Zvivakwa zvemagetsi zvikuru, zvepakati, nezvidiki zvinopatsanurwa sei? Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pari zvino, izvo zvine simba rakaiswa risingasviki 25000 kW zvinoiswa muzvikamu zvidiki; Zvivakwa zvepakati zvine simba rakaiswa rinopfuura 25000 kusvika 250000 kW; Chikero chikuru chine simba rakaiswa rinopfuura 250000 kW.
Ndeipi musimboti wekugadzira magetsi emvura?
Kugadzira simba remagetsi emvura kunoshandiswa kwesimba remvura (rine musoro wemvura) kufambisa kutenderera kwemichina yemvura (turbine yemvura), kushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi. Kana imwe mhando yemichina (jenareta) yakabatana neturbine yemvura kuti igadzire magetsi sezvainotenderera, simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi. Kugadzira simba remagetsi emvura, neimwe nzira, inzira yekushandura simba ringangovepo remvura kuita simba remagetsi uye wobva waita simba remagetsi.
Ndedzipi nzira dzekugadzira zviwanikwa zve hydraulic uye mhando dzezviteshi zvemagetsi zvemvura?
Nzira dzekugadzira zviwanikwa zve hydraulic dzinosarudzwa zvichibva pakudonhedzwa kwakasimba, uye kune nzira nhatu huru: rudzi rwedhamu, rudzi rwekutsauka, uye rudzi rwakasanganiswa. Asi nzira nhatu idzi dzekuvandudza dzinofanirawo kushandiswa kune mamwe mamiriro echisikigo echikamu cherwizi. Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemvura zvakavakwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuvandudza zvine marongero akasiyana zvachose ehub uye zvivakwa, saka zvakakamurwawo kuita mhando nhatu huru: rudzi rwedhamu, rudzi rwekutsauka, uye rudzi rwakasanganiswa.
Ndezvipi zviyero zvinoshandiswa mukuisa muzvikamu mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura nemagetsi emvura pamwe nezvivakwa zvekurima, zvemaindasitiri, uye zvekugara zvinoenderana nazvo?
Kurongwa uye kurongwa kwemitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemvura nemapurojekiti emagetsi emvura zvakaburitswa nebazi rekare rezveMvura neMagetsi eMagetsi, SDJ12-78, kunofanirwa kutevedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kurongwa kwacho kunofanirwa kuenderana nehukuru hwepurojekiti (huwandu hwese hwenzvimbo yekudzikisa mvura, kugona kwenzvimbo yemagetsi yakaiswa).
5. Chii chinonzi kuyerera kwemvura, mvura yose inoyerera, uye avhareji yemvura inoyerera pagore?
Kuyerera kunoreva huwandu hwemvura inopfuura nemurwizi (kana chimiro chehydraulic) muchikamu chenguva, inoburitswa muma cubic metres pasekondi; Kuyerera kwemvura yose kunoreva huwandu hwemvura yose inoyerera murwizi mukati megore remvura, inoburitswa se104m3 kana 108m3; Avhareji yekuyerera kwegore negore inoreva avhareji yekuyerera kwemvura pagore kwerwizi rwakaverengerwa zvichibva pane zvagara zviripo.
6. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinoitwa nemapurojekiti madiki emagetsi emvura?
Inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvina zvikuru: zvivakwa zvinochengetedza mvura (madhamu), zvivakwa zvinoburitsa mvura mumafashamo (nzira dzinodonhedza mvura kana magedhi), zvivakwa zvinodonhedza mvura (nzira dzinodonhedza mvura kana matuneri, kusanganisira ma surge shafts), uye zvivakwa zvemagetsi (kusanganisira nzira dzemvura yemumashure nenzvimbo dzinosimudzira mvura).
7. Chii chinonzi nzvimbo yemagetsi inoyerera mvura? Chii chinonzi nzvimbo iyi?
Nzvimbo yemagetsi isina dziva rinodzora inonzi nzvimbo yemvura inoyerera. Rudzi urwu rwenzvimbo yemagetsi inosarudzwa kuti ikwanise kuiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera murwizi pagore uye huwandu hwemvura inoyerera. Haikwanise kushanda nesimba rayo rose mugore rose ine vimbiso ye80%. Kazhinji, inosvika pakushanda kwakajairika kwemazuva angangoita 180; Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunoderera zvakanyanya kusvika pasi pe50%, dzimwe nguva kutotadza kugadzira magetsi. Inodziviswa nekuyerera kwemvura murwizi, uye kune mvura yakawanda inosiyiwa munguva yemafashamo.
8. Chii chinonzi kubuda kwemagetsi? Ungafungidzira sei kubuda kwechiteshi chemagetsi chemvura uye kuverenga kugadzirwa kwemagetsi acho?
Muchigadzirwa chemagetsi emvura, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nejenareta remvura rinonzi output, nepo kubuda kwechikamu chimwe chemvura murwizi kuchimiririra zviwanikwa zvemagetsi emvura zvechikamu ichocho. Kubuda kwemvura isimba remvura panguva imwe neimwe.
N=9.81 QH
Mufomura, Q ndiyo mwero wekuyerera (m3/S); H ndiyo musoro wemvura (m); N ndiyo inobuda muchiteshi chemagetsi (W); chiyero chekushanda zvakanaka kwejenareta remagetsi.
Fomura inofungidzirwa yekubuda kwezviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura ndeye
N=(6.0～8.0)QH
Fomura yekugadzira magetsi gore rega rega ndeiyi
E=N· F
Mufomura, N ndiyo avhareji yekubudisa; T ndiyo maawa ekushandisa pagore.
9. Chii chinonzi vimbiso yekubuda? Chinangwa chayo ndechei?
Avhareji yemagetsi anogona kugadzirwa nechiteshi chemagetsi panguva yakareba yekushanda, zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwevimbiso yedhizaini, inonzi simba remagetsi rinovimbiswa. Simba remagetsi rinovimbiswa rechiteshi chemagetsi rinoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha, uye ihwaro hwakakosha hwekuona kugona kwemagetsi emvura muchikamu chekuronga nekugadzira.
10. Ndeipi nguva yekushandisa simba rekuisa zvinhu pagore?
Avhareji yenguva yekushanda kwejenareta yemagetsi inoiswa mukati megore. Ichi chiratidzo chakakosha chekuyera mabhenefiti ehupfumi ezviteshi zvemagetsi, uye maawa ekushandisa ezviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi pagore anofanirwa kusvika maawa anopfuura 3000.
11. Chii chinonzi mutemo wezuva nezuva, mutemo wevhiki nevhiki, mutemo wegore negore, uye mutemo wemakore akawanda?
Mutemo wezuva nezuva unoreva kugoverwazve kwemvura inoyerera mukati mezuva neusiku, nedanho rekutonga remaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mutemo wevhiki nevhiki: Danho rekutonga ivhiki imwe (mazuva manomwe). Mutemo wegore negore: Kugoverwazve kwemvura inoyerera mukati megore. Kana mvura ikasiyiwa munguva yemafashamo, chikamu chemvura yakawandisa yakachengetwa munguva yemafashamo chinogona kudzorwa, iyo inonzi mutemo wegore negore usina kukwana (kana mutemo wemwaka); Mutemo wemvura inoyerera unogona kugoverwa zvizere mvura inopinda mukati megore zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa mvura pasina chikonzero chekusiyiwa kwemvura unonzi mutemo wegore negore. Mutemo wemakore akawanda: Kana huwandu hwedhamu hwakakura zvakakwana, mvura yakawandisa inogona kuchengetwa mudhamu kwemakore mazhinji, uye ipapo mvura yakawandisa inogona kushandiswa kutsiva kushomeka. Mutemo wegore negore, unoshandiswa chete mumakore akati wandei emvura, unonzi mutemo wemakore akawanda.
12. Chii chinonzi kudonha nekudzika kwerwizi?
Musiyano wekukwirira pakati pemvura yezvikamu zviviri zverwizi rwunoshandiswa unonzi donhwe; Musiyano wekukwirira pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvemvura yezvikamu zviviri zverwizi rwunoyerera nerwizi rwunoyerera unonzi donhwe rese. Donhwe pahurefu hweyuniti imwe neimwe rinonzi slope.
13. Mvura inonaya zvakadini, nguva yekunaya kwemvura, simba remvura, nzvimbo yekunaya kwemvura, nzvimbo inonaya mvura yakawanda sei?
Mvura inonaya ihuwandu hwemvura inonaya panzvimbo yakati kana kuti munzvimbo yakati panguva yakati, inoonekwa mumamirimita. Nguva yekunaya kwemvura inoreva nguva yekunaya kwemvura. Kusimba kwemvura kunoreva huwandu hwemvura inonaya pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, inoonekwa mumamirimita paawa. Nzvimbo yekunaya kwemvura inoreva nzvimbo yakatambanuka yakafukidzwa nemvura inonaya, inoonekwa mumakiromita 2. Nzvimbo yemvura inonaya inoreva nzvimbo diki yemunharaunda umo mvura inonaya yakawanda.
14. Ndeipi garandi yedhizaini yezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura? garandi yegore negore?
Chiyero chevimbiso yekugadzirwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura chinoreva huwandu hwemaawa ekushanda akajairika mumakore mazhinji ekushanda zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwemaawa ekushanda; Chiyero chevimbiso yegore negore chinoreva huwandu hwemakore ekushanda kwemagetsi akajairika mumakore ese ekushanda.
Chinangwa chekugadzira bhuku rebasa rekugadzira ndechei?
Chinangwa chekugadzira bhuku remabasa ekugadzira zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura ndechekuona chirongwa chekutanga chekuvaka uye kushanda sehwaro hwekugadzirira magwaro ekutanga ekugadzira. Ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekutanga dzekuvaka uye zvakare imwe yenzira idzo vane masimba vanogona kuita mitemo yehupfumi hwenyika.
Ndezvipi zviri mukati mebhuku rebasa rekugadzira?
Zviri mukati mebhuku rebasa rekugadzira zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvisere:
Inofanira kusanganisira zvese zviri mugwaro rekuronga nzvimbo dzemvura uye report yekudzidza kuti zvinhu zviitike sei. Inoenderana nedhizaini yekutanga, ine mutsauko chete pahukuru hwedambudziko rekutsvagisa.
Kuongorora nekutsanangura mamiriro einjiniya e geological uye hydrological munzvimbo dzekuvaka dziri mukati memvura, muunganidzwa wemepu we1/500000 (1/200000 kana 1/100000) unogona kuitwa, nekutsvaga zvishoma chete geological. Tsanangura mamiriro e geological, kudzika kuripo kwedombo, kudzika kwerukova, uye matambudziko makuru e geological munzvimbo yakatarwa yekugadzira.
Unganidza data remvura, ongorora uye verenga, uye sarudza maparamita makuru emvura.
Basa rekuyera. Unganidza mamepu enzvimbo yekuvaka anosvika 1/50000 uye 1/10000; mepu yenzvimbo yefekitori anosvika 1/1000 kusvika 1/500 panzvimbo yekuvaka.
Ita maverengero emitemo yemvura uye mvura inoyerera. Kusarudzwa nekuverenga mazinga akasiyana-siyana emvura nemisoro; Kuverengwa kwemagetsi nesimba kwenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu; Kusarudzwa kwekutanga kwesimba rakaiswa, modhi yeyuniti, uye waya huru yemagetsi.
Enzanisa uye sarudza mhando dzemagadzirirwo emahydraulic nemahub layout, uye ita maverengero emahydraulic, structure uye stability, pamwe nekuverenga huwandu hweinjiniya.
Kuongorora hupfumi, kuratidza kukosha uye kuongorora hupfumi hwekuvaka kweinjiniya.
Kuongororwa kwemigumisiro yenzvimbo, kufungidzira mari inoshandiswa muinjiniya, uye chirongwa chekushandisa injiniya chepurojekiti.
17. Chii chinonzi fungidziro yekudyara mari muinjiniya? Kufungidzira kwekudyara mari muinjiniya uye fungidziro yeinjiniya?
Kufungidzira kweinjiniya igwaro rehunyanzvi uye rehupfumi rinogadzirira mari yese yekuvaka inodiwa papurojekiti nemari. Kufungidzira kwekutanga kwekugadzira chikamu chakakosha chegwaro rekutanga rekugadzira uye hwaro hukuru hwekuongorora kunzwisisa kwehupfumi. Bhajeti rese rakatenderwa rinozivikanwa nehurumende sechiratidzo chakakosha chekudyara kwekuvaka, uye zvakare ndiyo hwaro hwekugadzirira mapurani ekutanga ekuvaka uye madhizaini ekubhidha. Kufungidzira kwekudyara kweinjiniya ihuwandu hwekudyara hunoitwa panguva yekudzidza kugona. Bhajeti reinjiniya ihuwandu hwekudyara hunoitwa panguva yekuvaka.
Sei tichifanira kugadzirira dhizaini yesangano rekuvaka?
Kugadzira hurongwa hwekuvaka ndeimwe yenzira huru dzekugadzirira fungidziro dzeinjiniya. Basa guru nderokuverenga mitengo yeyuniti zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana akadai senzira yekuvaka yakatarwa, daro rekufambisa, uye hurongwa hwekuvaka, uye kugadzira tafura yefungidziro yeyuniti.
19. Ndezvipi zviri mukati mekugadzirwa kwesangano rekuvaka?
Chinhu chikuru chiri mukugadzirwa kwehurongwa hwekuvaka ndechekuronga kwekuvaka, kufambira mberi kwekuvaka, kupatsanurwa kwekuvaka, hurongwa hwekubata, kutakurwa kwekunze, manyuko ezvishandiso zvekuvaka, hurongwa hwekuvaka uye nzira dzekuvaka, nezvimwewo.
Pane matanho mangani ekugadzira aripo muzvirongwa zvekuchengetedza mvura uye zvekuvaka zvemagetsi emvura pari zvino?
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neBazi reZviwanikwa zveMvura, panofanira kunge paine kuronga kwenzvimbo dzemvura; Chirongwa chepurojekiti; Chidzidzo chekugona kuita basa racho; Dhizaini yekutanga; Dhizaini yeTender; Matanho matanhatu anosanganisira dhizaini yekuvaka.
21. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvikuru zvehupfumi hwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura?
Mari yekudyara muyuniti kilowatts inodiwa pa kilowatt imwe neimwe yesimba rakaiswa.
Mari inoshandiswa pamagetsi inoreva mari inodiwa pa kilowatt awa yemagetsi.
Mari yemagetsi ndiyo muripo unobhadharwa pa kilowatt awa yemagetsi.
Maawa ekushandisa simba remagetsi pagore anoyera mwero wekushandiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi emvura.
Mutengo wemagetsi ndiwo mutengo wemagetsi pa kilowatt awa imwe chete anotengeswa kugrid.
Maitiro ekuverenga zviratidzo zvikuru zvehupfumi zvezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura?
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvehupfumi zvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inotevera:
Mari yekudyara muyuniti kilowatts= mari yese yekudyara mukuvaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura/ huwandu hwese hwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura chakaiswa
Mari yemagetsi muyuniti = mari yose inoiswa mukuvaka nzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura/avhareji yekugadzira magetsi pagore kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura
Maawa ekushandisa simba remagetsi pagore = avhareji yekugadzira simba remagetsi pagore/huwandu hwesimba remagetsi rakaiswa pagore
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-24-2024
