ari mumagetsi. Nzira yekudira mvura, chivakwa chakakosha chekuchengetedza chakagadzirirwa kuburitsa mvura yakawandisa, inovakwawo.
Imba Yemagetsi: Chivako ichi, chiri pasi pedhamu, chakavakwa kuti chigare maturbine nemajenareta.
Kuchengetera mvura: Kana dhamu rapera kugadzirwa uye maturbine aiswa, matangi ekutsausa mvura anovharwa. Rwizi runobvumirwa kuyerera ruchidzokera kudhamu, uye dziva rinotanga kuzara zvishoma nezvishoma kumashure kwaro—maitiro anogona kutora mwedzi yakati wandei.
Matambudziko eUinjiniya neZvakatipoteredza
Kuvakwa kwedhamu kwakazara nematambudziko. Mainjiniya anofanira kufunga nezvekumanikidzwa kukuru kwemvura, simba rekudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kudonha kwemvura kwenguva refu. Chirongwa ichi chine migumisiro yakakura yezvakatipoteredza nemagariro evanhu, kusanganisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutamiswa kwenharaunda, izvo zvinoda kutarisirwa kwakanyatsonaka, kuderedzwa kwemvura, uye kuronga.
Mhedziso: Kubudirira Kukuru
Kuvakwa kwedhamu remagetsi emvura chiratidzo chehungwaru hwevanhu. Ipurojekiti yakaoma, yakakura inogadzira simba renguva refu rinokwanisa kushandiswazve, risingashandise kabhoni yakawanda. Kunyangwe paine njodzi dzaro, dhamu rakavakwa zvakanaka rinopa simba rekudzora mafashamo, kuchengetwa kwemvura, uye magetsi akachena, richipa simba kunharaunda uye richisimudzira budiriro yehupfumi kwezvizvarwa nezvizvarwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-03-2025
