Avhareji yekukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusvika 90%. Kuongorora kuti simba remagetsi madiki rinogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudzwa kwekuvaka masisitimu matsva esimba pasi pemamiriro ekupisa nekupisa.
Simba remagetsi madiki rinoshandisa mvura rakaita basa guru mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa muChina, richitsigira budiriro yehupfumi nemagariro evanhu kumaruwa, uye richigadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Parizvino, avhareji yekukura kwezviwanikwa zvemagetsi madiki muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusvika 90%. Chinangwa chekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki chinoshanduka kubva pakukura zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda pakuchera nekutarisirwa kwezviwanikwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutori wenhau akabvunzurudza Dr. Xu Jincai, Mutungamiriri weInternational Small Hydropower Center yeMinistry of Water Resources uye Mutungamiriri weHydroelectric Power Special Committee yeChinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti vaongorore kuti simba remagetsi madiki rinogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi nekuvandudzwa kwekuvakwa kwesimba idzva pasi pesimba recarbon peak uye carbon neutralite.
Kutsigira kubatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwesimba idzva remunharaunda mugrid
Nhau dzeSimba reChina: Simba remvura diki rinoita basa rei mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekusashandisa kabhoni?
Xu Jincai: Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, nyika 136 dzakapa zvinangwa zvekusabvisa kabhoni, zvichifukidza 88% yemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni dioxide pasi rose, 90% yeGDP, uye 85% yevanhu. Mafambiro ese ekuchinja kwepasi rose kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushanduka kwekabhoni shoma haagone kumisa. China yakapawo zano rekushandisa mitemo yakasimba nematanho, ichivavarira kuwedzera kuburitsa kabhoni dioxide panosvika 2030 uye kuedza kuwana kusava nekabhoni nepakati panosvika 2060.
Zvinopfuura 70% zvemagasi epasi rose anokonzera kudziya kwepasi rose zvine chekuita nesimba. Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoti tinofanira kudzora zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemagasi epasi rose. China ndiyo inogadzira uye inoshandisa simba zvakanyanya pasi rose, ichipa chikamu chimwe muzvishanu nechikamu chimwe muzvina chesimba repasi rose rinogadzirwa uye rinoshandiswa, zvichiteerana. Hunhu hwesimba iri hwakapfuma mumarasha, mafuta mashoma, uye gasi shoma. Kutsamira kwekunze kwemafuta negasi rechisikigo kunodarika 70% ne40% zvichiteerana.
Zvisinei, kukurumidza kwekukura kwesimba rinodzokororwa muChina mumakore achangopfuura kuri pachena kune wese munhu. Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, simba rese resimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa rakapfuura mabhiriyoni 1.2 emawatts, uye simba rese resimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa pasi rose raive mabhiriyoni 3.3 emawatts. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti anopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa rakabva kuChina. Indasitiri yesimba rakachena muChina yakagadzira mukana wekutungamira pasi rose, nezvikamu zvakakosha zvakaita se photovoltaic nemhepo zvinoita 70% yemusika wepasi rose.
Kukurumidza kukura kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuchada zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvekutonga, uye mabhenefiti ekutonga esimba rinodzokororwa achawedzerawo kuzivikanwa. Simba rinodzokororwa nemvura ndiyo tekinoroji yesimba rinodzokororwa rakura uye ichaita basa rakanaka mukusapindira kwekabhoni pasi rose. Mukupindura, hurumende yeUS inoronga kuisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu emadhora mukuvandudza nekuvandudza mayuniti esimba rinodzokororwa mumvura munyika yese, ichinyanya kutarisa pakugadzirisa simba rinodzokororwa nemvura uye kuvandudza mashandiro aro.
Kunyangwe simba diki remvura richiratidza chikamu chidiki muindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina, richiri kukosha zvikuru. Kune nzvimbo dzinopfuura chiuru dzemagetsi emvura muChina dzine nzvimbo yekuchengetera inosvika 100000 cubic metres kana kupfuura, idzo dziri nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetera simba dzakagoverwa uye zviwanikwa zvemitemo zvinogona kutsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba idzva remunharaunda kuburikidza nekubatanidza grid.
Kukura kwemagetsi madiki emvura uye kugara pamwe chete kwezvakatipoteredza
Nhau dzeSimba reChina: Munoona sei tsika yekushandura nharaunda nekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki emvura muChina?
Xu Jincai: Panyaya yekukwira kwesimba remhepo ine kabhoni uye kusapindira kwekabhoni, nzira yekukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura yakachinja kuenda pakuchinjika pakuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi uye kuwana hukama hwakanaka pakati pekukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura nenzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza. Chirongwa Chekuita cheCarbon Peak pamberi pa2030 chinoratidza zvakajeka kuti kukurumidzisa kukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura sechikamu chakakosha chekuchinja simba remagetsi ane kabhoni shoma.
Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakaita mabasa akawanda mukushandura nekuvandudza magetsi madiki emvura. Chimwe chacho ndechekushandura simba remagetsi madiki emvura. Hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 8.5 eyuan muchirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nembiri, ichipedzisa kuwedzera simba remagetsi emvura ekumaruwa 4300. Hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 4.6 eyuan muchirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nematatu, ichipedzisa kuwedzera simba remagetsi emvura anopfuura 2100 mumatunhu makumi maviri nemaviri, uye kushandura zvakatipoteredza nekudzoreredza nzizi dzinopfuura 1300. Muna 2017, International Small Hydropower Center yakaronga kuiswa kwechirongwa che "Global Environment Facility" China Small Hydropower Efficiency Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion, and Transformation value-added project. Parizvino, basa rekuyedza rapera kumapurojekiti gumi nemapfumbamwe mumatunhu masere, uye ruzivo rwuri kupfupikiswa kuti ruwadzane nedzimwe nyika.
Chechipiri ndechekuchenesa nekugadziriswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kwakaitwa neBazi reMvura kuti vadzorere kubatana kwerwizi, kuderedza kushaya mvura mumuviri, uye kugadzirisa zvikamu zverwizi. Kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2020, Yangtze River Economic Belt yakachenesa nekugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzinopfuura 25000 dzemagetsi emvura, uye nzvimbo dzinopfuura 21000 dzemagetsi dzakashandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza nharaunda zvichienderana nemitemo uye dzakabatanidzwa kune dzakasiyana-siyana dzemitemo. Parizvino, kuchenesa nekugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzinopfuura 2800 dzemagetsi emvura muYellow River Basin kuri kuenderera mberi.
Chechitatu ndechekugadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvegirini. Kubva pakagadzwa zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvegirini muna 2017, kusvika pakupera kwegore rapfuura, China yagadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvegirini zvinopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe. Mazuva ano, kushandurwa kwegirini nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki egirini kwave mutemo wenyika. Zviteshi zvakawanda zvidiki zvemagetsi mumapurovhinzi akasiyana-siyana nemaguta zvakagadzirisa mitemo yemagetsi madiki egirini, zvakavandudza nzvimbo dzekuburitsa mvura nekutarisa kuyerera kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvakatanga kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza murwizi. Nekugadzira boka rezviteshi zvemagetsi madiki egirini, chinangwa chedu ndechekukurumidzisa kuvandudzwa kwemhando yepamusoro kwekushanduka kwegirini mumipata yenzizi, matunhu, uye kunyange indasitiri yemagetsi madiki egirini.
Chechina ndechekuvandudza zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi. Parizvino, zviteshi zvakawanda zvidiki zvemagetsi zvakachinja nzira yakajairika yekushanda kwakazvimirira uye kwakaparadzaniswa kwechiteshi chimwe chete, uye zviri kugadzira nzira yakabatana yekushanda kwezvikamu zvezviteshi zvemagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana kana kuti nzvimbo dzakadzikira.
Batsira mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zve "dual carbon"
Nhau dzeSimba reChina: Ndeipi mikana yekuvandudza nharaunda yemagetsi madiki emvura muChina mune ramangwana?
Xu Jincai: Kare, kuvaka simba remagetsi madiki emvura kwaive nechinangwa chekupa magetsi uye kuwana magetsi kumaruwa. Kuchinja kuri kuitwa simba remagetsi madiki emvura kwaive nechinangwa chekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzeka, uye mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yemagetsi, uye kuwana shanduko yemhando yepamusoro yegirini. Kubudirira kwakasimba kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura mune ramangwana kuchaita basa rakasiyana mukutonga kwekuchengetwa kwesimba, zvichibatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa che "dual carbon".
Mune ramangwana, nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi dziripo dzinogona kushandurwa kuita magetsi emvura anochengeterwa pombi kuti dzikurudzire kushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve uye kuita kuti shanduko yemagetsi madiki anochengeterwa pombi isvike. Semuenzaniso, muna Chivabvu wadarika, mushure mekuvakwa patsva kwenzvimbo yemagetsi inochengeterwa pombi yeChunchangba muXiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo inochengeterwa pombi yemvura+photovoltaic+pombi kwakatangwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, magetsi emvura nesimba idzva zvine simba rakawanda, uye nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi emvura dzine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwakawanda, nehuwandu hwakawanda husina basa rakanaka mukudzora kuwanikwa kwemagetsi. Nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi emvura dzinogona kupa masevhisi ekubatsira akadai sekugera peak, modulation yefrequency uye standby yegrid yemagetsi nekutora chikamu muVirtual power plant kuti iite kudzora kushanda kwakarongeka uye kutengeserana kwemusika.
Imwe mukana usingafanirwe kufuratirwa ndeyekuti simba remagetsi pamwe chete negreen card, green power uye kutengeserana kweCarbon emission zvichatora basa idzva. Tichitora chitupa chegreen chepasi rose semuenzaniso, muna 2022, takatanga kugadzira zvitupa zvegreen zvepasi rose zvemagetsi madiki emvura. Takasarudza zviteshi zvemagetsi gumi nemapfumbamwe muLishui Demonstration Zone yeInternational Small Hydropower Center sekuratidzira kuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegreen zvepasi rose, uye takapedzisa kunyoresa, kuburitsa, uye kutengeserana kwezvitupa zvegreen zvepasi rose zvinosvika 140000 zvekutanga zvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvitanhatu. Parizvino, pakati pezvitupa zvegreen zvepasi rose zvakaita semhepo, photovoltaic, uye hydropower, hydropower ndiyo purojekiti ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuburitsa, ine simba remvura diki rinosvika 23%. Chitupa cheGreen, magetsi egirini uye kutengeserana kweCarbon emission zvinoratidza Environmental Values yemapurojekiti matsva esimba uye zvinobatsira kuumba sisitimu yemusika uye nzira yenguva refu yekugadzira nekushandisa simba regirini.
Chekupedzisira, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura muChina kunogonawo kubatsira mukuvandudzwa kwemaruwa. Gore rino, China iri kuita "Mushandirapamwe weMasimba Emhepo weZviuru zveMisha neMataundi" uye "Mushandirapamwe weMasimba Emhepo weZviuru zveMadzimba" kukurudzira zvishoma nezvishoma kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi edenga rakapararira mudunhu rese, kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena kumaruwa, uye kuita kuvaka kwekuedza kwekuchinja kwesimba rekumaruwa. Simba diki remvura isimba rinogona kuvandudzwa rine mabasa akasiyana ekuchengetedza simba uye kutonga. Iro chigadzirwa chezvakatipoteredza chiri nyore kuona shanduko yakakosha munzvimbo dzemakomo. Inogona kukurudzira kushandurwa kwesimba rekumaruwa rakachena uye risina kabhoni uye kubatsira kubudirira kweCommon.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-13-2023
