Nzizi dzinoyerera kwezviuru zvemakiromita, dzine simba guru. Kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba remvura yakasikwa mumagetsi kunonzi hydropower. Izvo zviviri zvakakosha zvinhu zvinoumba hydraulic simba kuyerera uye musoro. Kuyerera kunotarirwa nerwizi pacharwo, uye kinetic simba rekushandisa kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvakananga mvura yerwizi ichave yakaderera zvikuru, nokuti hazvibviri kuzadza chikamu chose cherwizi nemagetsi emvura.
Kushandiswa kweHydraulic kunonyanya kushandisa simba rinogona kuitika, uye panofanirwa kuve nekudonha mukushandiswa kwesimba rinogoneka. Zvisinei, kudonha kwechisikigo kwenzizi kunowanzoita zvishoma nezvishoma murwizi runoyerera, uye mukati mechinguva chipfupi, kudonha kwemvura kwemvura kunenge kwakadzikira. Matanho akakodzera einjiniya anofanirwa kutorwa kuti awedzere kudonha, iko kutarisisa kudonha kwechisikigo kwakapararira kuumba musoro wemvura unogona kushandiswa.
Zvakanakira zve hydropower
1. Kuvandudzwa kwesimba remvura
Simba remvura rinobva murwizi rwechisikigo runoyerera, iro rinonyanya kuumbwa negasi rechisikigo uye kutenderera kwemvura. Kutenderera kwemvura kunoita kuti simba remvura rigone kushandiswa zvakare uye kushandiswa zvakare, saka simba remvura rinonzi "renewable energy". "Renewable energy" ine nzvimbo yakasiyana mukuvaka simba.
2. Zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere
Simba reHydroelectric rinoshandisa simba riri mukuyerera kwemvura chete uye haripedzi mvura. Naizvozvo, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogona kushandiswa zvakazara, uye pamusoro pekugadzira magetsi, zvinogona panguva imwe chete kubatsirwa kubva mukudzora mafashama, kudiridza, kutumira, kugovera mvura, aquaculture, kushanya, uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye kuita budiriro yezvinangwa zvakawanda.
3. Kudzora simba remvura
Simba remagetsi harigoni kuchengetwa, uye kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kunopedzwa panguva imwe chete. Simba remvura rinogona kuchengetwa mumadziva, ayo anogadzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvesimba remagetsi. Iwo mareservoirs anoshanda semagetsi ekuchengetedza matura emagetsi system. Kudzora kwemadziva kunovandudza kugona kwesimba rekugadzirisa mitoro, kuwedzera kuvimbika uye kuchinjika kwesimba rekupa.
4. Reversibility yekugadzirwa kwehydropower
Turbine yemvura inotungamirira mvura kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira kuenda kunzvimbo yakaderera inogona kugadzira magetsi uye kushandura simba remvura kuva simba remagetsi; Zvakare, mitumbi yemvura iri pazasi inotorwa nemapombi emagetsi uye inotumirwa kumadziva pamazinga epamusoro ekuchengetera, ichishandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remvura. Kushandisa kudzoreredzwa kwekugadzirwa kwe hydropower kuvaka pombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi zvine basa rakasiyana mukuvandudza kugona kwekuremerwa kwesimba remagetsi.
5. Kuchinja kwekushanda kwechikwata
Hydroelectric magetsi ekugadzira mayunitsi ane midziyo yakapusa, inochinjika uye yakavimbika mashandiro, uye ari nyore kwazvo kuwedzera kana kuderedza mitoro. Ivo vanogona kukurumidza kutangwa kana kumiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi, uye zviri nyore kuwana otomatiki. Iwo akanyanya kukodzera kuita peak shaving uye frequency modulation mabasa eiyo simba system, pamwe nekushanda se emergency standby, kugadzirisa mutoro, uye mamwe mabasa. Ivo vanogona kuwedzera kuvimbika kweiyo simba system, ine yakasarudzika mabhenefiti. Zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi ndizvo zvinotakura zvinhu zvine simba muhurongwa hwemagetsi.
6. Mutengo wakaderera uye kushanda kwepamusoro kwekugadzirwa kwehydropower
Hydropower haipedzi mafuta, uye haidi huwandu hukuru hwevashandi uye zvivakwa zvakaiswa mari mukushandiswa uye kutakura mafuta. Midziyo yacho iri nyore, ine vashandi vashoma, simba rekubatsira shoma, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa remidziyo, uye mari shoma yekushanda nekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, mutengo wekugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi ezviteshi zvehydropower wakaderera, chete 1/5 kusvika 1/8 yeiyo yefossil-fuel power station. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwemashandisirwo emagetsi ezviteshi zvemagetsi ehydropower hwakakwira, hunosvika kudarika 85%, ukuwo yefossil-fuel power station ichingoita 40%.
7. Inobatsira pakuvandudza nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza
Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi hakusvibise nharaunda. Iyo yakakura yemvura pamusoro penzvimbo yedhivha inogadzirisa iyo microclimate yedunhu uye kugoverwa kwechinguva uye nzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura, iyo inobatsira kuvandudza mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza enzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Kune zvidyarwa zvemagetsi emarasha, matani ese emarasha anofanirwa kuburitsa anenge 30kg yeSO2, uye inodarika 30kg yeguruva inoburitswa. Maererano nenhamba dze50 huru uye yepakati-kati-yakakura-kupisa magetsi emagetsi emagetsi munyika yose, 90% yemagetsi emagetsi emit SO2 nehuwandu hunopfuura 860mg / m3, iyo inotyisa zvikuru kusvibiswa. Munyika yanhasi umo kutariswa kwakawanda kuri kubhadharwa kunyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, kukurumidza kuvakwa kwemagetsi emvura uye kuwedzera chikamu chemagetsi emvura muChina zvakakosha zvikuru mukuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuipa kwe hydropower
Yakakura yenguva imwe chete yekudyara - hombe yevhu uye kongiri mabasa ekuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi; Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa nemafashama uye zvinoda kuti mari dzekugara patsva dzibhadharwe; Nguva yekuvaka zvakare yakareba kudarika kuvakwa kwezvivako zvemagetsi zvinopisa, zvichikanganisa kuchinja kwemari yekuvaka. Kunyangwe kana imwe yekudyara mumapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura ichigovaniswa nemadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana anobatsirwa, iyo mari pakilowatt yehydropower yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yemagetsi ekupisa. Zvisinei, mukushanda kweramangwana, mari yakachengetwa mumari yegore negore inodzikiswa gore negore. Iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa nguva yemuripo ine chekuita nebudiriro yenyika uye mutemo wesimba. Kana nguva yekubhadhara iri pasi pemutengo unobvumirwa, zvinoonekwa sezvine musoro kuwedzera huwandu hwakaiswa hwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura.
Ngozi yekukundikana - Nekuda kwemafashama, madhamu anovhara mvura yakawanda, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kukuvadzwa kwevanhu, uye kunaka kwekuvaka, izvo zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa kune nzvimbo dzepasi uye zvivakwa. Kutadza kwakadaro kunogona kukanganisa magetsi, mhuka nemiti, uye zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru uye kukuvara.
Kukuvadzwa kweEcosystem - Madhamu mahombe anokonzera mafashamo akawandisa kumusoro kwedhamu, dzimwe nguva achiparadza nzvimbo dzakadzika, masango emipata, nemafuro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvichakanganisawo ecosystem yemvura yakatenderedza chirimwa. Hune simba guru pahove, shiri dzemumvura, nedzimwe mhuka.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2023
