Nhoroondo yemagetsi emvura muChina

Chiteshi chemagetsi chepakutanga pasi rose chakaonekwa muFrance muna 1878, uko kwakavakwa chiteshi chekutanga chemagetsi emvura pasi rose.
Muvambi Edison akabatsirawo mukuvandudzwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mvura. Muna 1882, Edison akavaka Chiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandisa mvura cheAbel muWisconsin, USA.
Pakutanga, simba remagetsi emvura rakatangwa raive diki kwazvo. Muna 1889, chiteshi chemagetsi emvura chikuru pasi rose chaive muJapan, asi simba rayo rakaiswa raive 48 kW chete. Zvisinei, simba remagetsi emvura rakaiswa rave kukura zvakanyanya. Muna 1892, simba reNiagara Hydropower Station muUnited States raive 44000 kW. Pakazosvika 1895, simba remagetsi eNiagara Hydropower Station rakanga rasvika 147000 kW.

Mushure mekupinda muzana remakore rechi20, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura munyika dzakabudirira zvikuru rave nekukura nekukurumidza. Pakazosvika gore ra2021, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa pasi rose richasvika 1360GW.
Nhoroondo yekushandisa simba remvura muChina inogona kuteverwa kumashure kusvika makore anopfuura 2000 apfuura, kushandisa mvura kufambisa mavhiri emvura, zvigayo zvemvura, uye zvigayo zvemvura pakugadzira nehupenyu.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chepakutanga muChina chakavakwa muna 1904. Chaiva Guishan Hydropower Station chakavakwa nemauto eJapan muTaiwan, China.
Chiteshi chekutanga chemagetsi emvura chakavakwa muChina Mainland chaive Shilongba Hydropower Station muKunming, chakatangwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1910 chikagadzira magetsi muna Chivabvu 1912, chine simba re489kW.
Mumakore makumi maviri akatevera kana kupfuura, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemamiriro emuno, kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura muChina hakuna kufambira mberi zvakanyanya, uye zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura zvakavakwa, zvinowanzo sanganisira Dongwo Hydropower Station muLuxian County, Sichuan, Duodi Hydropower Station muTibet, uye Xiadao, Shunchang, uye Longxi Hydropower Stations muFujian.
Nguva yakasvika panguva yeHondo yeAnti Japan, apo zviwanikwa zvemumba zvainyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira hukasha, uye zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki chete ndizvo zvakavakwa munharaunda yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, zvakaita seTaohuaxi Hydropower Station muSichuan neNanqiao Hydropower Station muYunnan; Munzvimbo inotongwa neJapan, Japan yakavaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakakura, kazhinji Fengman Hydropower Station paRwizi Songhua kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina.
People's Republic of China isati yavambwa, simba remagetsi emvura muChina Mainland raimbosvika 900 000 kW. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwakakonzerwa nehondo, apo People's Republic of China yakavambwa, simba remagetsi emvura muChina Mainland raingova 363300 kW chete.
Mushure mekutangwa kweNew China, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemvura rakatanga kutariswa uye kuvandudzwa zvisati zvamboitika. Chekutanga, mapurojekiti akati wandei emagetsi emvura akasara mumakore ehondo agadziriswa uye akavakwazve; Pakupera kwehurongwa hwemakore mashanu ekutanga, China yakanga yavaka uye yavakazve zviteshi zvemagetsi gumi nemapfumbamwe, uye yakatanga kugadzira nekuvaka mapurojekiti makuru emagetsi emvura yoga. Chiteshi chemagetsi cheZhejiang Xin'anjiang chine simba re662500 kilowatts chakavakwa munguva iyi, uye ndichowo chiteshi chemagetsi emvura chikuru chekutanga chakagadzirwa, chakagadzirwa, uye chakavakwa neChina pachayo.
Munguva ye "Great Leap Forward", mapurojekiti matsva emagetsi emvura muChina akasvika 11.862 miriyoni kW. Mamwe mapurojekiti haana kuratidzwa zvizere, zvichiita kuti mamwe mapurojekiti amiswe kuvaka mushure mekunge atanga. Mumakore matatu akatevera enjodzi dzechisikigo, mapurojekiti akawanda akamiswa kana kudzoserwa kumashure. Muchidimbu, kubva muna 1958 kusvika 1965, kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura muChina kwaive kwakakomba zvikuru. Zvisinei, zviteshi zvemagetsi makumi matatu nerimwe, kusanganisira Xin'anjiang muZhejiang, Xinfengjiang muGuangdong, uye Xijin muGuangxi, zvakaiswawo kuti zvishandiswe kugadzira magetsi. Zvose, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina yakawana kufambira mberi kwakati.
Nguva yasvika yenguva ye "Cultural Revolution". Kunyangwe kuvaka magetsi emvura kwakakanganiswa zvakare nekukanganiswa kukuru, sarudzo yekuvaka mutsetse wechitatu yakapawo mukana usingawanzoitiki wekuvandudza magetsi emvura kumadokero kweChina. Munguva iyi, nzvimbo dzemagetsi makumi mana, kusanganisira Liujiaxia muGansu Province neGongzui muSichuan Province, dzakatanga kushanda kuti dzigadzire magetsi. Kugona kwakaiswa kweLiujiaxia Hydropower Station kwakasvika 1.225 miriyoni kW, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yekutanga yemagetsi emvura muChina ine simba rakaiswa rinodarika miriyoni imwe kW. Munguva iyi, nzvimbo yekutanga yekuchengetera magetsi inopombwa muChina, Gangnan, Hebei, yakavakwawo. Panguva imwe chete, mapurojekiti emagetsi emvura makuru nepakati makumi mashanu nematatu akatanga kana kutangwazve munguva iyi. Muna 1970, Gezhouba Project ine simba rakaiswa re2.715 miriyoni kW yakatanga, ichiratidza kutanga kwekuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura parwizi rukuru rweYangtze River.
Mushure mekupera kwe "Cultural Revolution", kunyanya mushure meChikamu Chechitatu cheKomiti yeCentral yechi11, indasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina yapinda zvakare padanho rekukura nekukurumidza. Mapurojekiti akati wandei emagetsi emvura akadai seGezhouba, Wujiangdu, neBaishan akawedzera, uye Longyangxia Hydropower Station ine simba re320000 kW yakatanga kuvakwa zviri pamutemo. Mushure mezvo, munguva yechirimo yekuchinja nekuvhura, sisitimu yekuvaka magetsi emvura muChina yave ichichinja-chinja uye ichivandudza, ichiratidza simba guru. Munguva iyi, nzvimbo dzemagetsi ekuchengetedza dzakapombwa dzakawanawo budiriro huru, nechikamu chekutanga chekupomba nekuchengetera muPanjiakou, Hebei, neGuangzhou ichitanga; Simba remagetsi madiki riri kuvandudzwawo, nekushandiswa kwechikamu chekutanga chematunhu mazana matatu emagetsi emvura kumaruwa; Panyaya yemagetsi makuru emvura, kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzemagetsi makuru emvura, dzakadai seTianshengqiao Class II ine simba re1.32 miriyoni kW, Guangxi Yantan ine simba re1.21 miriyoni kW, Yunnan Manwan ine simba re1.5 miriyoni kW, uye Lijiaxia Hydropower Station ine simba re2 miriyoni kW, kwatanga kutevedzana. Panguva imwe chete, nyanzvi dzemuno dzakarongwa kuti dziratidze misoro gumi nemana yeThree Gorges Hydropower Station, uye kuvakwa kweThree Gorges Project kwakaiswa pane zvataurwa.
Mumakore gumi ekupedzisira ezana remakore rechi20, kuvaka kwemagetsi emvura muChina kwakawedzera nekukurumidza. MunaGunyana 1991, kuvaka kweErtan Hydropower Station muPanzhihua, Sichuan, kwakatanga. Mushure mekukakavadzana nekugadzirira kwakawanda, muna Zvita 1994, chirongwa cheThree Gorges Hydropower Station chakatanga zviri pamutemo. Panyaya yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa, Ming Tombs yeBeijing (800000kW), Zhejiang's Tianhuangping (1800000kW), uye Guangzhou's pumped storage phase II (12000000kW) zvakatangwawo zvakatevedzana; Panyaya yemagetsi madiki emvura, kuvaka kwechikamu chechipiri nechechitatu chemagetsi emumaruwa emvura kwakaitwa. Mumakore gumi apfuura, kugona kwemagetsi emvura muChina kwakawedzera ne38.39 miriyoni kW.
Mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana remakore rechi21, kune zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinosvika makumi matatu nezvishanu zviri kuvakwa, zvine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni makumi manomwe kW, kusanganisira zviteshi zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvinosvika mamiriyoni makumi manomwe kW zvakaita seThree Gorges Project's 22.4 kW uye Xiluodu's 12.6 mamiriyoni kW. Munguva iyi, avhareji yeanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi kW yave ichishandiswa gore rega rega. Gore renhoroondo yakanyanya ndi2008, apo chikamu chekupedzisira chechiteshi chemagetsi cheThree Gorges Project's right bank chakabatanidzwa zviri pamutemo negrid kuti chigadzirwe magetsi, uye mayuniti ese makumi maviri nematanhatu ezviteshi zvemagetsi zveThree Gorges Project zvakatanga kugadzirwa kuruboshwe nekurudyi akaiswa kushanda.
Kubva muzana remakore rechipiri rezana remakore rechi21, zviteshi zvikuru zvemagetsi emvura parwizi rukuru rweJinsha zvave zvichivandudzwa zvakatevedzana uye zvichiramba zvichishandiswa kugadzira magetsi. Xiluodu Hydropower Station ine simba re12.6 miriyoni kW, Xiangjiaba ine simba re6.4 miriyoni kW, Baihetan Hydropower Station ine simba re12 miriyoni yuan, Wudongde Hydropower Station ine simba re10.2 miriyoni yuan, nezvimwe zviteshi zvikuru zvemagetsi emvura zvakaiswa kuti zvigadzire magetsi. Pakati pazvo, simba reBaihetan Hydropower Station rakaiswa neyuniti imwe chete rasvika miriyoni imwe kW, richisvika padanho repamusoro pasi rose. Nezvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa, kusvika muna 2022, kwaingova ne70 chete zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa zvaive zvichivakwa munzvimbo yekushanda yeState Grid yeChina, ine simba re85.24 miriyoni kilowatts, raive ka3.2 uye ka4.1 kupfuura ra2012, zvichiteerana. Pakati pavo, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station ndiyo nzvimbo huru pasi rose yekuchengetera magetsi ine pombi, ine simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni 3.6 emakiromita.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzirwa kwechinangwa che "dual carbon" uye kusimbiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura muChina kuri kutarisanawo nemamiriro matsva. Chekutanga, nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi emvura dziri munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzicharamba dzichidzikira uye dzichivharika, uye chechipiri, huwandu hwesimba rezuva nemhepo musimba idzva rakaiswa hucharamba huchiwedzera, uye huwandu hwesimba remvura hucharamba huchidzikirawo; Chekupedzisira, tichatarisa pakuvaka mapurojekiti makuru esimba remvura, uye sainzi nepfungwa dzemapurojekiti ekuvaka zvicharamba zvichiwedzera.