Kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, budiriro inochengetedza nharaunda yagara iri nyaya inonetsa nyika pasi rose. Masayendisiti anga achishanda nesimba kuti adzidze mashandisiro angaita zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo zvine musoro uye zvinobudirira kuti vanhu vabatsirwe.
Semuenzaniso, kugadzira simba remhepo nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira magetsi zvakatora nzvimbo zvishoma nezvishoma pakugadzira simba remagetsi rinopisa.
Saka, tekinoroji yemagetsi emvura yeChina yasvika padanho ripi pari zvino? Ndepapi pasi rose? Chii chakakosha pakugadzira magetsi emvura? Vanhu vazhinji vangasanzwisisa. Uku kungoshandisa zviwanikwa zvechisikigo chete. Zvingave nemhedzisiro yakakura kudaro here? Nezvepfungwa iyi, tinofanira kutanga nekwakabva magetsi emvura.
Kwakatangira Simba reMagetsi
Kutaura zvazviri, chero bedzi uchinyatsonzwisisa nhoroondo yekukura kwevanhu, uchanzwisisa kuti kusvika pari zvino, kukura kwevanhu kwese kwave kuchitenderera pazviwanikwa. Kunyanya mukuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwekutanga uye mukuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwechipiri, kubuda kwezviwanikwa zvemarasha nemafuta kwakakurumidzisa zvikuru maitiro ekukura kwevanhu.
Zvinosuwisa kuti, kunyange zvazvo zviwanikwa izvi zviviri zvichibatsira zvikuru vanhu, zvinewo matambudziko akawanda. Kuwedzera kune hunhu hwazvo husingadzokororwe, kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza kwagara kuri nyaya inokosha inotambudza tsvakurudzo yekuvandudza kwevanhu. Vakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, masayendisiti ari kutsvaga nzira dzesainzi uye dzinoshanda, uku vachiedza kuona kana paine simba idzva rinogona kutsiva zviwanikwa izvi zviviri.
Uyezve, nekufamba kwenguva, masayendisiti anotendawo kuti simba rinogona kushandiswa nevanhu kuburikidza nenzira dzemuviri nedzemakemikari. Simba rinogona kushandiswawo here? Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti simba remvura, simba remhepo, simba remvura inopisa uye simba rezuva zvionekwe nevanhu.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zviwanikwa, kugadzirwa kwesimba remvura kwakatangira kare. Tichitora nzira yekufambisa mvura yakamboonekwa kakawanda mutsika yedu yenhoroondo yeChina semuenzaniso. Kubuda kwemuchina uyu kunoratidza kushandiswa kwevanhu kwesimba remvura. Nekushandisa simba remvura, vanhu vanogona kushandura simba iri kuita zvimwe zvinhu.
Gare gare, muma1930, michina yemagetsi inoshandiswa nemaoko yakaonekwa zviri pamutemo mukuona kwevanhu, uye masayendisiti akatanga kufunga nezvekuita kuti michina yemagetsi ishande zvakanaka pasina vanhu. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti aisakwanisa kubatanidza simba remvura rinodiwa nemagetsi, izvo zvakanonotsawo kusvika kwesimba remvura kwenguva yakareba.
Kusvika muna 1878, murume wekuBritain ainzi William Armstrong, achishandisa ruzivo rwake rwehunyanzvi nehupfumi, akazogadzira jenareta rekutanga remagetsi rekushandisa mumba make. Achishandisa muchina uyu, William akabatidza mwenje yemba yake senyanzvi.
Gare gare, vanhu vakawanda vakatanga kuedza kushandisa simba remvura nemvura senzira yekubatsira vanhu kugadzira magetsi nekushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi rinoshandisa michina, iro ravewo dingindira guru rebudiriro yemagariro evanhu kwenguva yakareba. Nhasi, simba remvura rave rimwe renzira dzinonyanya kukoshesa kugadzira simba rechisikigo pasi rose. Kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzese dzekugadzira simba, magetsi anopihwa nesimba remvura anoshamisa.
Kubudirira uye Mamiriro Azvino Esimba reMadziva emvura muChina
Kudzokera kunyika yedu, simba remagetsi rinobuda mumvura rakazoonekwa kunonoka. Kare muna 1882, Edison akatanga simba rekutanga remagetsi rinobuda mumvura pasi rose kuburikidza nehuchenjeri hwake, uye simba remagetsi rinobuda mumvura reChina rakatanga kuvhurwa muna 1912. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti Chiteshi chemagetsi chinobuda mumvura cheShilongba chakavakwa muKunming, Yunnan panguva iyoyo, chichishandisa tekinoroji yeGerman chete, nepo China ichingotumira vashandi kuti vabatsire.
Mushure mezvo, kunyange hazvo China yakaitawo nhamburiko dzekuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakasiyana-siyana munyika yese, chinangwa chikuru chaive chekusimudzira kutengeserana. Uyezve, nekuda kwepesvedzero yemamiriro ekunze panguva iyoyo, tekinoroji yemagetsi emvura nemichina yemakanika yaingogona kutengwa kubva kunze kwenyika, izvo zvakaitawo kuti simba remagetsi reChina rigare riri kumashure kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira pasi rose.
Nerombo rakanaka, pakagadzwa New China muna 1949, nyika iyi yaikoshesa zvikuru magetsi emvura. Kunyanya kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nyika, China ine nzvimbo yakakura uye ine zviwanikwa zvakasiyana zvemagetsi emvura, pasina mubvunzo mukana wekugadzira magetsi emvura.
Unofanira kuziva kuti hadzisi nzizi dzese dzinogona kuva manyuko emagetsi ekugadzira magetsi emvura. Dai pasina madonhwe emvura makuru anobatsira, zvaizodikanwa kugadzira madonhwe emvura nenzira yekugadzira mugero werwizi. Asi nenzira iyi, haingoshandisi simba revanhu chete nezvinhu, asi mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekugadzira magetsi emvura ichaderedzwawo zvakanyanya.
Asi nyika yedu yakasiyana. China ine Rwizi Yangtze, Rwizi Yellow, Rwizi Lancang, neRwizi Nu, ine misiyano isina muganho pakati penyika pasi rose. Saka, pakuvaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura, tinongoda kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera uye kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu.
Munguva kubva kuma1950 kusvika kuma1960, chinangwa chikuru chekugadzira magetsi emvura muChina chaive chekuvaka zviteshi zvitsva zvemagetsi emvura zvichibva pakugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemvura zviripo. Pakati pemakore ekuma1960 ne1970, nekukura kwekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura, China yakatanga kuedza kuvaka zviteshi zvakawanda zvemagetsi emvura uye kuwedzera kugadzira nzizi dzakatevedzana.
Mushure mekugadzirisa nekuvhura, nyika ichawedzera zvakare mari mumagetsi emvura. Zvichienzaniswa nezviteshi zvemagetsi zvekare, China yakatanga kutsvaga zviteshi zvikuru zvemagetsi zvine simba guru rekugadzira magetsi uye sevhisi iri nani kune mararamiro evanhu. Muma1990, kuvakwa kweThree Gorges Dam kwakatanga zviri pamutemo, uye zvakatora makore gumi nemashanu kuti ive chiteshi chikuru chemagetsi emvura pasi rose. Uku ndiko kuratidzwa kwakanakisa kwekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zveChina uye simba guru renyika.
Kuvakwa kweThree Gorges Dam kwakakwana kuratidza kuti tekinoroji yemagetsi emvura yeChina yasvika pamberi penyika. Tisingatauri nezveThree Gorges Dam, simba remagetsi remvura reChina rinoita 41% yemagetsi emvura anowanikwa pasi rose. Pakati pematekinoroji akawanda ane chekuita nehydraulic, masayendisiti ekuChina akakunda matambudziko akaomarara.
Uyezve, mukushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi, zvakakwanawo kuratidza kunaka kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina. Data rinoratidza kuti kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nyika pasi rose, mukana wekudzimwa kwemagetsi muChina wakaderera zvikuru. Chikonzero chikuru chemamiriro ezvinhu aya ndechekusimba kwezvivakwa zvemagetsi emvura muChina.
Kukosha kwesimba remvura
Ndinotenda kuti munhu wese anonzwisisa zvakadzama rubatsiro rwunounzwa nemagetsi emvura kuvanhu. Semuenzaniso, tichifunga kuti magetsi emvura pasi rose anyangarika panguva ino, nzvimbo dzinopfuura hafu yepasi rose hadzizove nemagetsi zvachose.
Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vachiri kutadza kunzwisisa kuti kunyange zvazvo simba remvura richibatsira zvikuru vanhu, zvakakosha here kuti tirambe tichigadzira simba remvura? Pamusoro pezvose, funga nezvekuvakwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura muLop Nur semuenzaniso. Kuvharwa kwacho kwakaramba kuchiitika kwakaita kuti dzimwe nzizi dziome uye dzinyangarike.
Kutaura zvazviri, chikonzero chikuru chekunyangarika kwenzizi dzakakomberedza Lop Nur kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezviwanikwa zvemvura nevanhu muzana remakore rapfuura, izvo zvisina chekuita nemagetsi emvura pachawo. Kukosha kwemagetsi emvura hakungoratidzwi chete mukupa magetsi akakwana kuvanhu. Kufanana nekudiridza kurima, kudzora mafashamo nekuchengetera, uye kutakura zvinhu, zvese izvi zvinovimba nerubatsiro rweinjiniya yemvura.
Fungidzira kuti pasina rubatsiro rweDhamu reThree Gorges uye kubatanidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura pakati, kurima kwakapoteredza kwaizoramba kuripo munyika yekare uye isina kushanda zvakanaka. Zvichienzaniswa nekukura kwekurima kwanhasi, zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri pedyo neThree Gorges zvichave "zvisina basa".
Panyaya yekudzora mafashamo nekuchengetedza nzvimbo, Dhamu reThree Gorges rakabatsirawo vanhu zvikuru. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chero bedzi Dhamu reThree Gorges risingafambi, vagari vepedyo havafaniri kunetseka nezvemafashamo. Unogona kunakidzwa nemagetsi akakwana nemvura yakawanda, ukuwo uchipa rugare rwepfungwa kune zviwanikwa zvipenyu.
Simba remvura pacharo ndiro rinoshandiswa zvine musoro rezviwanikwa zvemvura. Serimwe rezviwanikwa zvinogona kuvandudzwa, ndiro rimwe remanyuko esimba anoshanda zvakanyanya pakushandisa zviwanikwa zvevanhu. Richapfuura fungidziro dzevanhu.
Remangwana reSimba Rinovandudzwa
Sezvo kuipa kwemafuta nemarasha kuri kuwedzera kuoneka, kushandisa zviwanikwa zvechisikigo kwave kuri dingindira guru rebudiriro munguva yanhasi. Kunyanya nzvimbo yaimbova yemagetsi emafuta ekare, nepo ichishandisa zvinhu zvakawanda kuti ipe simba shoma, zvichakonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kunharaunda yakapoteredza, izvo zvakamanikidzawo nzvimbo yemagetsi emafuta ekare kuti ibve padanho rekare.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira itsva dzekugadzira magetsi dzakadai sesimba remhepo uye simba remagetsi rinopisa, izvo zvakafanana nekugadzira simba remagetsi emvura, zvave nzira huru dzekutsvaga nyika pasi rose nhasi uye kwenguva yakareba. Nyika yega yega inotarisira rubatsiro rukuru runogona kupihwa nevanhu kuburikidza nezviwanikwa zvinodzokororwa zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Zvisinei, zvichibva pamamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino, simba remagetsi rinoramba riri pamusoro pezvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusakura kwetekinoroji yekugadzira simba, senge simba remhepo, uye mwero wakaderera wekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa; Kune rumwe rutivi, simba remagetsi rinongoda kudzikira uye harizokanganisirwi nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzechisikigo dzisingadzoreki.
Saka, nzira yekuvandudza simba rinodzokororwa inoenderera mberi inguva refu uye yakaoma, uye vanhu vachiri kuda kushivirira zvakakwana kuti vatarisane nenyaya iyi. Nenzira iyi chete ndiyo nzira iyo nharaunda yaimbova yakakuvadzwa inogona kugadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Tichitarisa nhoroondo yese yekukura kwevanhu, kushandiswa kwezvinhu kwakaunza rubatsiro kuvanhu rwusingafungidzirwe nevanhu. Pamwe munguva yakapfuura yekukura, takaita zvikanganiso zvakawanda uye takakonzera kukuvara kukuru kuzvisikwa, asi nhasi, zvese izvi zviri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma, uye tarisiro yekukura kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa yakajeka zvechokwadi.
Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvekuti, sezvo matambudziko etekinoroji ari kuramba achikura, mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa nevanhu ari kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Semuenzaniso, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vazhinji vakagadzira mamodheru akawanda ematurbine emhepo vachishandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emhepo mune ramangwana kunogona kukwanisa kugadzira magetsi kuburikidza nekudengenyeka.
Ehe, hazvina musoro kutaura kuti simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura harina dambudziko. Pakuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogadzirwa nemvura, mabasa makuru ekugadzira ivhu nekudyara kongiri hazvidzivisiki. Kana zvichikonzera mafashamo akapararira, nyika yega yega inofanira kubhadhara mari yakawanda yekudzikisa nzvimbo.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana kuvakwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura kukakundikana, kukanganisa nzvimbo dziri pasi pemvura nezvivakwa kuchapfuura fungidziro dzevanhu. Saka, usati wavaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini yeinjiniya nekuvaka kwakarurama, pamwe nezvirongwa zvekukurumidzira zvetsaona. Nenzira iyi chete ndiyo nzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura dzinogona kuva mapurojekiti ezvivakwa zvinobatsira vanhu.
Muchidimbu, ramangwana rebudiriro inoenderera mberi rakakodzera kutarisirwa, uye chinhu chikuru chiri pakuti vanhu vanoda here kushandisa nguva nesimba zvakakwana pariri. Mundima yemagetsi emvura, vanhu vabudirira zvikuru, uye danho rinotevera nderekuvandudza zvishoma nezvishoma kushandiswa kwezvimwe zviwanikwa zvechisikigo.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-23-2023
