Basa reVashanduri muMagetsi eMagetsi eHydroelectric

Iri pakati pechigadzirwa chemagetsi emvura, pakati pesimba guru remagetsi emagetsi nehukuru hwegrid yekutumira magetsi, inoshandisa tekinoroji yakakosha: transformer yemagetsi. Kazhinji isingatariswe, iyi nhare yakanyarara ndiyo chinobatanidza chakakosha chinoita kuti kuendeswa kwemagetsi emvura anogona kushandiswazve kure kure kukwanisike.
Kubva Pamvura Kuenda Pawaya: Kudiwa Kwekuchinja
Maitiro makuru ekushandisa simba remvura ndeekunaka kwazvo. Simba rinobva mumvura yakachengetwa rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi neturbine, iyo inozotenderedza jenareta kuti igadzire magetsi. Zvisinei, magetsi emagetsi anochinja-chinja (AC) anogadzirwa nemichina iyi anowanzo buda padanho remagetsi ari pakati nepakati, akadai se11 kV, 13.8 kV, kana 24 kV. Kunyange zvazvo zvakakodzera daro pfupi, kutumira simba rakawanda pamagetsi aya hakushandi zvakanaka kwenguva refu.
Apa ndipo panoita basa rayo guru transformer. Ichinhu chemagetsi chisingachinji chinoshandisa musimboti we electromagnetic induction kuwedzera, kana "kuwedzera," voltage yekutumira. Nekuwedzera voltage kusvika padanho rakakwirira zvikuru—kazhinji 138 kV, 230 kV, 500 kV, kana kutopfuura— transformer inoderedza zvakanyanya simba remagetsi remagetsi rehuwandu hwakatarwa hwesimba.
Kusanganiswa uku kwemagetsi ane simba rakawanda uye simba rakaderera ndiyo kiyi yekufambisa simba zvinobudirira. Zvinoenderana nemutemo waJoule, kurasikirwa kwesimba muconductor kunoenderana neskweya yemagetsi (P_loss = I²R). Saka, nekuderedza simba, transformer inoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba mumitsetse yemagetsi, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti simba rakachena rinogadzirwa nemapopoma emvura rinofamba mazana emakiromita nekushanda kwakanyanya.

Kuumbwa kweTransformer yeHydroelectric Plant
Matransformer ari mumafekitori emagetsi emvura haasi mayuniti akajairwa; iwo michina yakasimba, ine simba guru yakagadzirirwa kuvimbika.
Core neWindings: Pakati payo (chaizvoizvo), ine core yesimbi ine laminated uye seti mbiri dze copper kana aluminium windings: primary (divi rine voltage shoma rakabatana nejenareta) uye secondary (divi rine voltage yakawanda rakabatana negrid).
Sisitimu Yokutonhodza: ​​Kubata simba rakawanda kunounza kupisa kwakawanda. Matransformer emagetsi anoshandisa masisitimu ekutonhodza epamusoro-soro, anowanzo shandisa mafuta kwete kungodzivirira kupisa chete asiwo kubvisa kupisa. Masisitimu akajairika anosanganisira:
ONAN (Oiri Yemhepo Yechisikigo): Inoshandisa mafuta nemhepo zviri nyore.
ONAF (Oiri Yechisikigo Inomanikidzwa Nemhepo): Inoshandisa mafeni kumanikidza mhepo pamusoro pema radiator anotonhodza.
OFAF (Oil Forced Air Forced): Inoshandisa mapombi kutenderedza oiri uye mafeni kuitonhodza, inoshandiswa nesimba rakawanda.
Tangi reConservator: Chinhu chakakosha itangi reconservator, rinobvumira kuwedzera nekudzika kwemafuta ekudzivirira sezvo transformer ichipisa uye ichitonhora panguva yekushanda.
Masisitimu ekudzivirira: Matransformer aya ane zvishandiso zvekudzivirira zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira Buchholz relay dzinoona zvikanganiso zvemukati, zvishandiso zvekubvisa kumanikidzwa, uye masisitimu ekutarisa tembiricha, kuongorora gasi, uye kuburitsa chikamu chemhepo.
Matambudziko Akasarudzika uye Kufunga Nezvekugadzira
Nzvimbo yefekitori yemagetsi inoburitsa matambudziko chaiwo pakugadzira uye kuisa matransformer.
Nzvimbo: Dzinogona kuwanikwa mukati memba, panze, kana kunyange mumapako ari pasi pevhu. Zvivako zvekunze zvinofanirwa kuvakwa kuti zvikwanise kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaoma, nepo zvivako zvemukati zvichida nzira dzepamusoro dzekudzivirira moto uye dzekufema.
Kutakurwa: Zvichienderana nehukuru hwazvo nehuremu hwazvo, kutakura matransformer aya kunzvimbo dzemadhamu dziri kure, dzine makomo ibasa guru rekutakura zvinhu.
Kuwedzerwa Kwesimba uye Kuvimbika: Sechinhu chimwe chete chakakundikana, kuvimbika kwetransformer yejenareta (GSU) ndiko kunonyanya kukosha. Mafekitori mazhinji ane masisitimu ekufambisa magetsi akaomarara kana kunyange transformer yasara panzvimbo iyi kuderedza nguva yekushanda panguva yekugadzirisa kana kutadza kushanda.
Kupfuura Jenareta: Mamwe Matransformer Ari Muchirimwa
Kunyange hazvo transformer huru iriyo nyeredzi huru muchirongwa ichi, chiteshi chemagetsi chinovimba nemhuri yese yematransformer:
Matransformer eStation Service: Aya "matransformer ekubatsira" anodzikisa voltage yakakwira kuenda padanho rakaderera (semuenzaniso, 480V) kuti ape simba masisitimu akakosha efekitari—mwenje, masisitimu ekudzora, mapombi ekutonhodza, uye mamota egedhi.
Matransformer Ekubatsira eYuniti: Aya akabatana zvakananga nemagetsi anobuda mujenareta uye anopa simba rakanyanya kune masisitimu ekubatsira eyuniti iyoyo inogadzira magetsi.

Mhedziso
Transformer yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemagetsi inyanzvi yeinjiniya yemagetsi, chinhu chakakosha uye chakasimba chinoshanda senzira yekubuda nekushandisa magetsi. Pasina kugona kwayo kuwedzera simba remagetsi zvinobudirira, simba rakachena, rinodzokororwa rinobva munzizi nemadhamu haringambosviki kumaguta nemaindasitiri anovimba naro. Rinomira sechiratidzo chakanyarara, chine simba chehunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti nyika yedu yanhasi ishande zvakanaka.