1, Magadzirirwo emhando yezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura
Iwo akajairwa mafomu ezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi anonyanya kusanganisira madhamu emhando yehydropower zviteshi, rwizi rwemhando yehydropower zviteshi, uye diversion mhando hydropower zviteshi.
Dam type hydropower station: Kushandisa barrage kusimudza mwero wemvura murwizi, kuitira kuti mvura inyatsorerekera musoro wemvura. Kazhinji inovakwa mumakomo marefu emakomo pakati nepamusoro penzizi, inowanzova yepakati nepamusoro-soro hydropower station. Nzira inonyanyozivikanwa yekugadzira magetsi igetsi remagetsi rinowanikwa zasi kwedhamu rekuchengetedza pedyo nenzvimbo yedhamu, inova gwenya remagetsi emagetsi kuseri kwedhamu.
River bed type hydropower station: Chiteshi chemagetsi panogadzirwa magetsi, gedhi rekuchengetedza mvura, uye dhamu zvakarongwa mumutsara parwizi kuti zvichengete pamwe chete mvura. Kazhinji inovakwa pakati nepakati pakadzika nzizi, inowanzova musoro wakaderera, wakakwira kuyerera kwehydropower station.
Diversion type hydropower station: Chiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandisa mugero wekutsaudzira kuisa pfungwa pakudonha kwechikamu cherwizi kuita musoro wekugadzira magetsi. Inowanzovakwa pakati uye kumusoro kusvika kwenzizi dzine kuyerera kwakadzika uye yakakura longitudinal kutsetseka kwerwizi.
2, Kuumbwa kweHydroelectric Hub Zvivakwa
Zvivakwa zvikuru zve hydropower station hub chirongwa zvinosanganisira: zvimiro zvekuchengetedza mvura, zvimiro zvekuburitsa, zvimiro zvekupinda, diversion uye tailrace zvimiro, mazinga emvura zvimiro, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, shanduko, uye kugovera zvivakwa, nezvimwe.
1. Zvivako zvekuchengetedza mvura: Zvivako zvekuchengetedza mvura zvinoshandiswa kuvharira nzizi, kudzika madonhwe, uye kugadzira madhamu, semadhamu, magedhi, nezvimwe.
2. Mamiriro ekubudiswa kwemvura: Zvivako zvekubudiswa kwemvura zvinoshandiswa kusunungura mafashamo, kana kusunungura mvura kuti ishandiswe pasi pemvura, kana kusunungura mvura kuti ideredze huwandu hwemvura yemadziva, akadai se spillway, spillway tunnel, pasi pekubuda, nezvimwewo.
3. Mamiriro ekutora mvura echiteshi chemagetsi emagetsi: Chimiro chemvura chechiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandiswa kupinza mvura mugero rekutsaudzira, seyakadzika uye isina kudzika inopinza ine dzvinyiriro kana yakavhurika inopinda pasina kumanikidzwa.
4. Kuchinjisa mvura uye zvimisikidzo zvemataira ezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi: Zvimisikidzo zvekuchinjisa mvura zvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa kutakura mvura yekugadzira magetsi kubva mudhamu kuenda kune turbine generator unit; Chimiro chemvura yemuswe chinoshandiswa kuburitsa mvura inoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi mumugero werwizi rwezasi. Zvivakwa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira chiteshi, migero, mapaipi ekumanikidza, nezvimwewo, pamwe chete nezvivakwa zvemuchinjiko zvakaita semigero, ma culverts, inverted siphons, nezvimwe.
5. Hydroelectric flat flat water structures: Hydroelectric flat flat water structures inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuchinja kwekuyerera uye kudzvinyirira (mvura yakadzika) inokonzerwa nekuchinja mumutoro we hydropower station mune diversion kana tailwater zvivako, zvakadai sekamuri yekuputira mumugero wakamanikidzika we diversion uye kudzvinyirirwa forebay pamagumo emugero usina kumanikidzwa.
6. Kugadzira magetsi, kushandura, uye zvivako zvekugovera: kusanganisira imba huru yemagetsi (kusanganisira nzvimbo yekuisa) yekuisa hydraulic turbine generator units uye kutonga kwayo, midziyo yekubatsira imba yemagetsi, chivako chekushandura chekuisa shanduri, uye high-voltage switchgear yekuisa ma-high-voltage distribution distribution devices.
7. Zvimwe zvivako: sezvikepe, miti, hove, kuvhara jecha, jecha rejecha, nezvimwewo.
Common classification yemadhamu
Dhamu zvinoreva dhamu rinovharira nzizi nekuvharira mvura, pamwe nedhamu rinovharira mvura mumadhamu, munzizi, nezvimwewo. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzezvirongwa zvakasiyana, panogona kuve nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuisa mumapoka. Injiniya yakakamurwa zvakanyanya mumhando dzinotevera:
1. Dhamu regiravhiti
Dhamu regiravhiti idhamu rakavakwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekongiri kana dombo, iro rinonyanya kuvimba nehuremu hwega hwedhamu kuti richengetedze kugadzikana.
Nheyo yekushanda yemadhamu emagetsi
Pasi pekuita kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura nemimwe mitoro, madhamu egiravhiti anonyanya kutsamira pasimba rekutsvedza rinogadzirwa nehuremu hwedhamu kuti rizadzise kugadzikana zvinodiwa; Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo compression stress inogadzirwa nehuremu hwega hwedhamu inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwemvura, kuitira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvesimba. Chimiro chegwaro redhamu regiravhiti rine mativi matatu. Mundege, axis yedhamu inowanzotwasanuka, uye dzimwe nguva kuitira kuti igadzirise kune nzvimbo, geological mamiriro, kana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehub marongero, inogona zvakare kurongeka semutsetse wakatyoka kana arch ine diki curvature yakananga kumusoro.
Zvakanakira madhamu egiravhiti
(1) Basa rekugadzirisa rakajeka, nzira yekugadzira iri nyore, uye yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika. Maererano nenhamba, mwero wekukundikana kwemadhamu egiravhiti wakadzikira pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemadhamu.
(2) Kuchinja kwakasimba kune terrain uye geological mamiriro. Madhamu egiravhiti anogona kuvakwa mune chero chimiro chemupata werwizi.
(3) Dambudziko rekuyerera kwemafashamu pahubhu iri nyore kugadzirisa. Madhamu egiravhiti anogona kugadzirwa kuita zvimiro zvekufashukira, kana maburi emvura anogona kumisikidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri wedhamu. Kazhinji, hapana chikonzero chekuisa imwe spillway kana drainage mugero, uye hub marongerwo akakwana.
(4) Yakanakira kutsauka pakuvaka. Munguva yekuvaka, muviri wedhamu unogona kushandiswa kuchinjisa, uye kazhinji hapana imwe nzira yekuchinjisa inodiwa.
(5) Kuvaka kuri nyore.
Kuipa kwemadhamu egiravhiti
(1) Hukuru hwechikamu chechikamu chemuviri wedhamu yakakura, uye kune huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa.
(2) Kushushikana kwemuviri wedhamu kwakadzikira, uye simba renyama harigone kushandiswa zvizere.
(3) Nzvimbo huru yekubatana pakati pemuviri wedhamu nenheyo inoguma nekukwirira kwepamusoro kwepamusoro pasi pedhamu, izvo zvisingafadzi kugadzikana.
(4) Huwandu hwemuviri wedhamu hwakakura, uye nekuda kwekupisa kwe hydration uye kuomarara kwekongiri panguva yekuvaka, tembiricha yakashata uye shrinkage stress ichagadzirwa. Naizvozvo, matanho akasimba ekudzora tembiricha anodiwa pakudurura kongiri.
2. Arch Dam
Arch dhamu inzvimbo yegoko rakamiswa padombo, richigadzira chimiro checonvex arch pandege yakananga kumusoro, uye arch korona yayo inoburitsa yakatwasuka kana kuti convex curve chimiro chakananga kumusoro.
Kushanda musimboti wearch madhamu
Mamiriro edhamu arch ane zvese arch uye danda mhedzisiro, uye mutoro wainotakura wakatsikirirwa zvishoma kune ese mabhangi kuburikidza nekuita kwearch, nepo chimwe chikamu chinopfuudzwa kune dombo pazasi pedhamu kuburikidza nekuita kwematanda akamira.
Hunhu hwearch madhamu
(1) Hunhu hwakagadzikana. Kugadzikana kwearch madhamu kunonyanya kutsamira pakuita kwesimba paarch inopera pamativi ese, kusiyana nemadhamu egiravhiti anovimba nehuremu hwega kuti uchengetedze kugadzikana. Naizvozvo, madhamu arch ane zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya kune iyo terrain uye geological mamiriro enzvimbo yedhamu, pamwe nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekurapwa kwenheyo.
(2) Mamiriro ezvinhu. Madhamu eArch ndeaya akakwira kurongeka statically indeterminate zvimiro, zvine simba rakawandisa uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya. Kana mitoro yekunze ichiwedzera kana chikamu chedhamu chinosangana nekutsemuka kwenzvimbo, arch uye danda zviito zvemuviri wedhamu zvinozvigadzirisa, zvichikonzera kudzoreredzwa kwekushushikana mumuviri wedhamu. Iyo arch dhamu chimiro chakazara chenzvimbo, chine huremu uye muviri wakagadzikana. Injiniya tsika yakaratidza kuti yayo seismic kuramba kwakasimba zvakare. Pamusoro pezvo, search chimiro chekusimudzira chinotakura axial pressure, nguva yekukotama mukati mearch idiki, uye kugovaniswa kwekushushikana kwakafanana, izvo zvinobatsira pakushandisa simba rechinhu. Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, madhamu arch imhando yepamusoro yedhamu.
(3) Mutoro maitiro. Iyo arch dam body haina majoini ekuwedzera ekusingaperi, uye shanduko yekushisa uye deformation yebedrock ine chekuita kwakakura pakushushikana kwemuviri wedhamu. Paunenge uchigadzira, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvebedrock deformation uye inosanganisira tembiricha semutoro mukuru.
Nekuda kwechimiro chakatetepa uye yakaoma geometric chimiro chearch dhamu, mhando yekuvaka, simba rezvinhu zvedhamu, uye anti-seepage zvinodiwa zvakaomarara kupfuura izvo zvemadhamu egiravhiti.
3. Pasi-dombo dhamu
Madhamu evhu (Earth-rock dams) zvinoreva madhamu akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemuno zvakaita sevhu nematombo, uye ndiwo madhamu ekare zvikuru munhoroondo. Madhamu eEarth-rock ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa uye ari kukurumidza kusimukira mhando yekuvaka madhamu pasi rose.
Zvikonzero zvekushandiswa kwakapararira uye kuvandudzwa kwemadhamu ematombo evhu
(1) Zvinokwanisika kuwana zvinhu munharaunda uye pedyo, kuchengetedza simende yakawanda, huni, uye simbi, uye kuderedza vhoriyamu yekufambisa yekunze panzvimbo yekuvaka. Zvinenge zvese zvevhu nematombo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira madhamu.
(2) Kukwanisa kuchinjika kune akasiyana terrain, geological, uye mamiriro ekunze. Kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, yakaoma engineering geological mamiriro, uye nzvimbo dzakanyanya kudengenyeka kwenyika, madhamu epasi-matombo ndiwo ega anokwanisika emhando yedhamu.
(3) Kugadziridzwa kwemichina yekuvaka yakakura, inoshanda, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya kwakawedzera kuwanda kwemadhamu ematombo evhu, kuderedza chikamu chedhamu rematombo epasi, kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwekuvaka, kuderedzwa kwemitengo, uye kwakakurudzira kuvakwa kwepamusoro-soro kuvakwa kwedhamu rematombo.
(4) Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kweiyo geotechnical mechanics theory, nzira dzekuyedza, uye hunyanzvi hwemakomputa, nhanho yekuongorora uye kuverenga yakagadziridzwa, kufambira mberi kwekugadzira kwakakwidziridzwa, uye kuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwedhizaini yedhamu kwave kuvimbiswa zvakare.
(5) Kuvandudzwa kwakadzama kwekugadzira uye kuvaka tekinoroji yekutsigira mapurojekiti einjiniya akadai semateru, zvivakwa zveinjiniya zvepasi pevhu, uye nekumhanya-mhanya kwemvura kuyerera kwesimba uye kudzivirira kukukurwa kwemadhamu ematombo evhu kwaitawo basa rakakosha rekusimudzira mukukurumidzira kuvakwa nekusimudzirwa kwemadhamu ematombo evhu.
4. Rockfill dhamu
Rockfill dhamu rinowanzoreva rudzi rwedhamu rakavakwa pachishandiswa nzira dzakaita sekukanda, kuzadza, nekukungurutsa zvinhu zvematombo. Nekuti iyo rockfill inopindika, zvinodikanwa kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sevhu, kongiri, kana asphalt kongiri sezvinhu zvisingapindike.
Hunhu hweRockfill Dams
(1) Mamiriro ezvinhu. Density ye compacted rockfill yakakwira, simba rekugera rakakwira, uye mutsetse wedhamu unogona kuitwa wakanyanya. Izvi hazvisi kungochengetedza huwandu hwekuzadza kwedhamu, asiwo kunoderedza hupamhi hwezasi kwedhamu. Hurefu hwekutakura kwemvura uye zvimiro zvekuburitsa zvinogona kuderedzwa zvinoenderana, uye marongerwo ehubhu ari compact, zvichiwedzera kuderedza huwandu hweinjiniya.
(2) Kuvaka maitiro. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushushikana kwechikamu chega chega chemuviri wedhamu, iyo rockfill muviri inogona kukamurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye zvakasiyana zvinodiwa zvematombo ematombo uye compactness yenzvimbo yega yega inogona kusangana. Zvigadzirwa zvematombo zvakacherwa panguva yekuvakwa kwezvimiro zvemvura muhubhu zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere uye zvine musoro, kuderedza mutengo. Kuvakwa kwemadhamu ekongiri akatarisana nematombo ematombo haanyanyi kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akadai semwaka wekunaya kwemvura uye kutonhora kwakanyanya, uye anogona kuitwa zvine mwero uye zvakajairika.
(3) Kushanda uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Iyo yekugadzirisa deformation ye compacted rockfill idiki kwazvo.
pombi station
1, Zvikamu zvakakosha zvepombi station engineering
Purojekiti yepombi yepombi inonyanya kuve nemakamuri epombi, mapaipi, zvivakwa zvekupinza mvura uye zvekubuda, uye zviteshi zvishoma, sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo. Chikamu chinosanganisira pombi yemvura, mudziyo wekutumira, uye simba remagetsi rinoiswa muimba yepombi, pamwe chete nemichina yekubatsira uye midziyo yemagetsi. Iyo huru yemvura yekupinza uye yekubuda zvimiro zvinosanganisira kupinza kwemvura uye diversion zvivakwa, pamwe neinopinza uye yekubuda madziva (kana shongwe dzemvura).
Mapaipi epombi yepombi anosanganisira pombi dzekupinza nekubuda nadzo. Pombi inopinza inobatanidza panopindwa mvura nepombi yemvura, ukuwo pombi yekubuda nayo iri pombi inobatanidza panobuda pombi yemvura nekumucheto kwepombi.
Mushure mekunge pombi yaiswa mukushanda, kuyerera kwemvura kunogona kupinda pombi yemvura kuburikidza nechivakwa chekupinda uye pombi inopinza. Mushure mekudzvinyirirwa nepombi yemvura, kuyerera kwemvura kunotumirwa kune dziva rekubuda (kana shongwe yemvura) kana pombi network, nekudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekusimudza kana kutakura mvura.
2, Kurongeka kwepombi station hub
Iyo hub dhizaini yekupomba chiteshi cheinjiniya ndeyekunyatso tarisa zvakasiyana mamiriro uye zvinodiwa, kuona mhando dzezvivakwa, kuronga zvine musoro nzvimbo dzazvo, uye kubata hukama hwavo. Kurongeka kwehubhu kunonyanya kutariswa zvichienderana nemabasa anoitwa nechiteshi chekupomba. Nzvimbo dzekupomba dzakasiyana dzinofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwakasiyana hwemabasa adzo makuru, semakamuri epombi, mapaipi ekupinza nekubuda, uye zvivakwa zvekupinda nekubuda.
Zvinoenderana zvivakwa zvekubatsira zvakaita sema culverts nemagedhi ekudzora zvinofanirwa kuenderana nebasa guru. Pamusoro pezvo, tichifunga zvinodiwa pakushandiswa kwakazara, kana paine zvinodiwa zvemigwagwa, kutakura, uye nzira yehove mukati menzvimbo yechiteshi, hukama pakati pekurongeka kwemabhiriji emigwagwa, kukiya ngarava, nzira dzehove, nezvimwewo uye chirongwa chikuru chinofanira kutariswa.
Zvinoenderana nemabasa akasiyana anoitwa nenzvimbo dzekupomba, marongerwo enzvimbo dzekupomba dzepombi anowanzo sanganisira nzira dzakati wandei, dzakadai sepombi dzekudiridza, pombi dzemvura, uye zviteshi zvekubatanidza madiridziro.
Gedhi remvura ndiro yakaderera musoro hydraulic chimiro chinoshandisa magedhi kuchengetedza mvura uye kudzora kubuda. Inowanzovakwa mumahombekombe enzizi, migero, madhamu, uye nyanza.
1, Kurongwa kwemasuwo emvura anowanzo shandiswa
Kurongwa nemabasa anoitwa nemagedhi emvura
1. Gedhi rekudzora: rakavakwa parwizi kana mugero kudzivirira mafashamo, kudzora mwero wemvura, kana kudzora kubuda kwemvura. Gedhi rekutonga riri pamugero werwizi rinozivikanwawo segedhi rinovharira rwizi.
2. Gedhi rekupinda mugedhi: Rakavakwa mujinga merwizi, dhamu, kana kuti dhamu kuti ridzore kuyerera kwemvura. Gedhi rekupinda rinozivikanwawo segedhi rekupinda kana canal head gedhi.
3. Gedhi rekutsauswa kwemafashamo: Kazhinji rinovakwa kune rimwe divi rerwizi, rinoshandiswa kuburitsa mafashamo anopfuura nzvimbo yakachengetedzeka yekuyerera kwerwizi rwezasi munzvimbo inotsauswa mafashamo (nzvimbo yekuchengetera mafashamo kana nzvimbo inovharirwa) kana nzira yekuteuka. Gedhi rekutsauswa kwemafashamo rinopfuura nemumvura mumativi ese, uye mushure memafashamo, mvura inochengetwa uye inoburitswa mumugero werwizi kubva pano.
4. Gedhi remvura: rinowanzovakwa mumahombekombe enzizi kubvisa kuyerera kwemvura kunokuvadza zvirimwa munzvimbo dziri mukati menyika kana kuti dzakadzika. Gedhi remvura ine bidirectional. Kana mvura yerwizi yakakwira kupfuura yegungwa remukati kana kuora mwoyo, gedhi remvura rinonyanya kuvhara mvura kudzivirira rwizi kubva pamvura yepurazi kana zvivako zvekugara; Kana mvura yerwizi yakaderera kupfuura yegungwa remukati kana kuora mwoyo, gedhi remvura rinonyanya kushandiswa pakuvhara mvura uye kudonha.
5. Gedhi reTidal: rakavakwa pedyo nepanoyerera mvura yegungwa, rakavharwa panguva yemafungu akakwirira kudzivirira mvura yegungwa kuti isayerera ichidzoka; Kuvhura gedhi rekuburitsa mvura pamvura yakaderera kune hunhu hwekuvharisa mvura inovirima. Magedhi eTidal akafanana nemagedhi emvura, asi anoshandiswa kakawanda. Kana mafungu ari mugungwa rokunze akakwirira kupfuura ari murwizi rwomukati, vharai suo kuti mvura yomugungwa isayerere ichipinda murwizi rwomukati; Kana mafungu ari mugungwa rakashama akadzikira kupfuura mvura yerwizi mugungwa romukati, vhura gedhi kuti usunungure mvura.
6. Gedhi rekugezera jecha (gedhi rekuyerera kwejecha): Rakavakirwa parwizi rune madhaka runoyerera, rinoshandiswa kuburitsa mavhu akaiswa pamberi pegedhi rekupinda, gedhi rekudzora, kana chiteshi chegwara.
7. Mukuwedzera, kune magedhi ekubuda kwechando uye magedhi emvura akaiswa kuti abvise zvivharo zvechando, zvinhu zvinoyangarara, nezvimwewo.
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chechimiro chekamuri yegedhi, inogona kukamurwa kuita yakavhurika mhando, mazamu emadziro emhando, uye culvert mhando, nezvimwe.
1. Rudzi rwakavhurika: Nzvimbo yemvura inoyerera nepasuwo haina kudziviswa, uye simba rekuburitsa rakakura.
2. Chimiro chemadziro ezamu: Pane chidziro chechipfuva chiri pamusoro pegedhi, chinogona kuderedza simba pagedhi panguva yekuvhara mvura uye kuwedzera amplitude yekuvhara mvura.
3. Culvert type: Pamberi pegedhi, pane yakamanikidzwa kana isina kumanikidzwa tunnel body, uye pamusoro pemugero wakafukidzwa nekuzadza ivhu. Inonyanya kushandiswa kumagedhi maduku emvura.
Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekuyerera kwegedhi, inogona kukamurwa kuita mafomu matatu: makuru, epakati, uye madiki.
Magedhi makuru emvura ane kuyerera kwepamusoro pe1000m3 / s;
Gedhi remvura rakakura pakati nepakati rine simba re 100-1000m3 / s;
Masluice madiki ane simba risingasviki 100m3/s.
2, Kuumbwa kwemagedhi emvura
Gedhi remvura rinonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: chikamu chekubatanidza kumusoro, kamuri yegedhi, uye chikamu chekubatanidza chakadzika,
Upstream yekubatanidza chikamu: Chikamu chekubatanidza chekumusoro chinoshandiswa kutungamira kuyerera kwemvura zvakanaka kupinda mukamuri yegedhi, kudzivirira mabhanga ese uye rwizi kubva mukukukurwa, uye pamwe chete nekamuri, gadzira anti-seepage pasi pevhu contour kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzivirira-seepage kugadzikana kwemabhangi ese uye gedhi hwaro pasi pemvura. Kazhinji, inosanganisira madziro emapapiro ekumusoro, pekurara, ekumusoro anti erosion grooves, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemateru pamativi ese.
Kamuri yeGedhi: Ndiyo chikamu chikuru chegedhi remvura, uye basa rayo nderekudzora chiyero chemvura uye kuyerera, pamwe chete nekudzivirira kunyura uye kukukurwa.
Chimiro chechikamu chekamuri yegedhi chinosanganisira: gedhi, gedhi pier, parutivi pier (mahombekombe emadziro), pasi ndiro, madziro ezamu, bhiriji rekushanda, bhiriji remigwagwa, hoist, nezvimwe.
Suo rinoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwegedhi; Gedhi rinoiswa pandiro yepasi pegedhi, ichitenderedza gonhi uye inotsigirwa nepier yegedhi. Gedhi rakakamurwa kuva gedhi rekugadzirisa uye gedhi rebasa.
Gedhi rekushanda rinoshandiswa pakuvhara mvura panguva yekushanda kwemaitiro uye kutonga kubuda kwekubuda;
Gedhi rekugadzirisa rinoshandiswa pakuchengetedza mvura kwenguva pfupi panguva yekugadzirisa.
Iyo gedhi pier inoshandiswa kupatsanura bay hole uye kutsigira gedhi, madziro ezamu, bhiriji rekushanda, uye traffic bhiriji.
Iyo pier yegedhi inoendesa kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunotakurwa negedhi, madziro ezamu, uye simba rekuchengetedza mvura regedhi rinobaya pacharo kundiro yepasi;
Rusvingo rwemazamu rwakaiswa pamusoro pegedhi rekushanda kuti ribatsire kuchengetedza mvura uye kuderedza zvikuru ukuru hwegedhi.
Rusvingo rwemazamu runogonawo kugadzirwa kuva rudzi runofambiswa, uye kana ukasangana nemafashamo ane njodzi, madziro ezamu anogona kuvhurwa kuti awedzere kubuda kwekuyerera.
Iyo yepasi ndiro ndiyo nheyo yekamuri, inoshandiswa kuendesa huremu uye mutoro wechimiro chepamusoro chekamuri kune hwaro. Iyo kamuri yakavakirwa panheyo yakapfava inonyanya kudzikamiswa nekukweshana pakati peplate yepasi uye hwaro, uye pasi ndiro inewo mabasa e-anti-seepage uye anti-scour.
Mabhiriji ebasa uye mabhiriji emigwagwa anoshandiswa kuisa michina yekusimudza, kushandisa magedhi, uye kubatanidza mhiri-strait traffic.
Downstream connection chikamu: inoshandiswa kubvisa simba rakasara remvura inoyerera ichipfuura nepagedhi, kutungamira kupararira kweyunifomu yemvura inoyerera kunze kwegedhi, gadzirisa kuyerera kwevelocity kugovera uye kuderedza kuderera kwekuyerera, uye kudzivirira kunyura kwepasi mushure mokunge mvura ichibuda kunze kwegedhi.
Kazhinji, inosanganisira dziva rekudzikamisa, apron, apron, yakadzika anti-scour chiteshi, madziro emapapiro ezasi, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemateru pamativi ese.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-21-2023
