Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika zhinji dzakawedzera zvinangwa zvadzo zvekuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve. MuEurope, Italy yakasimudza chinangwa chayo chekuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve kusvika pa64% panosvika 2030. Sekureva kwehurongwa hutsva hweItaly hwemamiriro ekunze nemagetsi, panosvika 2030, chinangwa cheItaly chekuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve chichawedzerwa kubva pamamiriyoni makumi masere emakirowati kusvika pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu nerimwe emakirowati, nemagetsi ezuva nezuva nemhepo zvichisvika pamamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe emakirowati uye mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemasere nerimwe emakirowati zvichiteerana. Portugal yakasimudza chinangwa chayo chekuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve kusvika pa56% panosvika 2030. Sekureva kwezvinotarisirwa nehurumende yePortugal, chinangwa chenyika chekuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve chichawedzerwa kubva pamamiriyoni makumi maviri nemanomwe emakirowati kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi mana nemaviri nemakumi masere emakirowati panosvika 2030. Kugona kwesimba rezuva nezuva nemhepo kuchasvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nerimwe emakirowati uye mamiriyoni gumi nemana emakirowati zvichiteerana, uye chinangwa chekuisa maseru emagetsi chichawedzerwa kusvika pamamiriyoni mashanu nemashanu emakirowati. Kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa muPortugal kunotarisirwa kuda mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nemashanu emaeuro, mari yacho ichinyanya kubva kumakambani akazvimirira.
MuMiddle East, United Arab Emirates ichangobva kuzivisa hurongwa hwayo hwenyika hwesimba idzva, iyo inoronga kuwedzera kaviri kugadzirwa kwesimba rinogona kudzokororwa panosvika gore ra2030. Munguva ino, nyika ichaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nemana nemana nemana emadhora ($54.44 bhiriyoni) musimba rinogona kudzokororwa kuti igutse kudiwa kwesimba kuri kuwedzera nekuda kwekuwedzera kwevanhu. Hurongwa uhwu hunosanganisirawo hurongwa hutsva hwesimba rehydrogen munyika uye kugadzwa kwenzvimbo yekuchaja mota dzemagetsi yenyika, pamwe nemitemo yekudzora musika wemotokari dzemagetsi.
MuAsia, hurumende yeVietnam ichangobva kubvumidza hurongwa hwechisere hwekuvandudza simba reVietnam (PDP8). PDP8 inosanganisira hurongwa hwekuvandudza magetsi hweVietnam kusvika muna 2030 uye tarisiro yahwo kusvika muna 2050. Panyaya yesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, PDP 8 inofanotaura kuti chikamu chekugadzira simba rinogona kuvandudzwa chichasvika 30.9% kusvika 39.2% panosvika 2030, uye 67.5% kusvika 71.5% panosvika 2050. Muna Zvita 2022, Vietnam neIPG (nhengo dzeInternational Partnership Group) vakaburitsa chirevo chakabatana pamusoro pe "Fair Energy Transition Partnership". Mumakore matatu kusvika mashanu anotevera, Vietnam ichagamuchira mari inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora ($15.5 bhiriyoni), iyo ichashandiswa kubatsira Vietnam mukukurumidzisa kuchinja kwayo kubva pamagetsi emarasha kuenda kumagetsi akachena. PDP 8 inokurudzira kuti kana "Fair Energy Transition Partnership" ikaitwa zvizere, chikamu chekugadzirwa kwesimba rinogona kudzokororwa muVietnam chichasvika 47% panosvika 2030. Bazi rezvehupfumi reMalaysia razivisa nezvekuvandudzwa kwezvinangwa zvaro zvekuvandudza simba rinogona kudzokororwa, izvo zvine chinangwa chekutarisa inosvika 70% yehurongwa hwemagetsi enyika panosvika 2050, ukuwo zvichibvisa zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana zvinoyambuka miganhu kusimba rinogona kudzokororwa. Chinangwa chekuvandudza simba rinogona kudzokororwa chakagadzwa neMalaysia muna 2021 ndechekutarisa 40% yehurongwa hwemagetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugona kwesimba rinogona kudzokororwa munyika kuchawedzera kagumi kubva muna 2023 kusvika 2050. Bazi rezvehupfumi reMalaysia rakataura kuti kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvitsva zvebudiriro, mari inosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mana nematatu emadhora ekuAmerica inodiwa, iyo inosanganisirawo zvivakwa zvegrid, kubatanidzwa kwesystem yekuchengetedza simba, uye mari yekushandisa network system.
Kubva pamaonero epasi rose, nyika dziri kuramba dzichikoshesa uye dzichiwedzera mari yadzo mumunda wesimba rinogona kushandiswazve, uye kukura kuri kuoneka muminda ine chekuita nazvo. Muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, Germany yakawedzera rekodhi yemakirowatts esimba rezuva nemhepo. Ichitungamirirwa nemhepo yekunze uye simba rezuva, simba rinogona kushandiswazve rinosangana ne52% yezvinodiwa nemagetsi zveGermany. Sekureva kwehurongwa hwesimba hwekare hweGermany, panosvika gore ra2030, 80% yesimba rayo richabva kusimba rinogona kushandiswazve rakadai sezuva, mhepo, biomass, uye hydropower.
Sekureva kwemushumo wechangobva kubuda kubva kuInternational Energy Agency, kuwedzera kwerutsigiro rwemitemo, kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta efossil, uye kuwedzera kutarisisa nyaya dzekuchengetedza simba zviri kukurudzira kuiswa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva nemhepo. Indasitiri yesimba remagetsi epasi rose inotarisirwa kukurumidzisa budiriro muna 2023, nekukwanisa kutsva kwakaitwa kunotarisirwa kuwedzera neinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu pagore, nekuisa simba remagetsi ezuva nemhepo kuri kukura zvakanyanya. Muna 2024, kugona kutsva kwakaitwa pasi rose kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika kumakilowatts mabhiriyoni mana nehafu, uye kuwedzera uku kuri kuitika mumisika mikuru pasi rese, kusanganisira Europe, United States, India, neChina. International Energy Agency inofanotaura kuti mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi masere emadhora ($380 bhiriyoni) mukudyara kwepasi rose ichapinda muchikamu chesimba rezuva gore rino, ichipfuura mari inodyarwa muchikamu chemafuta kekutanga. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika 2024, kugona kugadzira kweindasitiri yemagetsi ezuva kuchapetwa kaviri. Pamusoro pekuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvezuva zvakakura munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose, masisitimu madiki ekugadzira magetsi ezuva ari kuratidzawo kukura nekukurumidza. Munyaya yesimba remhepo, sezvo mapurojekiti esimba remhepo akambomiswa panguva yedenda ari kuramba achienderera mberi, kugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo pasi rose kuchawedzera zvakanyanya gore rino, nekukura kwegore negore kweinenge 70%. Panguva imwe chete, mutengo wesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa senge simba rezuva nemhepo uri kuramba uchiderera, uye nyika dzakawanda dziri kuona kuti kugadzira simba rinogona kuvandudzwa hakungobatsiri chete pakugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, asiwo kunopa mhinduro dzakakosha pakugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwesimba.
Zvisinei, zvinofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti kuchine mukaha mukuru mukudyara mari musimba rinodzokororwa munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Kubva pakagamuchirwa Chibvumirano cheParis muna 2015, kudyara mari pasi rose musimba rinodzokororwa kwawedzera kaviri panosvika 2022, asi huwandu hwacho hwakanyanya munyika dzakabudirira. Musi wa5 Chikunguru, Musangano weUnited Nations weKutengeserana neKubudirira wakaburitsa 2023 World Investment Report, iyo yakaratidza kuti kudyara mari pasi rose musimba rinodzokororwa muna 2022 kwaratidza kushanda kwakasimba, asi kuchiri kuda kuvandudzwa. Mukaha wekudyara mari wezvinangwa zvebudiriro inodzokororwa wasvika pamusoro pemadhora mabhiriyoni mana pagore. Kune nyika dziri kusimukira, kudyara kwavo musimba rinodzokororwa kuri shure kwekukura kwekudiwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyika dziri kusimukira dzinoda mari inosvika $1.7 trillion musimba rinodzokororwa gore rega rega, asi dzakawana mabhiriyoni mazana mashanu nemakumi mana nemana chete muna 2022. International Energy Agency yakaratidzawo maonero akafanana mu2023 World Energy Investment Report yayo, ichiti kudyara mari pasi rose musimba rinodzokororwa hakuna kuenzana, nemukaha mukuru wekudyara mari unobva kumisika iri kusimukira nenyika dziri kusimukira. Kana nyika idzi dzikasakurumidzisa shanduko yadzo kusimba rinodzokororwa, mamiriro esimba pasi rose achasangana nemikaha mitsva.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-29-2023
