Avhareji yebudiriro yezviwanikwa zvidiki zvehydropower muChina yasvika 60%, nemamwe matunhu ari kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe%. Kuongorora madiki emagetsi emvura anogona kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi uye kuvandudza kwesimba idzva rekuvaka system pasi peiyo kabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kabhoni.
Diki remagetsi rakaita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi kumaruwa eChina, kutsigira hupfumi hwekumaruwa nekusimudzira magariro, uye kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Parizvino, avhareji yekukura kweiyo diki hydropower zviwanikwa muChina yasvika 60%, uye mamwe matunhu ari kusvika 90%. Tarisiro yekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura yachinja kubva pakuwedzera kusimudzira kuenda pakuchera masheya uye manejimendi. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutori wenhau akabvunzurudza Dr. Xu Jincai, Mutungamiriri weInternational Small Hydropower Center yeBazi reMvura Zviwanikwa uye Mutungamiriri weHydroelectric Power Special Committee yeChinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti aongorore kuti magetsi madiki emvura anogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi uye kusimudzira kuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi pasi pekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kabhoni.
Kutsigira kubatanidzwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba idzva redunhu mune grid
China Energy Nhau: Ibasa ripi rinoitwa nemagetsi madiki mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekabhoni?
Xu Jincai: Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, nyika zana nemakumi matatu nenhanhatu dzakakurudzira zvinangwa zvekusarerekera kabhoni, zvichifukidza 88% yepasi rose carbon dioxide emissions, 90% yeGDP, uye 85% yehuwandu. Maitiro akazara epasi rose egirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko haigone kumiswa. China yakarongawo kutora mitemo yakasimba uye matanho, nechinangwa chekukwidza carbon dioxide emissions panosvika 2030 uye kuedza kuwana kusarerekera kwekabhoni panosvika 2060.
Zvinopfuura 70% zvepasi rose greenhouse gasi zvinobuda zvine chekuita nesimba. Dambudziko reClimate rinoda kuti tinyatso kudzora kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa. China ndiyo inogadzira uye mutengi mukuru pasi rose, inoverengera ingangoita 1/5 uye 1/4 yepasi rose kugadzira nekushandisa simba, zvichiteerana. Hunhu hwesimba hwakapfuma mumarasha, hurombo muoiri, uye gasi rakaderera. Kutsamira kwekunze kwemafuta uye gasi rechisikigo kunodarika 70% uye 40% zvichiteerana.
Nekudaro, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwesimba rinodzokororwa muChina mumakore achangopfuura kunoonekwa kune vese. Pakupera kwegore rapera, simba rose rakaiswa remagetsi ekugadzirisa simba rakanga rapfuura 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts, uye pasi rose yakaiswa simba rekugadzirisa simba raive rinenge 3.3 bhiriyoni kilowatts. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimba rakaiswa resimba rinodzokororwa rakabva kuChina. Indasitiri yeChina yakachena yemagetsi yakagadzira mukana wepasirese inotungamira, iine zvinhu zvakakosha senge photovoltaic uye simba remhepo rinoverengera 70% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose.
Iko kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuchada zvisingadzivisiki zviwanikwa zvekutonga, uye kunaka kwekutonga kwemagetsi emvura kuchavawo kukurumbira. Hydropower ndiyo yakanyanya zera renewable energy tekinoroji uye ichaita basa rakanaka mukusarerekera kabhoni pasi rose. Mukupindura, hurumende yeUS inoronga kuisa mari inosvika madhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu emamiriyoni emadhora mukuvandudza nekusimudzira magetsi emagetsi emagetsi munyika yose, achinyanya kutarisa nezvekugadzirisa magetsi emvura uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba.
Kunyangwe madiki emagetsi emagetsi achiverengera chikamu chidiki muindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi yeChina, ichiri yakakosha. Kune anopfuura 10000 zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura muChina zvine simba rekuchengetedza re100000 cubic metres kana kupfuura, ayo akasiyana akagovaniswa ekuchengetedza simba uye zviwanikwa zvemitemo zvinogona kutsigira chikamu chepamusoro chekushandiswa kwesimba idzva redunhu kuburikidza nekubatanidza grid.
Diki hydropower kuvandudza uye kuwirirana kugarisana kwezvakatipoteredza nharaunda
China Energy Nhau: Iwe unoona sei tsika yegirinhi shanduko uye kusimudzira diki hydropower muChina?
Xu Jincai: Mumamiriro ekunze kwekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kwekabhoni, danho rekusimudzira remagetsi madiki rachinja kuenda kune kuvakwa kwemasisitimu emagetsi matsva uye kuwana kugarisana kwakanaka pakati pekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza. Iyo Action Plan yeCarbon Peak pamberi pa2030 inonyatso kurudzira kukurumidza kukura kwegirinhi kwesimba remagetsi diki sechikamu chakakosha chesimba regirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko chiito.
Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakaita kudzidzira kwakawanda mukushandurwa kwegirinhi uye kusimudzira kwemagetsi madiki ehydropower. Imwe ndeyekugona uye kugona kuwedzera shanduko yediki hydropower. Hurumende yepakati yakaisa 8.5 bhiriyoni yuan muchirongwa chegumi nembiri cheMakore mashanu, ichipedzisa kushanda nesimba nekuwedzera hunyanzvi uye kuvandudzwa kwezviteshi mazana mana nemazana matatu emagetsi ekumaruwa. Hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mana nemazana matanhatu emadhora muChirongwa cheMakore mashanu, ichipedzisa kushanda nesimba uye kuwedzera masimba uye kuvandudzwa kwezviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi zvinopfuudzira mazana maviri nemazana maviri mumatunhu makumi maviri nemaviri, uye shanduko yezvipenyu uye kudzoreredza kwenzizi dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matatu. Muna 2017, International Small Hydropower Center yakaronga kuitwa kwe "Global Environment Facility" China Diki Hydropower Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion, and Transformation value-added project. Parizvino, basa rekuyedza rakapedzwa pamapurojekiti gumi nemapfumbamwe mumatunhu masere, uye ruzivo rwuri kupfupikiswa kuti rigovane nedzimwe nyika.
Yechipiri idiki kuchenesa hydropower uye kugadzirisa kunoitwa neBazi reMvura kudzoreredza kubatana kwerwizi, kuderedza kupera kwemvura, uye kugadzirisa zvikamu zvenzizi. Kubva 2018 kusvika 2020, iyo Yangtze Rwizi Economic Belt yakachenesa nekugadzirisa pamusoro pe25000 zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura, uye anopfuura zviuru mazana maviri nemazana emagetsi emagetsi akateedzera kuyerera kwezvisikwa zvinoenderana nemirairo uye akabatanidzwa kune akasiyana siyana ekutonga mapuratifomu. Parizvino, kucheneswa nekugadzirisa kwezviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi zvemvura zvinopfuura mazana maviri nemazana maviri muYellow River Basin zviri kuenderera mberi.
Chechitatu kugadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvakasvibira zve hydropower. Kubva pakavambwa zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi egirinhi muna 2017, kusvika pakupera kwegore rapfuura, China yakagadzira zviteshi zvidiki zvegirini zvehydropower zvinopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe. Mazuvano, shanduko yegirinhi nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki emvura yave mutemo wenyika. Zviteshi zvidiki zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi mumatunhu akasiyana siyana nemaguta akagadzirisa zviyero zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi, akavandudza kuyerera kwezvipenyu uye nzvimbo dzekutarisa, uye kuita kudzoreredza kwenzizi ecological. Nekugadzira batch yezvakajairwa girinhi diki hydropower kuratidzira, isu tinovavarira kukurumidza kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro shanduko yegirinhi mumabheseni enzizi, matunhu, uye kunyangwe indasitiri diki yemagetsi emagetsi.
Yechina ndeyekuvandudza zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura. Parizvino, zviteshi zvidiki zvakawanda zvemagetsi emagetsi zvakachinja maitiro akajairwa ekuzvimiririra uye kugadzika mashandiro echiteshi chimwe chete, uye vari kumisikidza nzira yakabatana yekushanda kwemasumbu emagetsi padunhu kana mvura.
Batsira mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zve "dual carbon".
China Energy Nhau: Ndeipi mikana yekuvandudzwa kwegirinhi kwemagetsi madiki emagetsi muChina mune ramangwana?
Xu Jincai: Pakazere, munguva yakapfuura, kuvakwa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kwaive kwakanangana nekupa magetsi uye kuwana magetsi ekumaruwa. Shanduko yazvino yemagetsi madiki emvura ine chinangwa chekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzwa, uye ecological mhedzisiro yechiteshi chemagetsi, uye kuwana yemhando yepamusoro shanduko yegirinhi. Iko kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kwemagetsi madiki mune ramangwana kuchaita basa rakasiyana musimba rekuchengetedza simba, zvichibatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa che "dual carbon".
Mune ramangwana, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zviripo zvehydropower zvinogona kushandurwa kuita Pumped-storage hydroelectricity kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rinogonekazve uye kuona shanduko yakasvibira yemagetsi madiki emvura. Semuenzaniso, muna Chivabvu apfuura, mushure mekuvakwazve kweChunchangba pumped storage power station muXiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, kubatanidzwa kwehydropower+photovoltaic+pumped storage yakaumbwa.
Mukuwedzera, simba remvura uye simba idzva rine kuwirirana kwakasimba, uye zviteshi zviduku zvehydropower zvine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye yakawanda, ine chikamu chikuru chisingaiti basa rakanaka mukugadzirisa magetsi. Zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi zvinogona kupa masevhisi ekubatsira senge peak shaving, frequency modulation uye yekumira yegidhi remagetsi nekutora chikamu muVirtual power plant kuita yakarongeka yakanyatso mashandiro ekutonga uye kutengeserana kwemusika.
Mumwe mukana usingagoni kufuratirwa ndewekuti hydropower yakasanganiswa negirinhi kadhi, green power uye Carbon emission trading ichaita basa idzva. Tichitora chitupa chegirinhi chepasi rose semuenzaniso, muna 2022, takatanga kuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegirinhi zvepasi rose zvemagetsi madiki ehydropower. Takasarudza zviteshi zvemagetsi gumi nepfumbamwe muLishui Demonstration Zone yeInternational Diki Hydropower Center sezviratidziro zvekuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegirinhi, uye takapedza kunyoresa, kuburitsa, uye kutengeswa kwezvitupa 140000 zvepasi rose zvegirinhi zvekutanga batch yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvitanhatu. Parizvino, pakati pezvitupa zvese zvegirinhi zvepasi rose zvakaita sesimba remhepo, photovoltaic, uye hydropower, hydropower ndiro purojekiti ine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuburitsa, ine diki hydropower accounting inosvika 23%. Chitupa chegirini, magetsi egirinhi uye Carbon emission kutengeserana inoratidza Mamiriro Ezvakatipoteredza emapurojekiti emagetsi matsva uye kubatsira kuumba musika sisitimu uye yenguva yakareba nzira yekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi egirinhi.
Chekupedzisira, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti kuvandudzwa kwegirini kwemagetsi madiki emvura muChina kunogona kubatsirawo mukumutsiridza kumaruwa. Gore rino, China iri kuita "Wind Power Campaign yeZviuru zveMisha neMataundi" uye "Photovoltaic Campaign yeZviuru zveMhuri" kusimudzira zvishoma nezvishoma kusimudzira kwemutyairi wepadenga redenga photovoltaics, kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rekumaruwa kwakachena, uye kuita mutyairi wekuvaka kwesimba remumaruwa. Diki hydropower isimba rinogona kudzokororwa rine yakasarudzika simba rekuchengetedza uye mabasa ekutonga. Icho zvakare chigadzirwa che ecological icho chiri nyore kuona kukosha shanduko munzvimbo dzine makomo. Inogona kusimudzira yakachena uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko yesimba rekumaruwa uye kubatsira Common kubudirira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-13-2023
