Hunhu hwezviteshi zvehydropower zvinosanganisira:
1. Simba rakachena: Zviteshi zveHydropower hazviburitse zvinosvibisa kana greenhouse gasi, uye inzvimbo yakachena kwazvo yesimba.
2. Simba rinovandudzwa: Zviteshi zveHydropower zvinotsamira pakutenderera kwemvura, uye mvura haizopedzi zvachose, zvichiita kuti dzive simba rinogonekazve.
3. Kugadzikana kwepamusoro: Zviwanikwa zvemvura yakawanda uye mvura yakagadzikana inoyerera inoita kuti simba remagetsi emagetsi emvura rive rakagadzikana, rakakodzera kwenguva refu yemagetsi emagetsi.
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana nzira dzekuvaka uye nzira dzekushandisa simba remvura, zviteshi zvehydropower zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:
1. Reservoir type hydropower station: Nekuchengeta mvura mudhamu, mwero wemvura werwizi unodzorwa, uye donho remusoro rinoshandiswa kutyaira hydraulic turbine yekugadzira magetsi.
2. Chiteshi chemagetsi chinopombi: Munzvimbo dzakaderera, nzvimbo dzemvura dzemhando dzemvura dzinoganhurwa nehuwandu hwemvura. Mapombi emagetsi emvura anoshandisa pombi kupomba mvura kubva pasi kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira, uyezve kugadzira magetsi kuburikidza nemusimboti wekushanda kwemusoro wemvura.
3. Tidal hydropower station: Kushandisa kushanduka kwemvura kuunganidza mutsauko wehurefu hwekushanduka-chinja kwemazinga emvura uye kugadzira magetsi pasi pekuita kwesimba remvura.
4. Piston flow power station: Kushandisa mafashamo, mafungu uye dzimwe nguva dzinokwira dzemvura kuti dzikurumidze kupinza mvura yakawanda, ichigadzira magetsi nokukurumidza kuburikidza nekudonha kwemusoro munguva pfupi yekusangana nemagetsi epamusoro penguva pfupi.
Muchidimbu, zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi akakosha akachena simba sosi ane hunhu hwakaita sehutsanana, kuvandudzwa, uye kugadzikana, uye akaiswa maererano nemaitiro avo ekuvaka uye nzira dzekushandisa simba remvura.
Kune akati wandei mafomu emadhamu mu hydropower station:
1. Dhamu regiravhiti: Mudhuri wakatwasuka wakavakwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekongiri kana dombo, unotakura mvura kuburikidza negiravhiti. Madhamu egiravhiti anowanzo kugadzikana, asi anoda zvimwe zvekuvakisa nenzvimbo yevhu. Chimiro chayo ndechekuti pasi redhamu rakafara uye kumusoro kwedhamu kwakatetepa, iyo inokodzera mamiriro apo mativi ese emipata yenzizi anotsigirwa nematombo akanaka.
2. Arch dam: Imhando yedhamu rinoumbwa nemadziro akakombama, iro rinoparadzira kumanikidza kwemvura kuburikidza nearch structure. Paunenge uchigadzira arch dhamu, zvinodikanwa kutanga wavaka arch yenguva yakaumbwa fomu yemapuranga, wozodira kongiri pairi kuti uigadzire. Arch madhamu akakodzera nzvimbo dzakatetepa uye dzakakwirira dzecanyon, dzine zvakanakira senge kuderera kwekugara kwepasi uye kuita kwakanaka seismic kuita.
3. Earth-rock dam: Imhando yedhamu rinoumbwa nekuunganidzwa kwevhu nematombo zvinhu, uye mukati maro rinotora matanho ekudzivirira-seepage kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. Madhamu epasi-matombo anodya simende nezvimwe zvinhu zvishoma, asi zvinotora nguva yakareba kupedzisa kuoma kwemutumbi wedhamu. Madhamu eEarth-rock akakodzera nzvimbo dzine mvura yakati sandarara uye nzvimbo dzine makomo.
4. Diversion dhamu: Ikamuganhuro diki rinoshandiswa kutungamira kuyerera kwemvura, uye maumbirwo aro nemagadzirirwo aro akasiyana neayo edhamu. Madhamu eDiversion anowanzo kuvakwa pakati penzizi kuti mvura ienderere kumagetsi kana kuita madiridziro. Dhamu rekuchinjisa kazhinji rinenge rakaderera uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakareruka.
Pakazere, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emadhamu ehydroelectric ane maitiro avo anoshanda uye zvakanakira uye nekuipa. Kusarudzwa kwemhando ipi yedhamu inofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo ye geological, hydrological uye mamiriro ekunze, uye mamwe mamiriro chaiwo.
Iyo hub system ye hydropower station inowanzo sanganisira zvinotevera zvikamu:
1. Reservoir: ibasa rekuchengeta matsime emvura uye kupa mvura inodiwa pakugadzira magetsi.
2. Mafashamo ekudziisa zvivako: anoshandiswa kudzora chiyero chemvura uye kuyerera kwechidziva, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwemvura, uye kudzivirira kuitika kwenjodzi dzakadai semafashamo.
3. Diversion system: Isai mvura kubva mudura muchikamu chekugadzira magetsi kugadzira magetsi. Iyo mvura diversion system inosanganisira midziyo yakaita semvura yekudyara, inlet chiteshi, pombi yekumanikidza, uye vharafu inogadzirisa.
4. Generator set: mudziyo unoshandura simba remvura rakaunzwa kuita simba remagetsi.
5. Transmission system: Magetsi anogadzirwa nejenareta seti anotumirwa kumushandisi.
6. Kudzora sisitimu: Iyo sisitimu inotarisisa, inodzora, uye inodzora mashandiro ezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, kusanganisira automated control system, zviridzwa zvekutarisa, uye macomputer ekudzora masisitimu.
Izvo zvinotariswa zvekuongororwa kweasset yezviteshi zvehydropower zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
1. Nzvimbo yezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura: Nzvimbo yezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kukosha kwazvo. Panogona kunge paine misiyano yakakura munharaunda yemusika uye rutsigiro rwemitemo yakatarisana nemagetsi emagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo, izvo zvinoda kutariswa zvizere.
2. Technical parameters yezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi: Iyo yakaiswa simba, musoro wemvura, chiyero chekuyerera uye mamwe ehunyanzvi maparameter ezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kugona kwavo kugadzira magetsi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye zvinoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kuongororwa kwesainzi.
3. Grid connection situation: Mamiriro ekubatanidza magetsi emagetsi emagetsi ane simba guru pamari yavo yekugadzira magetsi uye mari yekushanda, uye zvakakosha kunyatsofunga zvinhu zvakadai sekugadzikana kwegridhi, kureba kwetambo yekufambisa, uye simba rekushandura.
4. Kushanda nekugadzirisa kutarisira: Mamiriro emidziyo, mamiriro ekugadzirisa, uye kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvekugadzirwa kwezviteshi zvehydropower zviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuongorora kukosha kwavo, uye kuongorora kwakakwana uye kuongorora kunodiwa.
5. Mamiriro emitemo nemaitiro: Mamiriro emitemo nemamiriro ekugadzirisa mune zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura zvichavawo nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana paukoshi hwazvo, kunyanya maererano nerutsigiro rwemitemo yakadai semitemo yerubatsiro, zvinokurudzira mutero, uye kutevedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
6. Mamiriro emari: Mamiriro emari echiteshi chemagetsi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kukosha kwayo, zvinosanganisira mari, mari, mari yekushandisa, mari yekugadzira magetsi, nezvimwe.
7. Mamiriro ezvinhu emakwikwi: Mamiriro ezvinhu emakwikwi emusika mune zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura achange aine madhigirii akasiyana-siyana pamari yavo yekugadzira magetsi uye chinzvimbo chemusika. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakazara kwenzvimbo yemakwikwi emusika uye mamiriro evakwikwidzi makuru.
Muchidimbu, kuongororwa kweasset kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunoda kufunga zvinhu zvakawanda, kunyatsoongorora uye kuona kukosha kwazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2023
