1, chimiro chehurongwa hwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura
Magadzirirwo akajairika ezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura anosanganisira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemhando yemadhamu, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemhando yerwizi, uye zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemhando yediversion.
Nzvimbo yemagetsi emvura yerudzi rwedhamu: Inoshandisa gomba remvura kukwidza huwandu hwemvura murwizi, kuitira kuti mvura iunganidzwe pamusoro pemvura. Inowanzo gadzirwa mumakomba marefu emakomo pakati nepamusoro penzizi, inowanzova nzvimbo yemagetsi emvura yepakati nepakati. Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira chiteshi chemagetsi emvura chiri pasi pedhamu rekuchengetedza mvura pedyo nenzvimbo yedhamu, inova nzvimbo yemagetsi emvura iri kumashure kwedhamu.
Nzvimbo yemagetsi yerudzi rwerwizi: Nzvimbo yemagetsi yemvura uko nzvimbo yemagetsi, gedhi rekuchengetedza mvura, nedhamu zvakarongwa zvakatevedzana parwizi kuti zvichengete mvura pamwe chete. Kazhinji yakavakwa pakati nepazasi penzizi, inowanzova nzvimbo yemagetsi yemvura yakaderera, ine mvura yakawanda.
Nzvimbo yemagetsi yemhando yekutsaudzira: Nzvimbo yemagetsi inoshandisa nzira yekutsaudzira kudzika kwechikamu cherwizi kuti igadzire nzvimbo yekugadzira magetsi. Inowanzo gadzirwa pakati nepamusoro penzizi dzine mvura shoma uye nzvimbo yakakura yekutsetseka kwerwizi.
2、 Kuumbwa kweZvivako zveHydroelectric Hub
Zvivako zvikuru zvepurojekiti yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura zvinosanganisira: zvivakwa zvinochengeta mvura, zvivakwa zvinoburitsa mvura, zvivakwa zvinopinda mvura, zvivakwa zvinotsausa mvura nekufamba nayo, zvivakwa zvemvura zvakatsetseka, zvivakwa zvekugadzira magetsi, zvivakwa zvekushandura, uye zvekugovera, nezvimwewo.
1. Zvivako zvinochengetedza mvura: Zvivako zvinochengetedza mvura zvinoshandiswa kuvharira nzizi, kudirana kwemvura, uye kugadzira matangi emvura, akadai semadhamu, magedhi, nezvimwewo.
2. Zvivako zvinoburitsa mvura: Zvivako zvinoburitsa mvura zvinoshandiswa kusunungura mafashamo, kana kusunungura mvura kuti ishandiswe pasi pemvura, kana kusunungura mvura kudzikisa huwandu hwemvura mumatangi, akadai senzira yekudonhedza mvura, mugero wekudonhedza mvura, nzira yekubuditsa mvura pasi, nezvimwewo.
3. Maumbirwo emvura yechiteshi chemagetsi: Maumbirwo emvura yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura anoshandiswa kupinza mvura mugwara rekutsausa, senge nzvimbo yakadzika uye isina kudzika ine kumanikidzwa kana nzvimbo yakavhurika isina kumanikidzwa.
4. Kutsausa mvura uye mafambiro emusana penzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura: Magadzirirwo ekutsausa mvura enzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura anoshandiswa kutakura mvura yekugadzira magetsi kubva mudura kuenda kuyuniti yekugadzira turbine; Chimiro chemvura yemusana chinoshandiswa kuburitsa mvura inoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi murwizi rwuri pasi. Zvivako zvakajairika zvinosanganisira migero, matuneri, mapaipi ekumanikidza, nezvimwewo, pamwe nezvivakwa zvakayambuka zvakaita semigero yemvura, maculvert, ma siphon akapindurwa, nezvimwewo.
5. Zvivako zvemvura yakatsetseka yemagetsi: Zvivako zvemvura yakatsetseka yemagetsi inoshandiswa kudzikamisa shanduko mukuyerera nekumanikidzwa (kudzika kwemvura) kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemutoro wechiteshi chemagetsi emvura muzvivako zvekutsauka kana zvemumashure, zvakaita sekamuri rekusurge muchiteshi chekutsauka chakamanikidzwa uye nzvimbo yekumanikidzwa iri kumagumo kwechiteshi chekutsauka chisina kumanikidzwa.
6. Zvivako zvekugadzira, kushandura, uye kugovera magetsi: zvinosanganisira imba huru yemagetsi (kusanganisira nzvimbo yekuisa) yekuisa mayuniti ekugadzira turbine ehydraulic uye yekudzora kwayo, imba yemagetsi yekuwedzera michina, yadhi yetransformer yekuisa matransformer, uye switchgear yemagetsi ane simba repamusoro yekuisa michina yekuparadzira magetsi ane simba repamusoro.
7. Zvimwe zvivakwa: zvakaita sezvikepe, miti, hove, jecha rinovhara, jecha rinosukwa, nezvimwewo.
Kupatsanurwa kwemadhamu kwakajairika
Dhamu zvinoreva dhamu rinovhara nzizi uye rinovhara mvura, pamwe nedhamu rinovhara mvura mumatangi, nzizi, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekupatsanura, panogona kuva nenzira dzakasiyana dzekupatsanura. Uinjiniya hwakakamurwa kuita mhando dzinotevera:
1. Dhamu reGravity
Dhamu regiravhiti (gravity dam) idhamu rakavakwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekongiri kana matombo, izvo zvinonyanya kuvimba nehuremu hwemuviri wedhamu kuti rirambe rakagadzikana.
Nheyo yekushanda kwemadhamu egiravhiti
Pasi pesimba rekumanikidzwa nemvura nezvimwe zvinhu, madhamu edhiravhiti anonyanya kushandisa simba rinodzivirira kutsvedza rinogadzirwa nehuremu hwedhamu kuti risangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzikana; Panguva imwe chete, kumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nehuremu hwemuviri wedhamu kunoshandiswa kugadzirisa kushushikana kwekumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa nemvura, kuitira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba. Hunhu hwedhamu redhiravhiti hwakaita setriangle. Pandege, axis yedhamu inowanzo ruramiswa, uye dzimwe nguva kuitira kuti ienderane nenzvimbo, mamiriro ejiyoloji, kana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehub layout, inogonawo kurongwa semutsetse wakatyoka kana arch ine curvature diki yakananga kumusoro.
Mabhenefiti emadhamu egiravhiti
(1) Basa remaumbirwo aro rakajeka, nzira yekugadzira iri nyore, uye yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, mwero wekukundikana kwemadhamu ekukwevera pasi wakaderera pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemadhamu.
(2) Kuchinjika kwakasimba kumamiriro enzvimbo nemamiriro epasi. Madhamu egiravhiti anogona kuvakwa chero mupata werwizi.
(3) Dambudziko rekubuda kwemafashamo pahub riri nyore kugadzirisa. Madhamu egravity anogona kugadzirwa kuita zvivakwa zvekupfuura nepakati pemvura, kana kuti maburi ekudhonza mvura anogona kuiswa pakakwirira kwakasiyana kwemuviri wedhamu. Kazhinji, hapana chikonzero chekuisa imwe nzira yekudonhedza mvura kana mugero wekudhonza mvura, uye marongerwo ehub acho akapfupika.
(4) Yakanakira kupatsanurwa kwechivakwa. Munguva yekuvaka, dhamu rinogona kushandiswa kupatsanurwa, uye kazhinji hapana imwe nzira yekupatsanurwa inodiwa.
(5) Kuvakwa kuri nyore.
Zvakaipa zvemadhamu egiravhiti
(1) Hukuru hwemuviri wedhamu hwakakura, uye pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa.
(2) Kushushikana kwemuviri wedam kwakaderera, uye simba rezvinhu hazvigone kushandiswa zvizere.
(3) Nzvimbo yakakura yekubatana pakati pemuviri wedhamu nehwaro inokonzera kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya pasi pedhamu, izvo zvisina kunaka kuti pave nekugadzikana.
(4) Huremu hwemuviri wedhamu hwakakura, uye nekuda kwekupisa kwemvura uye kuomarara kwekongiri panguva yekuvaka, tembiricha yakaipa uye kushomeka kwekongiri kuchagadzirwa. Saka, matanho akasimba ekudzora tembiricha anodiwa pakudira kongiri.
2. Dhamu reArch
Dhamu re arch iganda renzvimbo rakasungirirwa padombo guru, richigadzira chimiro che arch chakakombama pamusoro pegungwa richienda kumusoro, uye chimiro charo che arch crown chinoratidza chimiro chakamira kana kuti chakakombama chakananga kumusoro kwerwizi.
Nheyo yekushanda kwemadhamu eArch
Maumbirwo edhamu re arch ane mhedzisiro ye arch ne beam, uye mutoro waro unodzvanywa zvishoma kumahombekombe ese ari maviri kuburikidza nekushanda kwe arch, nepo chimwe chikamu chichiendeswa kudombo riri pasi pedhamu kuburikidza nekushanda kwematanda akamira.
Hunhu hwemadhamu eArch
(1) Hunhu hwakagadzikana. Kugadzikana kwemadhamu emumadhamu kunonyanya kutsamira pasimba rekuita zvinhu pamagumo emumadhamu kumativi ese, kusiyana nemadhamu egiravhiti anovimba nehuremu hwemuviri kuti arambe akasimba. Nokudaro, madhamu emumadhamu ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvenzvimbo nenzvimbo yedhamu, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekugadzirisa hwaro.
(2) Hunhu hwemaumbirwo. Madhamu eArch ndeezvivakwa zvisingaonekwe zvakanyanya, zvine simba rakawanda rekurema uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya. Kana mitoro yekunze ikawedzera kana chikamu chedhamu chikatsemuka munzvimbo, zviito zvearch nedanda remuviri wedhamu zvinozvigadzirisa, zvichikonzera kugoverwazve kwekumanikidzwa mumuviri wedhamu. Damu reArch chimiro chenzvimbo yese, chine muviri wakareruka uye unogara kwenguva refu. Maitiro einjiniya akaratidza kuti kuramba kwayo kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimbawo. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo arch iri chimiro chekusundidzira chinonyanya kutakura kumanikidzwa kweaxial, nguva yekukotama mukati mearch idiki, uye kugoverwa kwekumanikidzwa kwakafanana, izvo zvinobatsira kushandisa simba rechinhu chacho. Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, madhamu earch rudzi rwedhamu rwakanakisa.
(3) Hunhu hwemutoro. Muviri wedam re arch hauna majoini ekuwedzera anogara aripo, uye shanduko dzetembiricha uye kushanduka kwedombo re bedrock zvine simba guru pakushushikana kwemuviri wedam. Pakugadzira, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekushanduka kwedombo re bedrock uye kuisa tembiricha semutoro mukuru.
Nekuda kwehutete hwakatetepa uye chimiro chakaoma chejometri yedhamu re arch, kunaka kwekuvakwa kwaro, simba rezvinhu zvedhamu, uye zvinodiwa kuti damu risadonhe zvakaomesesa kupfuura zvedhamu re gravity.
3. Dhamu rematombo epasi
Madhamu ematombo epasi anoreva madhamu akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemuno zvakaita sevhu nematombo, uye ndiwo rudzi rwedhamu rekare kupfuura mamwe ose munhoroondo. Madhamu ematombo epasi ndiwo rudzi rwekuvaka madhamu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye ari kukura nekukurumidza pasi rose.
Zvikonzero zvekupararira kwekushandiswa uye kugadzirwa kwemadhamu ematombo evhu
(1) Zvinokwanisika kuwana zvinhu zviri pedyo nepedyo, zvichichengetedza simende yakawanda, huni, nesimbi, uye zvichideredza huwandu hwekutakura kunze panzvimbo yekuvaka. Zvinenge zvinhu zvevhu nematombo zvinogona kushandiswa kuvaka madhamu.
(2) Kukwanisa kuchinjika kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, mamiriro ekunze, uye mamiriro ekunze. Kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, mamiriro ekugadzira epasi akaomarara, uye nzvimbo dzine kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimba, madhamu epasi-dombo ndiwo ega rudzi rwemadhamu anogoneka.
(3) Kugadzirwa kwemichina yekuvaka yakakura, inoshanda zvakawanda, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya kwakawedzera huwandu hwemadhamu evhu-dombo, kwaderedza miganhu yemadhamu evhu-dombo, kwakakurumidza kufambira mberi kwekuvaka, kwakadzikisa mitengo, uye kwakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwekuvakwa kwemadhamu evhu-dombo.
(4) Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwedzidziso yegeotechnical mechanics, nzira dzekuyedza, uye matekiniki ekuverenga, huwandu hwekuongorora nekuverenga hwavandudzwa, kufambira mberi kwekugadzira kwakawedzerwa, uye kuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwekugadzira madhamu kwakawedzerwa kuvimbiswa.
(5) Kuvandudzwa kwakazara kwetekinoroji yekugadzira nekuvaka yekutsigira mapurojekiti einjiniya akadai senzvimbo dzakakwirira, zvivakwa zveinjiniya zvepasi pevhu, uye kupararira kwesimba remvura nekukurumidza uye kudzivirira kukurwa kwemvura mumadhamu ematombo evhu kwakaitawo basa guru mukusimudzira kuvaka nekusimudzirwa kwemadhamu ematombo evhu.
4. Dhamu reRockfill
Dhamu reRockfill rinowanzoreva rudzi rwedhamu rakavakwa nenzira dzakadai sekukanda, kuzadza, uye kukunguruka kwezvinhu zvematombo. Nekuti nzvimbo yedombo inoyerera mvura, zvakakosha kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sevhu, kongiri, kana kongiri yeasphalt sezvinhu zvisingapindi mvura.
Hunhu hweMadhamu eRockfill
(1) Hunhu hwechivakwa. Kuwanda kwematombo akamanikana kwakakwira, simba rekuchekwa kwakakwira, uye mukwidza wedhamu unogona kuitwa kuti unyatsodzika. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete huwandu hwekuzadza kwedhamu, asiwo zvinoderedza upamhi hwepasi pedhamu. Kureba kwenzvimbo dzinotakura mvura uye dzinoburitsa mvura kunogona kuderedzwa zvakaenzana, uye marongerwo enzvimbo yacho akaderera, zvichiwedzera kuderedza huwandu hweinjiniya.
(2) Hunhu hwekuvaka. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chemuviri wedhamu, muviri wedombo unogona kukamurwa kuita nzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvematombo uye kuoma kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe zvinogona kuzadzikiswa. Zvinhu zvematombo zvakacherwa panguva yekuvaka zvivakwa zvemvura muhub zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere uye zvine musoro, zvichideredza mutengo. Kuvakwa kwemadhamu edombo akatarisana nekongiri hakukanganisi zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze akadai semwaka wemvura uye kutonhora kwakanyanya, uye kunogona kuitwa nenzira yakaringana uye yakajairika.
(3) Hunhu hwekushanda nekugadzirisa. Kuchinja kwenzvimbo yematombo yakamanikana kudiki kwazvo.
nzvimbo yekupomba
1, Zvikamu zvekutanga zveinjiniya yepombi
Purojekiti yepombi inosanganisira makamuri ekupomba, mapaipi, zvivakwa zvekupinda nemvura uye zvekubuditsa mvura, uye zviteshi zvemagetsi, sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo. Chigadziko chine pombi yemvura, mudziyo wekutumira mvura, uye chigadziko chemagetsi chakaiswa mukamuri rekupomba, pamwe chete nemidziyo yekuwedzera nemidziyo yemagetsi. Zvivako zvikuru zvekupinda nemvura uye zvekubuditsa mvura zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzekupinza mvura nekudimbura mvura, pamwe nemadziva ekubuditsa mvura nekubuditsa mvura (kana shongwe dzemvura).
Mapaipi epombi anosanganisira mapaipi ekupinda neanoburitsa mvura. Pombi yekupinda inobatanidza mvura nepanobuda mvura, nepo pombi yekubuditsa mvura iri pombi inobatanidza panobuda mvura nepamucheto wekubuditsa mvura.
Mushure mekunge pombi yatanga kushanda, mvura inoyerera inogona kupinda mupombi yemvura kuburikidza nepaipi inopinza mvura uye nepaipi inopinza mvura. Mushure mekumanikidzwa nepombi yemvura, mvura inoyerera inotumirwa kudziva rekubuditsa mvura (kana shongwe yemvura) kana network yemapaipi, nokudaro zvichizadzisa chinangwa chekusimudza kana kutakura mvura.
2, Kurongeka kwenzvimbo yepombi
Kurongeka kwenzvimbo dzekuvaka dzepombi ndekwekufunga zvakadzama nezvemamiriro ezvinhu nezvinodiwa, kuona mhando dzezvivakwa, kuronga nzvimbo dzazvo zvine mwero, uye kubata hukama hwazvo. Kurongeka kwenzvimbo dzepombi kunonyanya kutariswa zvichibva pamabasa anoitwa nenzvimbo dzepombi. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepombi dzinofanira kunge dziine marongero akasiyana emabasa adzo makuru, akadai semakamuri epombi, mapaipi ekupinda nekubuda, uye zvivakwa zvekupinda nekubuda.
Zvivako zvekubatsira zvinoenderana zvakaita semaculvert nemagedhi ekudzora zvinofanirwa kuenderana neprojekti huru. Pamusoro pezvo, tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwakazara, kana paine zvinodiwa zvemigwagwa, kutakura zvinhu, uye nzira dzehove munzvimbo yechiteshi, hukama huripo pakati pemagadzirirwo emabhiriji emigwagwa, makiyi engarava, nzira dzehove, nezvimwewo neprojekti huru hunofanira kufungwa nezvahwo.
Zvichienderana nemabasa akasiyana anoitwa nenzvimbo dzekupomba, kurongeka kwenzvimbo dzekupomba kunowanzo sanganisira mafomu akasiyana-siyana, akadai senzvimbo dzekupomba mvura yekudiridza, nzvimbo dzekupomba mvura yekudhonza mvura, uye nzvimbo dzekudiridza mvura yekudhonza mvura.
Gedhi remvura igedhi remvura rine musoro wakaderera rinoshandisa magedhi kuchengetedza mvura uye kudzora kubuda kwayo. Rinowanzovakwa pamhenderekedzo dzenzizi, migero, madhamu, nemadziva.
1, Kupatsanurwa kwemagedhi emvura anoshandiswa kazhinji
Kupatsanurwa nemabasa anoitwa nemagedhi emvura
1. Gedhi rekudzora: rakavakwa parwizi kana mugero wekudzivirira mafashamo, kudzora huwandu hwemvura, kana kudzora kuyerera kwemvura inobuda. Gedhi rekudzora riri pamugwagwa werwizi rinozivikanwawo segedhi rekudzora rwizi.
2. Gedhi rekupinda: Rakavakwa pamhenderekedzo yerwizi, dziva, kana dhamu kudzora kuyerera kwemvura. Gedhi rekupinda rinozivikanwawo segedhi rekupinda kana kuti gedhi remugero.
3. Gedhi rekutsausa mafashamo: Rinowanzovakwa kune rumwe rutivi rwerwizi, rinoshandiswa kuburitsa mafashamo akawandisa kupfuura simba rakachengeteka rekuburitsa mafashamo erwizi rwuri pasi kuenda kunzvimbo yekutsausa mafashamo (nzvimbo yekuchengetera mafashamo kana yekuchengetera) kana nzira yekudira mvura. Gedhi rekutsausa mafashamo rinopfuura nemumvura munzira dzese dziri mbiri, uye mushure memafashamo, mvura inochengetwa uye inodururwa murwizi kubva pano.
4. Gedhi remvura: rinowanzovakwa pamhenderekedzo dzenzizi kubvisa mvura inokuvadza zvirimwa zviri mukati menyika kana munzvimbo dzakaderera. Gedhi remvura rinoendawo kumativi maviri. Kana mvura iri murwizi yakakwira kupfuura yedziva remukati kana depression, gedhi remvura rinonyanya kuvhara mvura kudzivirira rwizi kuti rusazadze minda yekurima kana dzimba dzekugara; Kana mvura iri murwizi yakaderera pane yedziva remukati kana depression, gedhi remvura rinonyanya kushandiswa pakuzadza mvura nekuzadza.
5. Gedhi reTidal: rakavakwa pedyo negungwa, rakavharwa panguva yekunaya kwemvura yakawanda kudzivirira mvura yegungwa kuti isadzokere shure; Kuvhura gedhi rekuburitsa mvura kana mvura yakaderera kune hunhu hwekuvharira mvura munzira mbiri. Magedhi eTidal akafanana nemagedhi emvura, asi anoshandiswa kakawanda. Kana mvura iri mugungwa rekunze yakakwira kupfuura iri murwizi rwemukati, vhara gedhi rekudzivisa mvura yegungwa kuti isadzokere shure murwizi rwemukati; Kana mvura iri mugungwa rakazaruka yakaderera pane mvura yerwizi iri mugungwa remukati, vhura gedhi rekuburitsa mvura.
6. Gedhi rekukwesha jecha (gedhi rekuburitsa jecha): Rakavakwa pamusoro pemvura ine matope murwizi, rinoshandiswa kuburitsa tsvina yakaiswa pamberi pegedhi rekupinda, gedhi rekudzora, kana sisitimu yemugero.
7. Pamusoro pezvo, kune magedhi ekubuditsa mvura negedhi retsvina rakagadzirirwa kubvisa maburi echando, zvinhu zvinoyangarara, nezvimwewo.
Zvichienderana nechimiro chekamuri repagedhi, rinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yakavhurika, mhando yemadziro echipfuva, uye mhando yekalvert, nezvimwewo.
1. Rudzi rwakavhurika: Pamusoro pemvura inoyerera nepagedhi hapana kuvharika, uye simba rekuburitsa mvura rakakura.
2. Rudzi rwemadziro ezamu: Kune madziro ezamu pamusoro pegedhi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza simba regedhi panguva yekuvhara mvura uye kuwedzera amplitude yekuvhara mvura.
3. Rudzi rwemugero: Pamberi pegedhi, pane mugero une simba kana kuti usina simba, uye pamusoro pemugero pakafukidzwa nevhu rinozadza. Rinonyanya kushandiswa kumagedhi madiki emvura.
Zvichienderana nehukuru hwenzira yekupinda, inogona kukamurwa kuita mafomu matatu: hombe, yepakati, uye diki.
Magedhi makuru emvura ane mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unopfuura 1000m3/s;
Gedhi remvura repakati nepakati rine simba re100-1000m3/s;
Makomba madiki ane simba risingasviki 100m3/s.
2, Kuumbwa kwemasuo emvura
Gedhi remvura rinonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: chikamu chekubatanidza kumusoro kwerwizi, kamuri regedhi, uye chikamu chekubatanidza pasi perwizi,
Chikamu chekubatanidza mvura chiri kumusoro: Chikamu chekubatanidza mvura chiri kumusoro chinoshandiswa kutungamira mvura kupinda mukamuri regedhi zvakanaka, kudzivirira mahombekombe nerwizi kubva mukukukurwa kwemvura, uye pamwe chete nekamuri, zvinogadzira contour yepasi pevhu isingadonhe mvura kuitira kuti mahombekombe ese ari maviri nenheyo yegedhi iri pasi pekukukurwa kwemvura zvirambe zvakagadzikana. Kazhinji, inosanganisira madziro emapapiro ari kumusoro, machira, migero yekudzivirira kukurwa kwemvura iri kumusoro, uye dziviriro yemumateru kumativi ese ari maviri.
Kamuri remusuwo: Ndiyo chikamu chikuru chegedhi remvura, uye basa rayo nderekudzora huwandu hwemvura uye kuyerera kwayo, pamwe nekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura nekukukurwa kwevhu.
Maumbirwo echikamu chekamuri regedhi anosanganisira: gedhi, pier yegedhi, pier yedivi (rusvingo rwemahombekombe), ndiro yepasi, rusvingo rwezamu, bhiriji rekushanda, bhiriji rekufambisa, chikwidzo, nezvimwewo.
Gedhi rinoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura nepagedhi; Gedhi rinoiswa pasi pegedhi, rakatenderedza gomba uye rakatsigirwa nepaburi regedhi. Gedhi rakakamurwa kuita gedhi rekugadzirisa uye gedhi rebasa.
Gedhi rekushanda rinoshandiswa kuvhara mvura panguva yekushanda kwakajairika uye kudzora kuyerera kwemvura inobuda;
Gedhi rekugadzirisa rinoshandiswa kuchengetedza mvura kwenguva pfupi panguva yekugadzirisa.
Chivharo chegedhi chinoshandiswa kupatsanura gomba repaburi uye kutsigira gedhi, madziro echipfuva, bhiriji rekushanda, uye bhiriji remumugwagwa.
Pier yegedhi inoendesa kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunotakurwa negedhi, madziro echipfuva, uye kugona kwekuchengetedza mvura kwepier yegedhi pachayo kuenda pasi peplate;
Rusvingo rwechipfuva rwakaiswa pamusoro pegedhi rekushanda kuti rubatsire kuchengetedza mvura uye kuderedza zvikuru saizi yegedhi.
Madziro ezamu anogonawo kugadzirwa kuita rudzi rwekutakurwa, uye kana mafashamo akaipisisa akaitika, madziro ezamu anogona kuvhurwa kuti kuyerera kwemvura kuwedzere.
Ndiro yepasi ndiyo nheyo yekamuri, inoshandiswa kuendesa huremu nemutoro wechimiro chepamusoro chekamuri kunheyo. Kamuri yakavakwa panheyo yakapfava inonyanya kugadzikana nekukweshana kuri pakati pendiro yepasi nenheyo, uye ndiro yepasi inewo mabasa ekudzivirira kunyura kwemvura uye ekudzivirira kusvuuka kwemvura.
Mabhiriji ebasa nemabhiriji ekufambisa vanhu anoshandiswa kuisa michina yekusimudza zvinhu, kushandisa magedhi, uye kubatanidza vanhu vanoyambuka migwagwa.
Chikamu chekubatanidza mvura pasi pemvura: chinoshandiswa kubvisa simba rasara rekuyerera kwemvura richipfuura nepagedhi, kutungamira kupararira kwakafanana kwekuyerera kwemvura kubva pagedhi, kugadzirisa kupararira kwekufamba kwemvura uye kunonoka kumhanya kwekufamba kwemvura, uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemvura mushure mekunge mvura yabuda pagedhi.
Kazhinji, inosanganisira dziva rekudzikamisa, apuroni, apuroni, mugero wekudzivirira kupwanya mvura pasi pemvura, madziro emapapiro pasi pemvura, uye dziviriro yekutsvedza kumativi ese.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-21-2023
