Avhareji yekukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusvika 90%. Kuongorora kuti simba remagetsi madiki rinogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudzwa kwekuvaka masisitimu matsva esimba pasi pemamiriro ekupisa nekupisa.
Simba remagetsi madiki rinoshandisa mvura rakaita basa guru mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa muChina, richitsigira budiriro yehupfumi nemagariro evanhu kumaruwa, uye richigadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Parizvino, avhareji yekukura kwezviwanikwa zvemagetsi madiki muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusvika 90%. Chinangwa chekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki chinoshanduka kubva pakukura zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda pakuchera nekutarisirwa kwezviwanikwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutori wenhau akabvunzurudza Dr. Xu Jincai, Mutungamiriri weInternational Small Hydropower Center yeMinistry of Water Resources uye Mutungamiriri weHydroelectric Power Special Committee yeChinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti vaongorore kuti simba remagetsi madiki rinogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi nekuvandudzwa kwekuvakwa kwesimba idzva pasi pesimba recarbon peak uye carbon neutralite.
Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, nyika 136 dzakaronga zvinangwa zvekusabvisa kabhoni, zvichifukidza 88% yemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni dioxide pasi rose, 90% yeGDP, uye 85% yevanhu. Mafambiro ese ekuchinja kwepasi rose kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushanduka kwekabhoni shoma haagone kumisa. China yakarongawo kutora mitemo yakasimba uye matanho, ichivavarira kuwedzera kuburitsa kabhoni dioxide panosvika 2030 uye kuedza kuwana kusava nekabhoni nekunze panosvika 2060.
Magasi anodarika 70% egasi rinopisa pasi rose anokonzerwa nesimba, uye dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoda kuti titonge zvakasimba magasi anopisa pasi rose. China ndiyo inogadzira uye inoshandisa simba zvakanyanya pasi rose, ichipa chikamu chimwe muzvishanu nechikamu chimwe muzvina chesimba rinogadzirwa uye rinoshandiswa pasi rose, zvichiteerana. Hunhu hwesimba iri hwakapfuma mumarasha, mafuta mashoma, uye gasi shoma. Kutsamira kwekunze kwemafuta negasi rechisikigo kunodarika 70% ne40% zvichiteerana.
Zvisinei, kukurumidza kwekukura kwesimba rinodzokororwa muChina mumakore achangopfuura kuri pachena kune wese munhu. Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, simba rese resimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa rakapfuura mabhiriyoni 1.2 emawatts, uye simba rese resimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa pasi rose raive mabhiriyoni 3.3 emawatts. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti anopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa rakabva kuChina. Indasitiri yesimba rakachena muChina yakagadzira mukana wekutungamira pasi rose, nezvikamu zvakakosha zvakaita se photovoltaic nemhepo zvinoita 70% yemusika wepasi rose.
Kukurumidza kukura kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuchada zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvekutonga, uye mabhenefiti ekutonga esimba rinodzokororwa achawedzerawo kuzivikanwa. Simba rinodzokororwa nemvura ndiyo tekinoroji yesimba rinodzokororwa rakura uye ichaita basa rakanaka mukusapindira kwekabhoni pasi rose. Mukupindura, hurumende yeUS inoronga kuisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu emadhora mukuvandudza nekuvandudza mayuniti esimba rinodzokororwa mumvura munyika yese, ichinyanya kutarisa pakugadzirisa simba rinodzokororwa nemvura uye kuvandudza mashandiro aro.
Kunyangwe simba diki remvura richiratidza chikamu chidiki muindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina, richiri kukosha zvikuru. Kune nzvimbo dzinopfuura chiuru dzemagetsi emvura muChina dzine nzvimbo yekuchengetera inosvika 100000 cubic metres kana kupfuura, idzo dziri nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetera simba dzakagoverwa uye zviwanikwa zvemitemo zvinogona kutsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba idzva remunharaunda kuburikidza nekubatanidza grid.
Kukura kwemagetsi madiki emvura uye kugara pamwe chete kwezvakatipoteredza
Zvichienderana nepfungwa yekuti simba remagetsi madiki rinosvika papi uye kuti harina simba rekushandisa simba remagetsi, nzira yekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki yachinja kuenda pakugadzirisa simba remagetsi matsva uye kuwana hukama hwakanaka pakati pekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza. Chirongwa Chekuita cheCarbon Peak pamberi pa2030 chinoratidza zvakajeka kuti kukurumidzisa kukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki rinosvika papi sechikamu chakakosha chekuchinja simba remagetsi nekushanda nesimba rine simba shoma.
Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakaita mabasa akawanda mukushandura nekuvandudza magetsi madiki emvura. Chimwe chacho ndechekushandura simba remagetsi madiki emvura. Hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 8.5 eyuan muchirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nembiri, ichipedzisa kuwedzera simba remagetsi emvura ekumaruwa 4300. Hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 4.6 eyuan muchirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nematatu, ichipedzisa kuwedzera simba remagetsi emvura anopfuura 2100 mumatunhu makumi maviri nemaviri, uye kushandura zvakatipoteredza nekudzoreredza nzizi dzinopfuura 1300. Muna 2017, International Small Hydropower Center yakaronga kuiswa kwechirongwa che "Global Environment Facility" China Small Hydropower Efficiency Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion, and Transformation value-added project. Parizvino, basa rekuyedza rapera kumapurojekiti gumi nemapfumbamwe mumatunhu masere, uye ruzivo rwuri kupfupikiswa kuti ruwadzane nedzimwe nyika.
Chechipiri ndechekuchenesa nekugadziriswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kwakaitwa neBazi reMvura kuti vadzorere kubatana kwerwizi, kuderedza kushaya mvura mumuviri, uye kugadzirisa zvikamu zverwizi. Kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2020, Yangtze River Economic Belt yakachenesa nekugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzinopfuura 25000 dzemagetsi emvura, uye nzvimbo dzinopfuura 21000 dzemagetsi dzakashandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza nharaunda zvichienderana nemitemo uye dzakabatanidzwa kune dzakasiyana-siyana dzemitemo. Parizvino, kuchenesa nekugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzinopfuura 2800 dzemagetsi emvura muYellow River Basin kuri kuenderera mberi.
Chechitatu ndechekugadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvegirini. Kubva pakagadzwa zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvegirini muna 2017, kusvika pakupera kwegore rapfuura, China yagadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvegirini zvinopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe. Mazuva ano, kushandurwa kwegirini nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki egirini kwave mutemo wenyika. Zviteshi zvakawanda zvidiki zvemagetsi mumapurovhinzi akasiyana-siyana nemaguta zvakagadzirisa mitemo yemagetsi madiki egirini, zvakavandudza nzvimbo dzekuburitsa mvura nekutarisa kuyerera kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvakatanga kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza murwizi. Nekugadzira boka rezviteshi zvemagetsi madiki egirini, chinangwa chedu ndechekukurumidzisa kuvandudzwa kwemhando yepamusoro kwekushanduka kwegirini mumipata yenzizi, matunhu, uye kunyange indasitiri yemagetsi madiki egirini.
Chechina ndechekuvandudza zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi. Parizvino, zviteshi zvakawanda zvidiki zvemagetsi zvakachinja nzira yakajairika yekushanda kwakazvimirira uye kwakaparadzaniswa kwechiteshi chimwe chete, uye zviri kugadzira nzira yakabatana yekushanda kwezvikamu zvezviteshi zvemagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana kana kuti nzvimbo dzakadzikira.
Kare, kuvaka simba remagetsi madiki emvura kwaive nechinangwa chekupa magetsi uye kuwana magetsi kumaruwa. Kuchinja kuri kuitwa simba remagetsi madiki emvura kwaive nechinangwa chekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzeka, uye mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yemagetsi, uye kuwana shanduko yemhando yepamusoro yegirini. Kubudirira kwakasimba kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura mune ramangwana kuchaita basa rakasiyana mukutonga kwekuchengetwa kwesimba, zvichibatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa che "dual carbon".
Tichitarisa mberi, nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi dziripo dzinogona kushandurwa kuita nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakupomba kuti dzikurudzire kushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve uye kuita kuti shanduko yemagetsi madiki anoshandiswa pakupomba ive yegirini. Semuenzaniso, muna Chivabvu gore rapera, mushure mekugadziriswazve kwenzvimbo yemagetsi inofambiswa nekupomba yeChunchangba muXiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakupomba, photovoltaic, uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakupomba kwakaumbwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, magetsi emvura nesimba idzva zvine simba rakawanda, uye nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi emvura dzine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwakawanda, nehuwandu hukuru husina basa rakanaka mukudzora kuwanikwa kwemagetsi. Nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi emvura dzinogona kutora chikamu muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvepamhepo kuti zvibatanidzwe pamwe chete mukugadzirisa kutonga kwekushanda uye kutengeserana kwemusika, zvichipa masevhisi ekubatsira akadai sekugera peak, kudzora frequency, uye backup yegrid yemagetsi.
Imwe mukana usingafanirwe kufuratirwa ndeyekuti kusanganiswa kwesimba remagetsi nemvura nezvitupa zvegirini, magetsi egirini, uye kutengeserana nekabhoni kuchaunza kukosha kutsva. Tichitora chitupa chegirini chepasi rose semuenzaniso, muna 2022, takatanga kugadzira zvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose zvesimba remagetsi madiki. Takasarudza zviteshi zvemagetsi gumi nemapfumbamwe muLishui Demonstration Zone yeInternational Small Hydropower Center sekuratidzira kuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose, uye takapedzisa kunyoresa, kuburitsa, uye kutengeserana kwezvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose zvinosvika 140000 zvekutanga zvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvitanhatu. Parizvino, pakati pezvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose zvakaita sesimba remhepo, photovoltaic, uye simba remvura, simba remvura ndiro purojekiti ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuburitsa, ine simba remvura diki rinosvika 23%. Zvitupa zvegirini, magetsi egirini, uye kutengeserana nekabhoni zvinoratidza kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza kwemapurojekiti matsva esimba, zvichibatsira kuumba sisitimu yemusika uye nzira yenguva refu yekugadzira nekushandisa simba regirini.
Chekupedzisira, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura muChina kunogonawo kubatsira mukuvandudzwa kwemaruwa. Gore rino, China iri kuita "Mushandirapamwe weMasimba Emhepo weZviuru zveMisha neMataundi" uye "Mushandirapamwe weMasimba Emhepo weZviuru zveMadzimba" kukurudzira zvishoma nezvishoma kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi edenga rakapararira mudunhu rese, kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena kumaruwa, uye kuita kuvaka kwekuedza kwekuchinja kwesimba rekumaruwa. Simba diki remvura isimba rinodzokororwazve rine mabasa akasiyana ekuchengetedza simba uye kutonga, uye zvakare chigadzirwa chezvakatipoteredza chiri nyore kuwana shanduko yekukosha munzvimbo dzemakomo. Inogona kukurudzira kushandurwa kwesimba rekumaruwa rakachena uye risina kabhoni uye kubatsira kukurudzira kubudirira kwakajairika.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-07-2023
