Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura, senzvimbo huru yehupfumi hwenyika, ine hukama hwakasimba nekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika uye shanduko mumagadzirirwo emaindasitiri. Parizvino, mashandiro ese eindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina akagadzikana, nekuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi emvura, kuwedzera kwesimba rekugadzira magetsi emvura, kuwedzera kwekudyara kwemagetsi emvura, uye kudzikira kwekukura kwekunyoreswa kwemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura. Nekushandiswa kwemutemo wenyika wekuti "kuchengetedza simba nekuderedza kusvibiswa", kutsiva simba nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwave sarudzo inoshanda kuChina, uye simba remvura rave sarudzo inofarirwa yesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa.
Kugadzira magetsi achishandisa mvura tekinoroji yesainzi inodzidza nyaya dzehunyanzvi nehupfumi dzekuvaka nekugadzira mainjiniya izvo zvinoshandura simba remvura kuita magetsi. Simba remvura rinoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi achishandisa mvura rinonyanya kushandiswa sesimba rinogona kuchengetwa mumvura. Kuti magetsi emvura ashandurwe kuita magetsi, mhando dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinofanira kuvakwa.
Kuitwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura kunosanganisira kuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, uye kushanda kwesimba remagetsi emvura. Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura yepakati inobatanidza magetsi neindasitiri yemagetsi epasi kuti iwane kubatana kwegrid. Basa rekuvaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura rinosanganisira mazano ekutanga einjiniya nekuronga, kutenga michina yakasiyana-siyana yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura, uye kuvaka kwekupedzisira. Kuumbwa kwemaindasitiri epakati nepasi kunongova kwega, uye chimiro chakasimba.
Nekusimudzirwa kwekukura kwehupfumi hweChina, kugadziriswa kwezvekutengeswa kwezvinhu uye kugadziriswa kwehupfumi, kuchengetedza simba, kuderedza utsi hwemhepo uye kukura kwezvakatipoteredza zvave zviri kubvumirana mukuvandudzwa kwehupfumi. Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nehurumende pamatanho ese uye rutsigiro rwakakosha kubva kumitemo yenyika yeindasitiri. Nyika yakaunza mitemo yakawanda yekutsigira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura. Mitemo yemaindasitiri yakaita sePurogiramu Yekugadzirisa Dambudziko reMvura, Mhepo, uye Kuraswa kweChiedza, Chiziviso chekugadzwa nekuvandudza Renewable Energy Power Consumption Guarantee Mechanism, uye Purogiramu Yekushandisa Simba Rinodzokororwa re2021 Government Affairs Publicity Work yeMinistry of Water Resources yakapa mikana yakakura yemusika yekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura uye nzvimbo yakanaka yekugadzira nekushanda kwemabhizinesi.
Kuongorora kwakadzama kweindasitiri yemagetsi emvura
Sekureva kweongororo dzemakambani, mumakore achangopfuura, simba remagetsi emvura rakaiswa muChina rave richikwira gore negore, kubva pamamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nematatu emakiromita muna 2016 kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe emakiromita muna 2020, nekukura kwegore negore kwe2.7%. Ruzivo rwazvino runoratidza kuti muna 2021, simba remagetsi emvura rakaiswa muChina rakasvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe emakiromita (kusanganisira mamiriyoni makumi matatu nematanhatu emakiromita ekuchengetera pombi), kuwedzera kwe5.6% gore negore.
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwekunyoresa kwemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura muChina hwakawedzera nekukurumidza, kubva muna 198000 muna 2016 kusvika pa539000 muna 2019, neavhareji yekukura kwemakambani pagore ye39.6%. Muna 2020, huwandu hwekunyoresa kwemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura hwakaderera uye hwakaderera. Data razvino rinoratidza kuti muna 2021, kwaive nemakambani ane chekuita nemagetsi emvura anosvika 483000 akanyoreswa muChina, kudzikira kwegore negore kwe7.3%.
Kubva pakugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi rakaiswa, kusvika pakupera kwa2021, dunhu rine simba guru rekugadzira magetsi emvura muChina raive Sichuan Province, ine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni 88.87 kilowatts, richiteverwa neYunnan ine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni 78.2 kilowatts; Matunhu ari pachinzvimbo chechipiri kubva pagumi ndiHubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, neQinghai, ane simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni gumi kusvika makumi mana kilowatts.
Kubva pakuona kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, muna 2021, dunhu rine simba guru remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura muChina raive Sichuan, rine simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura remaawa 353.14 bhiriyoni kilowatts, rinoita 26.37%; Chechipiri, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura mudunhu reYunnan raive 271.63 bhiriyoni kilowatts maawa, rinoita 20.29%; Zvakare, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura mudunhu reHubei raive 153.15 bhiriyoni kilowatts maawa, rinoita 11.44%.
Kubva pamaonero esimba remagetsi emvura muChina, Changjiang Power ndiyo kambani hombe maererano nesimba remagetsi emvura. Muna 2021, simba remagetsi emvura reChangjiang Power raive rinodarika 11% yenyika, uye simba rese remagetsi emvura pasi pemapoka mashanu makuru ekugadzira magetsi raive chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika; Kubva pamaonero ekugadzira magetsi emvura, muna 2021, chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi eRwizi rweYangtze chakapfuura 15%, uye simba remagetsi emvura pasi pemapoka mashanu makuru ekugadzira magetsi raive rinosvika 20% yenyika yese. Kubva pamaonero ehuwandu hwemagetsi mumusika, huwandu hwemagetsi emvura mashanu eChina neYangtze River Power hwave pedyo nehafu yemugove wemusika; Simba remagetsi emvura rinodarika 30% yenyika, uye indasitiri ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi.
Zvinoenderana ne "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Deep Analysis and Development Prospects Prediction Report" neChina Research Institute of Industry
Indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina inonyanya kutungamirwa nemakambani ehurumende. Pamusoro pemapoka mashanu makuru ekugadzira magetsi, kunewo makambani akawanda akanaka ekugadzira magetsi mubhizinesi remagetsi emvura muChina. Makambani ari kunze kwemapoka mashanu makuru, anomiririrwa neYangtze Power, ndiwo makuru maererano nekugona kwega kwega kwemagetsi emvura. Zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwemagetsi emvura, makwikwi eindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, mapoka mashanu makuru neYangtze Power zviri pamberi.
Tarisiro dzeKuvandudzwa kweIndasitiri yeMagetsi eMadziva
Zvichienderana nedambudziko rekupisa kwepasi rose uye kuwedzera kwekudzikira kwemafuta efossil, kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchionekwa nevanhu vepasi rose, uye kuvandudzwa nesimba kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa kwave kuri kubvumirana pakati penyika pasi rose. Kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi nemvura isimba rakachena uye rinogona kuvandudzwa rine tekinoroji yakakura inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura muChina dziri pekutanga pasi rose. Kugadzira simba remvura nesimba hakusi nzira yakakosha yekuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi ekupisa pasi rose, asiwo chiyero chakakosha chekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kukurudzira kuchengetedza simba nekuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo, uye kuwana budiriro inogara kwenguva refu.
Mushure mezvizvarwa zvakati wandei zvevashandi vemagetsi emvura vachirwira, vachichinja-chinja uye vachiita zvinhu zvitsva, uye vachiita zvinhu neushingi, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina yabudirira kubva padiki kusvika pakuru, kubva pakushaya simba kusvika pakuva nesimba, uye kubva pakutevera nekutungamira. Nekukura kuri kuita tekinoroji, mayuniti akasiyana-siyana emagetsi emvura nevashandi muChina vanovimba nematekinoroji epamusoro akadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira nedata guru kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti kuvaka kwakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwemadhamu.
Munguva yechirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana, China yakatsanangura muganho wenguva yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekukwira kwecarbon uye kusapindira kwecarbon, izvo zvakaita kuti marudzi mazhinji esimba anzwe mikana nematambudziko anouya panguva imwe chete. Semumiriri wesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, simba remvura, mumamiriro ekunze epasi rose nekupera kwesimba, kudiwa kwebudiriro inoenderera mberi kwekuvandudza chimiro chesimba kucharamba kuchitungamira kukura kwesimba remvura.
Mune ramangwana, China inofanira kutarisa matekinoroji akakosha akadai sekuvaka kwakangwara, mashandiro akangwara, uye michina yakangwara yemagetsi emvura, kukurudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi emvura, kusimbisa, kugadzirisa, uye kuwedzera simba rakachena, kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura nesimba idzva, uye kuramba ichivandudza nhanho yekuvaka kwakangwara uye manejimendi ekushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-10-2023
