Donhwe remvura rinogona sei kushandiswazve ka19? Chinyorwa chinoburitsa zvakavanzika zvekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura
Kwenguva yakareba, kugadzira magetsi emvura kwave kuri nzira inokosha yekupa magetsi. Rwizi urwu runoyerera kwezviuru zvemakiromita, ruine simba guru. Kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwesimba remvura yechisikigo mumagetsi kunonzi kugadzira magetsi emvura. Maitiro ekugadzira magetsi emvura chaizvoizvo inzira yekushandura simba.
1. Chii chinonzi pombi yekuchengetera magetsi?
Nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera magetsi dzinopomba ndiyo nzira yakasimbiswa yekuchengetedza simba ine simba rakawanda uye yakagadzirwa netekinoroji. Nekuvaka kana kushandisa matangi maviri aripo, donhwe rinoumbwa, uye magetsi akawandisa anobva musystem yemagetsi panguva yekuremerwa kwakaderera anopombwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kuti achengeterwe. Munguva yekuremerwa kwakawanda, magetsi anogadzirwa nekuburitsa mvura, inozivikanwa se "super power bank"
Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa simba rekufamba kwemvura kugadzira magetsi. Zvinowanzo gadzirwa panzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda munzizi, zvichishandisa madhamu kudzivirira kufamba kwemvura uye kugadzira matangi, ayo anozoshandura simba remvura kuita magetsi kuburikidza nematurbine emvura nemajenareta.
Zvisinei, kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi echiteshi chimwe chete chemagetsi emvura hakuna kunyanya kukwira nekuti mushure mekunge mvura yayerera nechiteshi chemagetsi emvura, kuchine simba rakawanda remagetsi risingashandiswe. Kana nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemagetsi emvura dzikakwanisa kubatanidzwa mumatanho akasiyana kuti dzigadzire system ye cascade, donhwe remvura rinogona kuvhurwa kakawanda pakukwirira kwakasiyana, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunze kwekugadzira magetsi? Kutaura zvazviri, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunewo kukosha kukuru pakukura kwehupfumi nemagariro evanhu munharaunda.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunogona kukurudzira kuvaka kwezvivakwa zvemunharaunda uye kukura kwemaindasitiri. Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunoda vanhu vakawanda, zviwanikwa, uye mari yekudyara, izvo zvinopa mikana yemabasa munharaunda uye kudiwa kwemusika, zvinotungamira kukura kwecheni dzemaindasitiri dzakabatana, uye zvinowedzera mari yemuno. Semuenzaniso, mari yese inodyarwa muchirongwa cheWudongde Hydropower Station inosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri emadhora, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira mari yekudyara yemunharaunda inosvika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora emadhora kusvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri nemashanu emadhora emadhora. Munguva yekuvaka, avhareji yekuwedzera kwevashandi pagore inosvika vanhu vanosvika zviuru zvisere, zvichigadzira simba idzva rekusimudzira hupfumi hwemunharaunda.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunogona kuvandudza nharaunda yenharaunda uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura hakufanirwe kungotevedzera mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza, asiwo kuita kudzoreredza nekuchengetedza nharaunda, kubereka nekusunungura hove dzisingawanzoonekwi, kuvandudza nzvimbo dzemurwizi, uye kukurudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kubva pakagadzwa Wudongde Hydropower Station, hove dzinopfungaira dzinopfuura 780000 dzakadai se split belly fish, white turtle, long thin loach, uye bass carp dzakaburitswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunodawo kutamiswa nekugariswa kwevatorwa, izvo zvinopa mamiriro ekugara ari nani nemikana yekusimudzira vanhu veko. Semuenzaniso, Qiaojia County ndiyo nzvimbo yeBaihetan Hydropower Station, inosanganisira kutamiswa nekugariswa kwevanhu 48563. Qiaojia County yakashandura nzvimbo yekugarazve kuita nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekugarazve mumaguta, zvivakwa zvakavandudzwa nenzvimbo dzebasa reveruzhinji, uye yakavandudza hupenyu nemufaro wevatorwa.
Nzvimbo yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemvura haisi nzvimbo yemagetsi chete, asiwo inzvimbo inobatsira. Haingopi simba rakachena chete kunyika, asi inounzawo budiriro yezvakatipoteredza munharaunda. Iyi inzvimbo inobatsira vose uye inofanirwa kukosheswa uye kudzidzwa.
2, Mhando dzekutanga dzekugadzira magetsi emvura
Nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa dzekudonhedza mvura yakawanda dzinosanganisira kuvaka madhamu, kutsausa mvura, kana kusanganisa zvese zviri zviviri.
Vaka dhamu muchikamu cherwizi chine donhwe guru, gadzira dziva rekuchengetera mvura uye kusimudzira mwero wemvura, isa turbine yemvura kunze kwedhamu, uye mvura inobva mudziva inoyerera nemunzira yekufambisa mvura (diversion channel) ichienda kuturbine yemvura iri pasi pedhamu. Mvura inosunda turbine kuti itenderere uye itungamire jenareta kuti igadzire magetsi, uye yozoyerera nemunzira yemumugwagwa kuenda kurwizi rwuri pasi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuvaka dhamu uye kuvaka dziva rekuumba magetsi.
Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru wemvura pakati pemvura iri mudhamu iri mukati medhamu neinobuda mvura ye hydraulic turbine iri kunze kwedhamu, mvura yakawanda iri mudhamu inogona kushandiswa pabasa kuburikidza nesimba guru, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mvura ishandiswe zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo yemagetsi inogadzirwa nekushandisa nzira yekudzikisa mvura mudhamu inonzi nzvimbo yemagetsi yedhamu, kunyanya inosanganisira nzvimbo dzemagetsi edhamu nenzvimbo dzemagetsi edhamu.
Kugadzira dziva rekuchengetera mvura nekusimudzira mwero wemvura munzvimbo dzekumusoro dzerwizi, kuisa turbine yemvura munzvimbo dzepasi, uye kutsausa mvura kubva mudziva rekumusoro kuenda kuturbine yemvura yepasi kuburikidza negwara rekutsausa. Kuyerera kwemvura kunoita kuti turbine itenderere uye itungamire jenareta kuti igadzire magetsi, uye yozopfuura nemugwara remushure memvura kuenda kunzvimbo dzepasi dzerwizi. Gwara rekutsausa richareba uye richapfuura nemugomo, inova nzira yekutsausa mvura nekugadzira magetsi.
Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru wehuwandu hwemvura H0 pakati penzvimbo yedhishi remvura iri kumusoro nenzvimbo yekubuda kweturbine iri pasi, mvura yakawanda iri mudhishi inoshanda nesimba guru, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti pave nekushandisa simba rakawanda remvura. Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa nzira yekuchinja mvura inonzi nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinochinja mvura, dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinochinja mvura dzinochinja mvura dzinoshandiswa nepressure diversion uye nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzisingapindi mvura dzinochinja mvura.
3. Ungawana sei "kudzokororwazve kwedonhwe remvura ka19"?
Zvinonzwisisika kuti Nanshan Hydropower Station yakapedzwa zviri pamutemo ndokutanga kushanda musi wa30 Gumiguru 2019, iri panosangana Yanyuan County neButuo County muLiangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Huwandu hwese hwenzvimbo iyi yemagetsi emvura hunosvika 102000 megawatts, inova chirongwa chemagetsi emvura chinoshandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura, simba remhepo, uye simba rezuva. Uye chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti nzvimbo iyi yemagetsi emvura haingogadzi magetsi chete, asiwo inoita kuti zviwanikwa zvemvura zvishande zvakanaka kuburikidza nenzira dzetekinoroji. Inoshandisa donhwe remvura kakawanda ka19, ichigadzira mamwe maawa emagetsi e34.1 bhiriyoni, zvichigadzira zvishamiso zvakawanda mumunda wekugadzira magetsi emvura.
Chekutanga, Nanshan Hydropower Station inoshandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira simba remvura, iyo inoshandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura, simba remhepo, uye simba rezuva, uye inoita kuti pave nekushanda pamwe chete nenzira dzetekinoroji, nokudaro ichizadzisa budiriro inoenderera mberi.
Chechipiri, nzvimbo iyi inopa matekinoroji epamusoro akadai sekuongorora data guru, huchenjeri hwekugadzira, uye Internet of Things kuti ikwanise kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semayuniti, mwero wemvura, musoro, uye kuyerera kwemvura, kuitira kuti ivandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo iyi. Semuenzaniso, nekugadzira tekinoroji yekutevera nekudzora mashandiro emagetsi nguva dzose, nzvimbo iyi inoita kuti mvura ishandiswe zvakanyanya uku ichivimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka, ichizadzisa chinangwa chekugadzirisa nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuburikidza nekugadzirisa magetsi. Panguva imwe chete, kana mwero wemvura mudura wakaderera, nzvimbo dzinopa magetsi dzinogadzira nzira yekutonga inochinja-chinja kuti dura rideredze kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemvura, rivandudze kushanda kwemagetsi, uye riwedzere kugona kugadzira magetsi zvinobudirira.
Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini yakanaka kwazvo yeNanshan Hydropower Station inokoshawo. Inoshandisa turbine yemvura yePM (Pelton Michel turbine), iyo inozivikanwa nekuti kana mvura ikapfapfaidzwa paimpeller, nzvimbo yemuromo wemuromo uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unoenda kuimpeller zvinogona kugadziriswa nekutenderera, kuitira kuti zvienderane negwara nekumhanya kwewater spray negwara rekutenderera nekumhanya kweimpeller, zvichiwedzera kushanda kwemagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, matekinoroji epamusoro akadai se multi-point water spraying technology uye kuwedzerwa kwezvikamu zvinotenderera zvakashandiswa, zvichivandudza zvikuru kushanda kwemagetsi.
Chekupedzisira, Nanshan Hydropower Station inoshandisawo tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba. Nzvimbo dzekurasira mvura dzinoshandiswa nekukurumidza dzakawedzerwa munzvimbo yekuchengetera mvura. Kuburikidza nedura rekuchengetera mvura, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogona kukamurwa kuita nguva dzakasiyana, zvichiita mabasa akawanda akadai sekugadzira mvura nekufambisa simba, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinoshandiswa zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka.
Zvose zviri zviviri, chikonzero chakaita kuti Nanshan Hydropower Station ibudirire pachinangwa che "kushandisazve ka19 padonhwe remvura" imhaka yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira simba remvura, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano, nzira dzekutarisira dzinoshanda, dhizaini yakanaka, uye tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba yakasiyana. Izvi hazvingounzi mazano matsva nemamodheru ekusimudzira indasitiri yesimba remvura, asiwo zvinopa mienzaniso inobatsira uye kurudziro yekusimudzira indasitiri yesimba remvura muChina.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-14-2023
