Hydropower tekinoroji yesainzi inodzidza nyaya dzehunyanzvi uye dzehupfumi dzakadai sekuvaka engineering uye manejimendi ekugadzira. Simba remvura rinoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi emagetsi rinonyanya kuve simba rinochengetwa mumvura. Kuti ushandure simba remvura kuita magetsi, mhando dzakasiyana dzezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinofanirwa kuvakwa.
1. Basic sumo: Hydroelectric power utilization of nzizi, madhamu, etc. Iwo anowanikwa pakakwirira uye ane simba rinokwanisa, achiyerera akananga kunzvimbo dzakaderera uye achishandura simba ringave ririmo mukati mekinetic simba re turbine yemvura, iyo inobva yashandiswa sesimba rekufambisa jenareta kuti ibudise simba remagetsi. Kushandisa hydraulic simba (nemusoro wemvura) kutyaira kutenderera kwe hydraulic muchina (yemvura turbine), kushandura simba remvura kuita magetsi emagetsi. Kana imwe mhando yemuchina (jenareta) yakabatana kune turbine yemvura, inogona kugadzira magetsi sezvo turbine inotenderera, uye yozoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi. Mune imwe pfungwa, hydropower inzira yekushandura simba rinogona kuitika remvura kuita magetsi emagetsi, uyezve kuita simba remagetsi. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera magetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi, kana ichizoendeswa kune vashandisi vari kure, inoda kukwidziridzwa kuburikidza nematransformer, yobva yaendeswa kunzvimbo dzakanangana nevashandisi kuburikidza nemitsara yekufambisa mhepo, inozopedzisira yaderedzwa kuita voltage yakafanira vashandisi veimba nemidziyo yemagetsi efekitori, yozoendeswa kumafekitori akasiyana siyana uye dzimba kuburikidza nemitsara yekuparadzira. 2, Nheyo yekutanga yekugadzira magetsi emagetsi ndeye kushandisa kudonha kwemvura kushandira pamwe nejenareta remagetsi ekugadzira magetsi, ndiko kuti, kushandura simba rinogona kuitika remvura kuita simba remagetsi re hydraulic turbine, uye wozoshandisa simba remakanika kutyaira jenareta kuwana simba remagetsi. Masayendisiti akashandisa zvinogoneka mamiriro echisikigo akadai sekuyerera kweinjiniya uye mechanical fizikisi nekushandisa kuderera kwemvura. Uye dzakanyatsofananidzwa kuti dzive nemagetsi epamusoro-soro ekuti vanhu vashandise magetsi akachipa uye asina kusvibiswa. Mvura yakaderera, kune rumwe rutivi, inotora chiedza chezuva uye inotenderera paPasi Chishanu, nokudaro ichidzorera mvura yakakwirira.
Kusvika pari zvino, kuyerwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura kunosiyana kubva pamakumi akati wandei emawatts anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzeNyika Yetatu kusvika kumamiriyoni ewatts anoshandiswa kugovera magetsi mumaguta makuru. 3. Idzi mhando huru dzakaiswa muchikamu nekudonha kwakanyungudika, kusanganisira madhamu emhando yehydropower station, diversion type hydropower station, mahybrid hydropower station, tidal power stations, uye pumped storage power station. Zvichienderana nechiyero chekumhanya kwemvura, kunyangwe paine zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi kana kwete. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chetsime remvura, inowanzonzi chiteshi chemagetsi chemvura, chinoshandisa nzizi dzechisikigo, madziva, uye mamwe matsime emvura kugadzira magetsi. Zviteshi zveHydropower zvinogona kukamurwa kuita musoro wepamusoro (kupfuura 70 metres), wepakati musoro (15-70 metres), uye wakadzika musoro (pazasi 15 metres) hydropower zviteshi zvinoenderana nemusoro wekushandisa. Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwakaiswa hwezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zviteshi zvemagetsi makuru, epakati, uye madiki emagetsi. Kazhinji, zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi zvine simba rakaiswa risingasviki 5000 kilowatts zvinonzi zviteshi zvemagetsi madiki, zviya zvine simba rakaiswa pakati pe5000 ne100000 kilowatts dzinodaidzwa kuti medium hydropower stations, uye idzo dzine simba rakaiswa rinopfuura 100000 kilowatts dzinodaidzwa kuti hombe hydropower station kana hombe. 4, Advantage hydropower isimba risingaperi uye rinogona kuvandudzwa rakachena simba sosi. Nekudaro, kuti ushandise nemazvo simba remvura rechisikigo, zvinodikanwa kuti ugadzire ma hydraulic zvimiro zvinogona kutarisisa kudonha kwemvura uye kugadzirisa kuyerera, senge madhamu, diversion mapaipi, uye culverts. Naizvozvo, mari yeprojekiti yakakura uye kutenderera kwekuvaka kwakareba. Asi kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ehydroelectric kune hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira magetsi, kukurumidza kweyuniti yekutanga, uye kugadzirisa nyore. Pamusana pekushandiswa kwekuyerera kwemvura yakasikwa, inokonzerwa zvikuru nemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo. Hydropower inowanzova chikamu chakakosha chekushandiswa kwakadzama kwemvura, kuumba hurongwa hwekushandisa kwemvura yakazara nekutakura, aquaculture, kudiridza, kutonga mafashama, kushanya, nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pekupa magetsi akachipa, ine zvakare zvakanakira zvinotevera: kudzora mafashamo, kupa mvura yekudiridza, kuvandudza mafambiro enzizi, nekuvandudza zvekufambisa, magetsi, uye hupfumi mudunhu, kunyanya kusimudzira tourism uye aquaculture.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-26-2023
