Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, budiriro inoenderera yagara iri nyaya ine hanya zvikuru nenyika dzepasirese. Vesainzi vange vachishandawo nesimba kuti vadzidze kushandisa zvine mutsindo uye nemazvo zviwanikwa zvakawanda kuitira kubatsira vanhu.
Semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo uye humwe hunyanzvi hwachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzirwa kwemagetsi echinyakare.
Saka, ndeipi nhanho yakagadziridzwa tekinoroji yehydropower yeChina kusvika zvino? Ndeipi mwero wepasi rose? Chii chakakoshera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ehydroelectric? Vanhu vazhinji vangasanzwisisa. Uku ndiko chete kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvingagona kuva netapuro huru yakadaro chaizvoizvo here? Panyaya iyi, tinofanira kutanga nekwakabva hydropower.
Mavambo eHydroelectric Power
Muchokwadi, chero bedzi iwe uchinyatsonzwisisa nhoroondo yekukura kwevanhu, iwe uchanzwisisa kuti kusvika zvino, kukura kwese kwevanhu kwakatenderedza zviwanikwa. Kunyanya mubhindauko rekutanga remaindasitiri neChipiri Shanduko yeMaindasitiri, kubuda kwezviwanikwa zvemarasha nezviwanikwa zveoiri zvakawedzera zvikuru hurongwa hwebudiriro yevanhu.
Zvinosuruvarisa, kunyange zvazvo zviwanikwa zviviri izvi zvichibatsira zvikuru nzanga yevanhu, zvinewo zvakawanda zvinokanganisa. Pamusoro pehunhu hwayo husingadzokerikezve, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwagara kuri nyaya yakakosha iri kunetsa tsvakiridzo yebudiriro yevanhu. Kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, masayendisiti ari kutsvaga nzira dzesainzi uye dzinoshanda, apo achiedza kuona kana kune simba idzva rinogona kutsiva zviwanikwa zviviri izvi.
Uyezve, nekufamba uye kukura kwenguva, masayendisiti anotendawo kuti simba rinogona kushandiswa nevanhu kuburikidza nemaitiro emuviri nemakemikari. Simba rinogonawo kushandiswa here? Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya kuti simba remvura, simba remhepo, geothermal simba uye simba rezuva zvakapinda muchiratidzo chevanhu.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zviwanikwa, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kunotanga kare kare. Kutora vhiri remvura dhiraivha rakaonekwa kakawanda mune yedu Chinese nhoroondo tsika semuenzaniso. Kubuda kwechishandiso ichi kunoratidza kushandiswa kwevanhu nesimba kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Nekushandisa simba remvura, vanhu vanogona kushandura simba iri kuita mamwe maitiro.
Gare gare, muma1930, michina yemagetsi yakashandiswa nemaoko yakaonekwa zviri pamutemo muchiratidzo chemunhu, uye masayendisiti akatanga kufunga nezve magadzirirwo emagetsi emagetsi kushanda zvakajairika pasina zviwanikwa zvevanhu. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti akanga asingakwanisi kubatanidza simba rekinetic remvura nesimba rekinetic raidiwa nemichina yemagetsi, iyo yakanonokawo kusvika kwehydropower kwenguva yakareba.
Kusvika muna 1878, mumwe murume wekuBritain anonzi William Armstrong, achishandisa ruzivo rwake uye hupfumi hwake, akazogadzira jenareta rekutanga remagetsi rekushandisa mumba make. Achishandisa muchina uyu, William akabatidza mwenje wemba yake seshasha.
Gare gare, vanhu vakawanda vakatanga kuedza kushandisa hydropower uye zviwanikwa zvemvura sechitubu chesimba kubatsira vanhu kugadzira magetsi uye kushandura simba remagetsi kuita mechanical kinetic simba, iro rakavawo dingindira guru rekusimudzira magariro kwenguva yakareba. Nhasi, hydropower yave imwe yeanonyanya kunetseka akasikwa simba nzira munyika. Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzese dzekugadzira magetsi, magetsi anopihwa nehydropower anoshamisa.
Kuvandudza uye Ikozvino Situation yeHydropower muChina
Kudzokera kunyika yedu, hydropower yakanyatso kuoneka kunonoka. Kare muna 1882, Edison akatanga hurongwa hwekutanga hwemagetsi emagetsi epasi rose kuburikidza nehuchenjeri hwake, uye simba remagetsi remvura reChina rakatanga kugadzwa muna 1912. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, Shilongba Hydropower Station yakavakwa muKunming, Yunnan panguva iyoyo, ichishandisa zvachose tekinoroji yeGerman, nepo China yakangotumira vanhu kuti vabatsire.
Mushure mezvo, kunyangwe China yakaedzawo kuvaka nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemagetsi emagetsi munyika yose, chinangwa chikuru chaive chichiri chekusimudzira kutengeserana. Zvakare, nekuda kwesimba remamiriro epamba panguva iyoyo, tekinoroji yemagetsi uye michina yemagetsi yaigona kutengwa kubva kunze kwenyika, izvo zvakazoita kuti magetsi eChina agare achisara kumashure kune dzimwe nyika dzakasimukira pasirese.
Neraki, apo New China yakavambwa muna 1949, nyika yakakoshesa zvakanyanya kumagetsi emvura. Kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika, China ine nzvimbo yakakura uye yakasarudzika hydropower zviwanikwa, pasina mubvunzo mukana wechisikigo mukugadzira simba remvura.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti hadzisi nzizi dzese dzinogona kuve tsime remagetsi ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi. Kana pakanga pasina madonhwe makuru emvura ekubatsira, zvingave zvakakodzera kugadzira madonhwe emvura panzira yerwizi. Asi nenzira iyi, haizongopedza simba rakawanda revashandi uye zviwanikwa, asi mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ichaderedzwawo zvakanyanya.
Asi nyika yedu yakasiyana. China ine Rwizi Yangtze, Yellow River, Lancang River, uye Nu River, ine misiyano isingaenzaniswi pakati penyika dzepasirese. Naizvozvo, kana tichivaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura, isu tinongoda kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera uye kugadzirisa zvimwe.
Munguva kubva kuma1950 kusvika kuma1960, chinangwa chikuru chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi muChina chaive chekuvaka zviteshi zvitsva zvegetsi pahwaro hwekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa zviteshi zvemagetsi zviripo. Pakati pema1960 nema1970, nekukura kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, China yakatanga kuyedza yakazvimiririra kuvaka mamwe chiteshi chemagetsi emvura uye kuwedzera nzizi dzakatevedzana.
Mushure mekuvandudzwa uye kuvhurwa, nyika ichawedzera zvakare kudyara mumagetsi emagetsi. Zvichienzaniswa nezviteshi zvemagetsi zvakapfuura, China yatanga kutsvaga zviteshi zvakakura zvemagetsi zvine simba rekugadzira magetsi uye sevhisi iri nani mukurarama kwevanhu. Mumakore ekuma1990, kuvakwa kweThree Gorges Dam kwakatanga zviri pamutemo, uye zvakatora makore gumi nemashanu kuti ive chiteshi chikuru chemagetsi pasi rose. Uku ndiko kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kwekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zveChina uye simba rakasimba renyika.
Kuvakwa kweThree Gorges Dam kunokwana kuratidza kuti tekinoroji yemagetsi yekuChina hapana mubvunzo kuti yasvika pamberi penyika. Tisingarevi tisingasanganisire Dhamu reMagori Matatu, magetsi ekuChina anotora chikamu che41% chekugadzirwa kwegetsi pasi rose. Pakati peakawanda ane hukama hydraulic tekinoroji, masayendisiti echiChinese akakunda matambudziko akaomarara.
Zvakare, mukushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemagetsi, zvakaringanawo kuratidza kunaka kweindasitiri yemagetsi yemvura yeChina. Dhata inoratidza kuti kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika pasirese, mukana uye nguva yekudzima kwemagetsi muChina idiki kwazvo. Chikonzero chikuru chemamiriro ezvinhu aya kutendeseka uye kusimba kweiyo China hydropower infrastructure.
Kukosha kwehydropower
Ndinotenda kuti munhu wese anonzwisisa zvakanyanya rubatsiro rwunounzwa nehydropower kuvanhu. Semuenzaniso wakapfava, tichifunga kuti simba remvura repasi rose rinonyangarika panguva ino, inopfuura hafu yematunhu enyika haazove nemagetsi zvachose.
Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji havasati vanzwisisa kuti kunyangwe simba remvura richibatsira vanhu zvakanyanya, zvakakosha here kuti isu tirambe tichigadzira simba remvura? Mushure mezvose, tora kupenga kuvakwa kwe hydropower station muLop Nur semuenzaniso. Kuvharwa kwairamba kuchiita kwakaita kuti dzimwe nzizi dziome uye dzitsakatike.
Muchokwadi, chikonzero chikuru chekunyangarika kwenzizi dzakatenderedza Lop Nur ndeyekunyanya kushandiswa kwemvura zviwanikwa nevanhu muzana rapfuura, izvo zvisina hukama nehydropower pachayo. Kukosha kwemagetsi emvura hakungoratidzwi mukupa magetsi akakwana kuvanhu. Zvakafanana nekudiridza kwekurima, kutonga mafashama uye kuchengetedza, uye kutumira, ivo vese vanovimba nerubatsiro rwe hydraulic engineering.
Fungidzira kuti pasina rubatsiro rweTatu Gorges Damu uye kubatanidzwa kwepakati kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, kurima kwakatenderedza kwaizoramba kuchikura mune yechinyakare uye isingashande. Zvichienzaniswa nebudiriro yekurima yemazuva ano, zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri pedyo neMakomo Matatu “zvichaparadzwa”.
Panyaya yekudzora nemafashamu, Dhamu reThree Gorges rakaunzawo rubatsiro rukuru kuvanhu. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chero bedzi iyo Three Gorges Dam isingafambi, vagari vakapoteredza havafaniri kunetseka pamusoro pemafashamo. Unogona kunakidzwa nemagetsi akakwana uye zviwanikwa zvemvura zvakawanda, nepo panguva imwe chete uchipa rugare rwepfungwa kune zviwanikwa.
Hydropower pachayo ndiko kushandisa zvine musoro kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Seimwe yezviwanikwa zvinogoneka muzvisikwa, zvakare ndeimwe yeakanyanya kushanda simba masosi ekushandiswa kwevanhu. Zvechokwadi zvichapfuura fungidziro dzevanhu.
Ramangwana ReNewable Energy
Sezvo kusakosha kwezviwanikwa zveoiri nemarasha kuri kuramba kuchibuda pachena, kushandisa zviwanikwa kwave kuri dingindira rebudiriro munguva yanhasi. Kunyanya yaimbove chiteshi chemagetsi efossil-fuel, ichidya zvinhu zvakawanda kuti ipe simba shoma, zvinozokonzera kusvibiswa kwakakomba kunharaunda yakapoteredza, izvo zvakamanikidzawo chiteshi chemagetsi efossil-fuel kuti chibude kubva munhoroondo.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira itsva dzekugadzira magetsi dzakadai sesimba remhepo uye geothermal simba, idzo dzakafanana nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, dzave nzira huru dzekutsvagira nyika dzepasirese nhasi uye kwenguva yakareba. Nyika yega yega inotarisira rubatsiro rwakakura rwunogona kupa vanhu zviwanikwa zvinogoneka.
Nekudaro, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo, hydropower ichiri kutanga pakati pezviwanikwa zvinogoneka. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusakura kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira magetsi, sekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emhepo, uye huwandu hwakaderera hwekushandisa kwezviwanikwa; Nekune rimwe divi, simba remvura rinongoda kudzikira uye harizokanganiswe nenzvimbo dzakawandisa dzisingadzoreki.
Naizvozvo, mugwagwa wekusimudzira budiriro yesimba rinodzokororwa inguva refu uye yakaoma, uye vanhu vachiri kufanira kushivirira zvakakwana kutarisana nenyaya iyi. Nenzira iyi chete ndiyo inogona kudzoreredzwa zvishoma nezvishoma iyo yaimbova yakakuvadzwa yakasikwa.
Tichitarisa kumashure munhoroondo yese yebudiriro yevanhu, kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kwakaunza rubatsiro kuvanhu izvo zvisingambofungidzirwe nevanhu. Zvichida mune yakapfuura budiriro maitiro, takaita zvikanganiso zvakawanda uye zvakakonzera kukuvadza kwakawanda kune zvakasikwa, asi nhasi, zvese izvi zviri kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, uye tarisiro yekusimudzira yesimba rinodzokororwa zvechokwadi yakajeka.
Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti sezvo matambudziko etekinoroji ari kuramba achikundwa, mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa evanhu ari kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Tichitora kugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo semuenzaniso, zvinotendwa kuti vanhu vazhinji vakavaka mhando dzakawanda dzematurbine emhepo vachishandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti ramangwana remagetsi emagetsi rinogona kukwanisa kugadzira magetsi kuburikidza nekudengenyeka.
Ehe, hazvina musoro kutaura kuti hydropower haina zvinokanganisa. Pakuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, hukuru hwevhu uye mari yekongiri hazvidzivisike. Pakukonzeresa mafashama akapararira, nyika imwe neimwe inofanirwa kubhadhara mari dzekugara patsva kwayo.
Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti kana kuvakwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi kukaramba, kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo dzepasi uye zvivakwa zvinodarika zvinofungwa nevanhu. Naizvozvo, usati wavaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekugadzira engineering nekuvaka, pamwe nezvirongwa zvekukurumidzira zvetsaona. Nenzira iyi chete chiteshi chemagetsi chemvura chinogona kuve mapurojekiti ezvivakwa zvinobatsira vanhu.
Muchidimbu, remangwana rekusimudzira kwakasimba kwakakodzera kutarisira, uye kiyi iri pakuti vanhu vanoda kushandisa nguva yakakwana nesimba pairi. Mumunda wemagetsi emvura, vanhu vakawana kubudirira kukuru, uye danho rinotevera nderekuvandudza zvishoma nezvishoma kushandiswa kwezvimwe zviwanikwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-23-2023
