Donhwe remvura ringashandiswazve sei ka19? Chinyorwa chinoburitsa zvakavanzika zvekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi
Kwenguva yakareba, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura yave iri nzira yakakosha yekugovera magetsi. Rwizi urwu runoyerera kwezviuru zvemakiromita, rune simba guru. Kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba remvura yakasikwa mumagetsi kunonzi kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Maitiro ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi inzira yekushandura simba.
1, Chii chinonzi pumped storage power station?
Pumped storage power stations parizvino ndiyo yakanyanya kusimba tekinoroji uye yakagadzikana yakakwirira-yekugona kuchengetedza simba nzira. Nekuvaka kana kushandisa madhirigi maviri aripo, donho rinoumbwa, uye yakawedzera magetsi kubva kusimba remagetsi panguva yakaderera mitoro inopombwa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kuti dzichengeterwe. Munguva yekuremerwa kwepamusoro, magetsi anogadzirwa nekuburitsa mvura, inozivikanwa se "super power bank"
Zviteshi zveHydropower zvivakwa zvinoshandisa kinetic simba rekuyerera kwemvura kugadzira magetsi. Anowanzo kuvakwa panzvimbo dzakakwirira munzizi, achishandisa madhamu kuti avhare kuyerera kwemvura uye kugadzira madhamu, ayo anozoshandura simba remvura kuita magetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi emvura uye majenareta.
Zvakadaro, kugona kugadzira magetsi kwechiteshi chegetsi chimwe chete hakuna kukwirisa nekuti mushure mekunge mvura yayerera nemuchiteshi chemagetsi emvura, pachine simba rekinetic rakawanda rasara risiri kushandiswa. Kana akawanda hydropower zviteshi zvichigona kubatanidzwa munhevedzano kuti iite cascade system, donhwe remvura rinogona kuvhurwa kakawanda pahurefu hwakasiyana, nekudaro kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira magetsi.
Ndedzipi mabhenefiti ezviteshi zvehydropower kunze kwekugadzira magetsi? Muchokwadi, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura zvakare kune kukosha kwakakosha pakusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika nemagariro.
Kune rimwe divi, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunogona kufambisa kuvaka zvivakwa zvemuno uye kusimudzira maindasitiri. Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunoda huwandu hukuru hwevashandi, zviwanikwa zvekushandisa, uye kudyara kwemari, izvo zvinopa mikana yemabasa emuno uye kudiwa kwemusika, kunofambisa kuvandudzwa kwecheni dzemaindasitiri, uye kuwedzera mari yemuno. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwekudyara kweWudongde Hydropower Station purojekiti ingangoita 120 bhiriyoni yuan, iyo inogona kufambisa mari yedunhu inoenderana ne100 bhiriyoni yuan kusvika 125 bhiriyoni yuan. Munguva yekuvaka, avhareji yekuwedzera kwegore yebasa ndeye 70000 vanhu, vachigadzira nyowani yekufambisa simba rekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika.
Kune rimwe divi, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunogona kuvandudza nharaunda yenharaunda uye kugara kwevanhu. Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura hakufanire kungotevedzera zvakaomesesa zvemamiriro ekunze, asiwo kuita kudzoreredza nekuchengetedza ecology, kubereka uye kuburitsa hove dzisingawanzo, kuvandudza nzvimbo dzenzizi, uye kusimudzira zvipenyu. Semuyenzaniso, kubva pakavambwa Wudongde Hydropower Station, zvinopfuura 780000 zvisingawanzo hove zvehove senge hove yakatsemuka, chena turtle, refu nhete loach, uye bass carp zvakaburitswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvegetsi zvinodawo kutamiswa uye kugariswa patsva kwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvinopa mamiriro ekugara ari nani nemikana yebudiriro kuvanhu veko. Semuyenzaniso, Qiaojia County inzvimbo yeBaihetan Hydropower Station, inosanganisira kutamiswa uye kugariswa patsva kwevanhu mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu nenhatu. Dunhu reQiaojia rakashandura nzvimbo yekugariswa vanhu patsva kuita nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekugariswa kwevanhu mumaguta, zvivakwa zvakavandudzwa uye nzvimbo dzekushandira veruzhinji, uye kusimudzira hupenyu nemufaro wevatorwa.
Chiteshi chemagetsi emvura hachingori gwenya remagetsi, asiwo chirimwa chinobatsira. Haisi kungopa simba rakachena kune nyika, asiwo inounza budiriro yakasvibira kunzvimbo yeko. Iyi inguva yekukunda-kukunda iyo inofanirwa kukoshesa uye kudzidza kwedu.
2, Mhando dzekutanga dzemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira
Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekudonhedza zvakanyanya dzinosanganisira kuvaka madhamu, kuchinjisa mvura, kana musanganiswa wezvose.
Vaka dhamu muchikamu cherwizi chine donho rakakura, gadzira dhamu rekuchengetedza mvura uye kusimudza mwero wemvura, isa turbine yemvura kunze kwedhamu, uye mvura inobva mudhamu inoyerera nemugero rekufambisira mvura (diversion channel) kuenda kune turbine yemvura pazasi pedhamu. Mvura inotyaira turbine kuti itenderere uye kutyaira jenareta kuti ibudise magetsi, uye yobva yayerera nemunzira yetailrace kuenda kurwizi rwezasi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuvaka dhamu uye kuvaka dura rekugadzira magetsi.
Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru wemvura pakati penzvimbo yemvura yedhamu mukati medhamu uye nzvimbo yekubuda kweiyo hydraulic turbine kunze kwedhamu, mvura yakawanda iri mudhamu inogona kushandiswa kushanda kuburikidza nehukuru hunogona simba, hunogona kuwana huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushandiswa kwemvura. Chiteshi chemagetsi chemvura chakavambwa pachishandiswa nzira yekudonhera pasi mukuvaka madhamu inonzi dhamu remhando yehydropower station, kunyanya ine madhamu emhando yehydropower stations uye riverbed type hydropower stations.
Kugadzira dhamu rekuchengetera mvura uye kusimudza mwero wemvura munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzerwizi, kuisa turbine yemvura munzvimbo dzezasi, uye kutsausa mvura kubva kudhamu repamusoro kuenda kune rezasi remvura turbine kuburikidza nemugero wekuchinjisa. Kuyerera kwemvura kunoita kuti turbine itenderere uye kutyaira jenareta kuti igadzire magetsi, uye yobva yapfuura nemunzira yetailrace ichienda kuzasi kwerwizi. Mugero wekutsaudzira uchange wakareba uye uchipfuura nemugomo, inova nzira yekutsausa mvura uye kugadzira magetsi.
Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru wemvura weH0 pakati penzvimbo yedhamu repamusoro uye nzvimbo yakadzika yeturbine yekubuda pamusoro, mvura yakawanda iri mudhamu inoshanda kuburikidza nehukuru hunogona simba, hunogona kuwana huwandu hwemvura yekushandisa zvakanaka. Magetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoshandisa yakanyura musoro wemvura nzira yekuchinjisa anodaidzwa kuti diversion type hydropower stations, kunyanya zvinosanganisira pressure diversion type hydropower stations uye non pressure diversion type hydropower stations.
3, Nzira yekuwana sei "nguva gumi nepfumbamwe kushandiswazve kwedonhwe remvura"?
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti Nanshan Hydropower Station yakapedzwa zviri pamutemo ikatanga kushanda muna Gumiguru 30, 2019, iri pamharadzano yeYanyuan County neButuo County muLiangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Huwandu hwakaisirwa huwandu hwechiteshi chemagetsi i102000 megawatts, inova chirongwa chemagetsi emagetsi chinoshandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura, simba remhepo, uye simba rezuva. Uye chinonyanya kubata maziso ndechekuti iyi hydropower station haingoburitse magetsi chete, asi zvakare inowana kugona kwekupedzisira kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kuburikidza nenzira dzehunyanzvi. Inoramba ichishandisa donho remvura 19 nguva, ichigadzira imwezve 34.1 bhiriyoni kilowatt maawa emagetsi, ichigadzira zvishamiso zvakawanda mumunda wekugadzira hydropower.
Chekutanga, Nanshan Hydropower Station inotora tekinoroji inotungamira pasirese hydropower yekugadzira tekinoroji, iyo inoshandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura, simba remhepo, uye simba rezuva, uye inowana yakarongeka optimization uye kubatana kuburikidza nenzira dzetekinoroji, nekudaro kuwana budiriro inoenderera.
Kechipiri, chiteshi chemagetsi chehydropower chinounza matekinoroji ekucheka-kumucheto akadai sekuongorora kukuru kwedata, hungwaru hwekunyepedzera, uye Internet yeZvinhu kuti itore zvakanaka zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge unit paramita, nhanho yemvura, musoro, uye kuyerera kwemvura, kuitira kuvandudza mashandiro eiyo hydropower station. Semuyenzaniso, nekumisikidza inogara ichitsikirira musoro otomatiki yekutevera uye yekudzora tekinoroji, iyo turbine yemvura jenareta unit inowedzera kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura ichisimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka, kuzadzisa chinangwa chekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera simba rekugadzira kuburikidza nekugadzirisa musoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana mwero wemvura wakadzikira, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogadzira dhizaini yekutonga yedhamu kuti inonoke mwero wekuderera kwemvura, kunatsiridza kudzokorodza kushanda zvakanaka, uye zvinobudirira kuwedzera simba rekugadzira magetsi.
Uye zvakare, iyo yakanakisa dhizaini yeNanshan Hydropower Station zvakare yakakosha. Iyo inotora PM turbine yemvura (Pelton Michel turbine), iyo inoratidzwa nenyaya yekuti kana mvura ikapfapfaidzwa pane impeller, iyo mhiri-chikamu nzvimbo yemhino uye chiyero chekuyerera ichienda kune impeller inogona kugadziridzwa nekutenderera, kuitira kuti ienderane negwara uye nekumhanyisa kwemvura yekupfapfaidza nekutenderera uye nekumhanya kweiyo impeller, kuwedzera simba rekugadzira simba. Uye zvakare, matekinoroji epamberi akadai senge multi-point mvura yekupfapfaidza tekinoroji uye kuwedzerwa kwezvikamu zvinotenderera zvakagamuchirwa, zvakanyanya kuvandudza simba rekugadzira simba.
Chekupedzisira, iyo Nanshan Hydropower Station zvakare inotora yakasarudzika simba rekuchengetedza tekinoroji. Seti yenzvimbo dzekukurumidzira dzemvura dzemvura dzakawedzerwa munzvimbo yekuisa mvura. Kuburikidza nedziva rekuchengetera mvura, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogona kukamurwa kuita nguva dzakasiyana, kuita mabasa akawanda akadai sekugadzira mvura uye kutapurirana magetsi, uye kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwehupfumi uye kwakachengeteka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura.
Pakazere, chikonzero nei Nanshan Hydropower Station yawana chinangwa che "kushandisazve kagumi nepfumbamwe padonhwe remvura" imhaka yezvikonzero zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira tekinoroji inotungamira pasirese yekugadzira hydropower tekinoroji, kushandisa tekinoroji yekucheka-kumucheto, nzira dzekutonga dzinoshanda, dhizaini yakanaka, uye yakasarudzika tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba. Izvi hazvingounzi mazano matsva uye mhando dzekusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi, asi inopawo zviratidzo zvinobatsira uye kurudziro yekusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemagetsi yeChina.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-14-2023
