Indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi, sembiru indasitiri yehupfumi hwenyika, ine hukama zvakanyanya nekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika uye shanduko mumaindasitiri. Parizvino, kushanda kwese kweindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi kuChina kwakagadzikana, nekuwedzera kwesimba rakaiswa simba remvura, kuwedzera kwesimba rekugadzira simba remvura, kuwedzera kwekudyara kwemagetsi emagetsi, uye kuderera kwekukura kwehuwandu hwekunyoresa bhizinesi rehydropower. Nekuitwa kwegwaro renyika re "kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kuburitsa", kutsiva simba uye kuderedza kubuda kwave sarudzo inoshanda kuChina, uye simba remvura rave sarudzo inofarirwa yesimba rinowanikwazve.
Hydroelectric power production inyanzvi yesainzi inodzidza nyaya dzehunyanzvi nehupfumi hwekuvaka engineering uye mashandiro ekugadzira anoshandura simba remvura kuita magetsi. Simba remvura rinoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi emagetsi rinonyanya kuve simba rinochengetwa mumvura. Kuti uwane shanduko yemagetsi emvura kuita magetsi, mhando dzakasiyana dzezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura dzinoda kuvakwa.
Kuitwa kwemagetsi emagetsi kunosanganisira kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvegetsi, uyezve kushanda kwemagetsi emvura. Iyo yepakati hydropower indasitiri inobatanidza magetsi kune yakadzika magetsi grid indasitiri kuti iwane grid yekubatanidza. Basa rekuvaka chiteshi chemagetsi emvura rinosanganisira yekutanga engineering yekubvunza uye kuronga, kutenga michina yakasiyana yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura, uye kuvaka kwekupedzisira. Kuumbwa kwemaindasitiri epakati nepakati nepasi kune imwe chete, ine chimiro chakagadzikana.
Nekusimudzirwa kwekukura kwehupfumi hweChina, kugadziridzwa kweparutivi uye kugadziridza Economic, kuchengetedza simba, kuderedzwa kwemhepo uye kukura kwegirinhi zvave kubvumirana kwekusimudzira hupfumi. Indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi yakagamuchira tarisiro huru kubva kuhurumende pamatanho ese uye nerutsigiro rwakakosha kubva kumitemo yenyika yemaindasitiri. Nyika yakatevedzana yakaunza mitemo yakawanda yekutsigira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi. Zvirongwa zvemaindasitiri zvakaita seImplementation Plan yeKugadzirisa Dambudziko reMvura, Mhepo, uye Chiedza Kusiiwa, Chiziviso cheKumisikidza uye Kuvandudza Iyo Renewable Energy Power Consumption Guarantee Mechanism, uye Iyo Implementation Plan ye2021 Government Affairs Publicity Basa reBazi reMvura rakapa tarisiro yemusika wakakura wekugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye indasitiri yemagetsi.
Kuongorora kwakadzama kweindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi
Zvinoenderana nekuferefetwa kwemabhizinesi, mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwakaiswa hwemagetsi emvura muChina hwave kuwedzera gore negore, kubva pa333 miriyoni kilowatts muna 2016 kusvika 370 miriyoni kilowatts muna 2020, ine musanganiswa wepagore kukura kwe2.7%. Idzi data ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti muna 2021, iyo yakawedzera yakaiswa simba rehydropower muChina yakasvika anosvika 391 miriyoni kilowatts (kusanganisira 36 miriyoni kilowatts epombi yekuchengetedza), kuwedzera kwe5.6% gore-pa-gore.
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwekunyoreswa kwemabhizinesi ane chekuita nehydropower muChina hwakakura nekukurumidza, kubva muna 198000 muna 2016 kusvika pa539000 muna 2019, neavhareji pagore yekukura kwechikamu che39.6%. Muna 2020, chiyero chekukura kwehydropower chine chekuita nemabhizinesi kunyoreswa kwakadzikira uye kwakadzikira. Iyo yazvino data inoratidza kuti muna 2021, pakanga paine huwandu hwe483000 akanyoreswa 483000 hydropower ane chekuita mabhizinesi muChina, kuderera kwegore negore kwe7.3%.
Kubva pakugoverwa kwesimba rakaiswa, kubva pakupera kwa2021, dunhu rine chikero chikuru chemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi muChina yaive Province reSichuan, ine huwandu hwakaiswa hwe88.87 miriyoni kilowatts, ichiteverwa neYunnan ine yakasimwa inokwana 78.2 miriyoni kilowatts; Matunhu ari pachinhanho chechipiri kusvika pachigumi anoti Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, neQinghai, ane simba rakaiswa kubva pa10 kusvika 40 miriyoni kilowatts.
Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, muna 2021, dunhu rine simba repamusoro remagetsi emagetsi muChina raive Sichuan, ine magetsi emagetsi emagetsi e353.14 bhiriyoni kilowatt maawa, achiverengera 26.37%; Kechipiri, simba remagetsi emagetsi mudunhu reYunnan 271.63 bhiriyoni kilowatt maawa, achiverengera 20.29%; Zvakare, iyo hydroelectric simba rekugadzira mudunhu reHubei i153.15 bhiriyoni kilowatt maawa, inoverengera 11.44%.
Kubva pakuona kwekuiswa kweiyo indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi ekuChina, Changjiang Power ndiro bhizinesi hombe maererano neiyo yega hydropower yakaiswa simba. Muna 2021, Changjiang Power's hydropower yakaiswa simba yakaverengera inopfuura 11% yenyika, uye yakazara yakaiswa simba remagetsi emvura pasi pemapoka makuru mashanu ekugadzira magetsi akaverengera chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika; Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, muna 2021, chikamu cheYangtze Rwizi rwemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi chakapfuura 15%, uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi pasi pemapoka mashanu makuru ekugadzira magetsi akaverengera makumi maviri muzana ehuwandu hwenyika. Kubva pamaonero eiyo musika wekutengesa reshiyo, iyo yakazara yeChina shanu hydropower yakaiswa masimba emapoka uye Yangtze River Power iri pedyo nehafu yemugove wemusika; Hydropower kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunodarika makumi matatu muzana yenyika, uye iyo indasitiri ine yakakwira yekutarisa ratio.
Zvinoenderana ne "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Deep Analysis uye Development Prospects Prediction Report" neChina Research Institute of Indasitiri.
Indasitiri yekuChina yekugadzira magetsi emvura inonyanya kutungamirwa nehurumende dzehurumende. Pamusoro pemapoka mashanu makuru ekugadzira magetsi, kune zvakare akawanda akanakisa makambani ekugadzira magetsi mubhizinesi reChina remagetsi emagetsi. Mabhizinesi ari kunze kwemapoka makuru mashanu, anomiririrwa neYangtze Power, ndiwo akakurisa maererano neiyo yega hydropower yakaiswa simba. Zvinoenderana nechikamu cheiyo hydropower yakaiswa simba, iyo inokwikwidza echelon yeChina hydropower indasitiri inogona kukamurwa kuita maviri echelons, nemapoka makuru mashanu uye Yangtze Power chinzvimbo chekutanga.
Matarisiro eKuvandudzwa kweHydroelectric Power Industry
Zvichipesana nemamiriro ekunze ekudziya kwepasi uye kuderera kuri kuwedzera kwemafuta ezvicherwa, kusimukira uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuri kuramba kuchigamuchira kutariswa kubva kunharaunda dzepasirese, uye nechisimba kusimudzira simba rinovandudzwa kwave kubvumirana pakati penyika dzepasirese. Hydroelectric power generation isimba rakachena uye rinovandudzwa simba rine tekinoroji yakakura iyo inogona kuvandudzwa pamwero mukuru. China's hydropower resource reserves inotungamira pasi rose. Kushingaira kugadzira hydropower haisi nzira yakakosha yekudzikisa zvinobudirira kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse, asiwo chiyero chakakosha chekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kukurudzira kuchengetedza kwesimba uye kuderedza kuburitsa, uye kuwana budiriro inoenderera.
Mushure mezvizvarwa zvakati wandei zvekuenderera mberi kwevashandi vehydropower, shanduko uye hunyanzvi, uye kuita kwakashinga, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura yeChina yakawana nhoroondo kubva padiki kusvika pahombe, kubva pakuneta kuenda kune yakasimba, uye kubva pakutevera nekutungamira. Nekukurumidza kuvandudza tekinoroji, akasiyana hydropower mayuniti uye vashandi muChina vanovimba nekucheka-kumucheto matekinoroji akadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye data hombe kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvaka kunaka uye kuchengetedzwa kwedhamu.
Munguva yegumi nemana yeChirongwa cheMakore mashanu, China yakatsanangura nguva yakatarwa yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekabhoni peaking uye kusarerekera kabhoni, izvo zvakaita kuti marudzi mazhinji esimba anzwe mikana uye kumanikidzwa kuri kuuya panguva imwe chete. Semumiriri wesimba rinodzokororwa, hydropower, mumamiriro ekunze epasirese uye kupera kwesimba, iyo inogoneka budiriro inodiwa ye optimization yesimba chimiro icharamba ichifambisa kusimudzira kwehydropower.
Mune ramangwana, China inofanirwa kutarisisa matekinoroji akakosha akadai sekuvaka kwakangwara, kushanda kwakangwara, uye hunyanzvi hwekushandisa magetsi emvura, kusimudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi, kusimbisa, kusimudzira, uye kuwedzera simba rakachena, kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwesimba remvura uye simba idzva, uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mwero wehungwaru kuvaka uye kushanda kwekutonga kwezviteshi zvemagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-10-2023
