Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi eHydroelectric ndiyo imwe yedzakanyanya kukura nzira dzekugadzira magetsi, uye yakaramba ichivandudza uye kugadzirwa muhurongwa hwekuvandudza kwesimba remagetsi. Yakaita kufambira mberi kwakanyanya maererano nekumira-yega chiyero, tekinoroji yemidziyo level, uye tekinoroji yekudzora. Seyakagadzikana uye yakavimbika yemhando yepamusoro yakadzorwa magetsi sosi, hydropower inowanzo sanganisira yakajairwa hydropower zviteshi uye pombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi. Pamusoro pekushanda semupi akakosha wesimba remagetsi, vanga vachitambawo basa rakakosha mukuveura ndebvu, frequency modulation, phase modulation, black start, uye emergency standby panguva yese yekushanda kwesimba remagetsi. Nekukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi senge simba remhepo uye photovoltaic simba rekugadzira, kuwedzera kwepamusoro kune mipata misiyano mumasisitimu emagetsi uye kudzikiswa kwekutenderera inertia kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemagetsi emagetsi emidziyo nemidziyo, nyaya dzakakosha senge magetsi system kuronga uye kuvaka, kushanda kwakachengeteka, uye kutumirwa kwehupfumi kuri kutarisana nematambudziko akakura, uye zvakare inyaya hombe dzinofanirwa kutariswa mune ramangwana rekuvaka masisitimu emagetsi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekupa kweChina zviwanikwa, simba remvura richaita basa rakakosha murudzi rutsva rwesimba remagetsi, rinotarisana neakakosha ekuvandudza zvinodiwa nemikana, uye yakakosha kuchengetedzeka kwehupfumi hwekuvaka rudzi rutsva rwesimba remagetsi.
Ongororo pamamiriro azvino uye kuvandudza mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwehydropower
Innovative development situation
Iko kushandurwa kwesimba rakachena kwepasi rose kuri kukurumidza, uye chikamu chesimba idzva senge simba remhepo uye photovoltaic simba rekugadzira riri kukurumidza kuwedzera. Kuronga nekuvaka, kushanda kwakachengeteka, uye kurongwa kwehupfumi kwemasisitimu emagetsi echinyakare ari kutarisana nematambudziko matsva nematambudziko. Kubva 2010 kusvika 2021, kuiswa kwesimba remhepo pasi rose kwakachengetedza kukurumidza kukura, neavhareji yekukura kwe15%; Avhareji yekukura kwegore muChina yasvika 25%; Mwero wekukura wepasi rose photovoltaic kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuisirwa mumakore gumi apfuura yasvika 31%. Simba remagetsi rine chikamu chakakwirira chesimba idzva rinotarisana nenhau huru dzakadai sekuoma kwekuenzanisa kugovera uye kudiwa, kuwedzera kuoma mukutonga kwekushanda kwehurongwa uye njodzi dzakagadzikana dzinokonzerwa nekuderedzwa kwekutenderera inertia, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwepamusoro pekuveura kwechido chekuveura, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa kwehurongwa hwekushandisa mari. Zviri kukurumidza kusimudzira pamwe chete kugadziriswa kwenyaya idzi kubva kumagetsi, grid, uye mativi ekuremedza. Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi akakosha akadzorwa magetsi sosi ane hunhu hwakadai sehombe inotenderera inertia, kukurumidza kupindura kumhanya, uye inochinjika maitiro ekushanda. Rine zvazvakanakira mukugadzirisa matambudziko matsva aya nematambudziko.
Chiyero chemagetsi chinoramba chichivandudza, uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye zvakavimbika magetsi kubva kumabasa ehupfumi nemagariro evanhu zvinoramba zvichiwedzera. Kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura, chiyero chemagetsi epasi rose chakaramba chichivandudza, uye chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi mumagetsi ekupedzisira chakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Terminal electric energy substitution inomiririrwa nemotokari dzemagetsi yawedzera. Nharaunda yezvehupfumi yemazuva ano inowedzera kuvimba nemagetsi, uye magetsi akava nzira huru yekugadzirwa kwemabasa ehupfumi nemagariro evanhu. Simba rakachengeteka uye rakavimbika vimbiso yakakosha yekugadzirwa kwevanhu vemazuva ano uye hupenyu. Kudzimwa kwemagetsi munzvimbo hombe hakungounze kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi chete, asiwo kunogona kuunza mhirizhonga yakakomba munharaunda. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba kwave kuve chinhu chikuru chekuchengetedza simba, kunyangwe kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Basa rekunze remagadzirirwo emagetsi matsva rinoda kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwekuvimbika kwesimba rakachengeteka, nepo kuvandudza kwemukati kuri kutarisana nekuwedzera kunoramba kuripo kwezvipingamupinyi zvinokonzeresa kutyisidzira kwakanyanya kune simba rekuchengetedza.
Tekinoroji nyowani dzinoramba dzichibuda uye dzichishanda mumasisitimu emagetsi, zvakanyanya kuvandudza dhigirii rehungwaru uye kuoma kwemasisitimu emagetsi. Iko kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira magetsi, kutapurirana, uye kugovera kwakonzera shanduko huru muhunhu hwekuremerwa uye maitiro ehurongwa hwesimba remagetsi, zvichikonzera shanduko dzakadzama mumashandisirwo emagetsi emagetsi. Ruzivo rwekutaurirana, kutonga, uye hungwaru matekinoroji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune ese maficha emagetsi system kugadzirwa uye manejimendi. Iyo dhigirii yehungwaru yemasisitimu emagetsi yakavandudzika zvakanyanya, uye ivo vanogona kuchinjika kune yakakura-yakakura online ongororo uye sarudzo yekutsigira sarudzo. Kuparadzirwa kwemagetsi ekugadzira kwakabatana kune mushandisi wemushandisi wetiweki yekugovera pamwero mukuru, uye simba rekuyerera kwegwaro regridhi rakachinja kubva kune imwe-nzira kuenda kune mbiri-nzira kana kunyange multidirectional. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi emagetsi akangwara ari kubuda murukova rusingaperi, akangwara metres anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hwemagetsi system yekuwana zviteshi zviri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Kuchengetedzwa kwemashoko kwava chinhu chakakosha chenjodzi kune iyo simba system.
Kugadziriswa nekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi zvishoma nezvishoma kupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika akadai semitengo yemagetsi ari kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekukurumidza kusimukira kwehupfumi nenzanga yeChina, indasitiri yemagetsi yakasangana nekusvetuka kukuru kubva padiki kuenda kuhombe, kubva pakuneta kuenda kune yakasimba, uye kubva pakutevera kuenda kukutungamira. Panyaya yehurongwa, kubva kuhurumende kuenda kune bhizinesi, kubva kune imwe fekitori kuenda kune imwe network, kupatsanurwa kwemafekitori uye network, kukwikwidza zvine mwero, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba kubva pakuronga kuenda kumusika kwakatungamira kune nzira yekuvandudza magetsi emagetsi anokodzera mamiriro erudzi rweChina. Iyo yekugadzira nekuvaka kugona uye nhanho yeChina yemagetsi emagetsi tekinoroji nemidziyo inomira pakati peiyo yekutanga-kirasi arrays. Basa repasirese uye zviratidzi zvezvakatipoteredza zvebhizimusi remagetsi zviri kuvandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye yakakura uye yakanyanya tekinoroji simba remagetsi system yakavakwa nekushanda. Musika wemagetsi weChina wanga uchifambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma, iine nzira yakajeka yekuvakwa kwemusika wemagetsi akabatana kubva munharaunda kuenda kudunhu kusvika kumatunhu enyika, uye yakanamatira kuChina mutsara wekutsvaga chokwadi kubva kune chokwadi. Nzira dzemitemo dzakadai sematengo emagetsi zvishoma nezvishoma dzakagadziriswa, uye nzira yemutengo wemagetsi inokodzera kugadzirwa kwepombi yekuchengetedza simba yakatanga kusimbiswa, ichipa mamiriro emitemo yekuona kukosha kwehupfumi hwekugadzirwa kwemvura uye kubudirira.
Shanduko dzakakura dzakaitika mumamiriro emuganhu ekuronga, dhizaini, uye kushanda kwehydropower. Basa guru rechinyakare hydropower chiteshi kuronga uye dhizaini nderekusarudza inogoneka uye ine hupfumi inonzwisisika magetsi chiteshi chiyero uye maitiro ekushanda. Chinowanzo tarisa nyaya dzekuronga mapurojekiti emagetsi pasi pechinangwa chechinangwa chekushandiswa kwakakwana kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zvizere zvinodiwa senge mafashama, kudiridza, kutumira, uye kupa mvura, uye kuita kuenzanisa kwakakwana kwehupfumi, hwemagariro, uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwechikamu chesimba remhepo uye photovoltaic simba, iyo magetsi system ine chinangwa inoda kushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvehydraulic, kupfumisa maitiro ekushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, uye kuita basa rakakura mukuveura ndebvu, frequency modulation, uye kugadzirisa nhanho. Zvinangwa zvakawanda zvaisakwanisika munguva yakapfuura maererano neruzivo rwemichina, midziyo, uye kuvaka zvave kukwanisika mune zveupfumi uye nehunyanzvi. Iyo yepakutanga-imwe nzira yekuchengetera mvura uye yekuburitsa magetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi haichakwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi matsva masisitimu, uye zvinodikanwa kusanganisa maitiro epombi ekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwekutonga kwezviteshi zvemagetsi; Panguva imwecheteyo, tichifunga nezvekudzivirirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi enguva pfupi akadai semapombi emagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi mukusimudzira mashandisirwo emagetsi matsva semagetsi emhepo uye photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira, uye kuomerwa kwekuita basa rekuchengetedza uye kudhura magetsi emagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere dura rekuchengetedza simba rekuvandudza kudzora nguva yekutenderera kwemagetsi, muhurongwa hwekugadzirisa simba remvura. simba remarasha rinobviswa.
Zvido zvekuvandudza zvitsva
Pane chido chekukurumidzira kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, kuwedzera chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi muhurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi, uye kuita basa rakakura. Muchirevo che "dual carbon" chinangwa, iyo yakazara yakaiswa simba remhepo simba uye photovoltaic simba rekugadzira richasvika pamusoro pe 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts ne2030; Zvinotarisirwa kusvika 5 bhiriyoni kusvika 6 bhiriyoni kilowatts muna 2060. Mune ramangwana, pachava nekudiwa kukuru kwekugadzirisa zviwanikwa mumagadzirirwo emagetsi matsva, uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka inodzora magetsi. Tekinoroji yekuChina yemagetsi emagetsi inokwanisa kugadzira huwandu hwakaiswa hwe687 miriyoni kilowatts. Pakupera kwa2021, 391 miriyoni kilowatts dzakagadzirwa, nehuwandu hwebudiriro hunosvika 57%, yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura 90% yebudiriro yedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States. Tichifunga kuti kutenderera kutenderera kwemapurojekiti emagetsi emagetsi akareba (kazhinji makore 5-10), nepo kutenderera kwesimba remhepo uye mapurojekiti ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi kupfupi (kazhinji makore 0.5-1, kana kupfupika) uye anokura nekukurumidza, zvinokurumidza kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwemapurojekiti emagetsi emvura, kupedzisa iwo nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, uye tamba basa ravo nekukurumidza.
Pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kushandura nzira yekuvandudza yemagetsi emagetsi kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvitsva zvekuveura ndebvu mumagadzirirwo matsva emagetsi. Pasi pezvipingamupinyi zve "dual carbon" chinangwa, remangwana remagetsi dhizaini rinotarisa zvakakura zvinodikanwa zvesimba system kushanda kwepamusoro pekuveura ndebvu, uye iri harisi dambudziko iro kuronga musanganiswa nemasimba emusika anogona kugadzirisa, asi inyaya yehunyanzvi hwekuita. Kushanda kwehupfumi, kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwesimba remagetsi kunogona chete kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekutungamira kwemusika, kuronga, uye kutonga kwekushanda pane fungidziro yekuti tekinoroji inogoneka. Kune echinyakare hydropower zviteshi zviri kushanda, pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kukwenenzvera mashandisirwo ezvivakwa zviripo zvekuchengetera uye zvivakwa, zvakakodzera kuwedzera shanduko yekudyara pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, uye kuita zvese kuedza kuvandudza kugona kwekutonga; Kune zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvichangorongwa uye kuvakwa, zvinofanirwa kukurumidza kufunga nezve shanduko huru yemamiriro ezvinhu emuganho akaunzwa nehurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi, uye kuronga nekuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinochinjika uye zvinogadziriswa zvine musanganiswa wezvikero zvenguva refu uye pfupi zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo. Nezvekuchengetwa kwepombi, kuvaka kunofanira kukurumidza pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aripo apo simba rekugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi harina kukwana; Nekufamba kwenguva, kudiwa kwehurongwa hwenguva pfupi yekuveura ndebvu kunofanirwa kutariswa uye chirongwa chayo chekusimudzira chakagadzirwa nesainzi. Kune ekufambisa mvura mhando yepombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi, zvinodikanwa kusanganisa zvinodiwa zvemvura yenyika yekuchinjisa mvura yedunhu, zvese seyemuchinjiko bheseni rekufambisa mvura purojekiti uye sekushandiswa kwakazara kwesimba rekutonga zviwanikwa. Kana zvichidikanwa, inogona zvakare kusanganiswa nehurongwa hwese uye dhizaini yemapurojekiti ekubvisa mvura yegungwa.
Pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ehydropower kugadzira hupfumi hwakanyanya uye kukosha kwemagariro uku uchivimbisa kushanda kwehupfumi uye kwakachengeteka kwemagetsi matsva. Zvichienderana nechinangwa chekusimudzira zvipingamupinyi zvekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kwekabhoni musimba remagetsi, simba idzva zvishoma nezvishoma richava simba guru mugadziriro yemagetsi emagetsi emangwana, uye chikamu chepamusoro kabhoni magetsi masosi senge simba remarasha chichadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kumasangano akawanda ekutsvagisa, pasi pechiitiko chekubviswa kukuru kwesimba remarasha, panosvika 2060, China yakaiswa simba remhepo uye photovoltaic simba rekugadzira rakaverengera 70%; Iyo yakazara yakaiswa simba re hydropower tichifunga nezvepombi yekuchengetedza ingangoita 800 miriyoni kilowatts, inoverengera inosvika gumi%. Mune ramangwana remagetsi magadzirirwo, hydropower ndeye yakavimbika uye inochinjika uye inogadziriswa magetsi sosi, inova ndiyo nheyo yekuona yakachengeteka, yakagadzikana uye yehupfumi kushanda kwesimba idzva remagetsi. Zvinokurumidza kusimuka kubva pazvino "kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakavakirwa, mutemo wakawedzerwa" kusimudzira uye maitiro ekushanda kuenda ku "mutemo wakavakirwa, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunowedzerwa". Saizvozvo, mabhenefiti ehupfumi emabhizinesi emagetsi emagetsi anofanirwa kuiswa muchikamu chekukosha kukuru, uye mabhenefiti emabhizinesi emagetsi emvura anofanirwawo kuwedzera zvakanyanya mari kubva mukupa masevhisi ekugadzirisa kuhurongwa zvichienderana nemari yekutanga yekugadzira magetsi.
Pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kuita hunyanzvi mune hydropower tekinoroji zviyero uye marongero uye masisitimu kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimudzira uye kuenderera mberi kwesimba remvura. Mune ramangwana, chinangwa chinodiwa chemagetsi matsva ndechekuti kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura kunofanirwa kukwidziridzwa, uye iripo yakakodzera tekinoroji zviyero, marongero, uye masisitimu anofanirwawo kuenderana nekuvandudzwa kwesimba remvura. Panyaya yezviyero uye zvakatemwa, zvinokasira kukwidziridza zviyero uye zvakatemwa zvekuronga, dhizaini, mashandiro uye gadziriso zvichibva pakuratidzwa kwemutyairi uye kuisirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi hwesimba idzva remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, pombi yekuchengetera magetsi, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakasanganiswa, uye kufambisa kwemvura pombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi (kusanganisira kurongeka kwemagetsi ekupomba) Panyaya yezvirongwa nehurongwa, pane kudiwa kwekukasika kudzidza nekugadzira mitemo yekukurudzira kutungamira, kutsigira, uye kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kugadzira dhizaini senge misika nemitengo yemagetsi yekushandurwa kwehutsva hutsva hwemagetsi emvura kuita mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye kukurudzira masangano emabhizinesi kushingairira kuita innovative development technology investment, pilot demonstration, uye budiriro huru.
Innovative budiriro nzira uye tarisiro ye hydropower
Iko kuvandudzwa kwesimba rehydropower kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kuvaka rudzi rutsva rwemagetsi system. Izvo zvinodikanwa kutevedzera musimboti wekugadzirisa matanho kumamiriro enzvimbo uye kuita mitemo yakazara. Zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvehunyanzvi zvinofanirwa kugamuchirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi emagetsi mapurojekiti akavakwa nekurongwa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kwete chete zvinoshanda zvinodikanwa zvekugadzira magetsi uye peak shaving, frequency modulation, uye kuenzana, asiwo mashandisirwo akazara ezviwanikwa zvemvura, inogadziriswa simba remedu kuvaka, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Chekupedzisira, chirongwa chakanakisa chinofanirwa kutariswa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakazara kwekubatsira. Nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa simba remagetsi emvura uye nekuvaka yakazara interbasin mvura yekutamisa pombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi (pombi zviteshi), kune zvakakosha zvehupfumi zvichienzaniswa nezvichangobva kuvakwa zviteshi zvekuchengetera magetsi. Pakazere, hapana zvisingakundike zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi zvekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, ine nzvimbo yakakura yekusimudzira uye yakasarudzika mabhenefiti ehupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvakakodzera kutarisisa zvakanyanya uye nekumhanyisa kusimudzira kwakakura kunoenderana nemaitiro ekutyaira.
"Simba rekugadzira + kupomba"
Iyo "simba rekugadzira + kupomba" modhi inoreva kushandisa zvivakwa zve hydraulic sezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura uye madhamu, pamwe nekufambisa magetsi uye zvivakwa zvekushandura, kusarudza nzvimbo dzakakodzera kuzasi kwechiteshi chemvura chekugezera chemvura kuvaka dhamu rekuchinjisa mvura kuti rigadzire dziva rezasi, kuwedzera pombi yekupomba, mapaipi, uye kushandisa zvimwe zvivakwa zvekutanga, dura remvura. Pahwaro hwekutanga hydropower station yekugadzira magetsi basa, kuwedzera basa rekupomba kwesimba remagetsi panguva yakaderera, uye vachiri kushandisa yekutanga hydraulic turbine jenareta mayunitsi ekugadzira magetsi, Kuti uwedzere kupomba uye kuchengetedza kugona kweyekutanga hydropower station, nekudaro kuvandudza kugona kwekutonga kwehydropower station (ona Mufananidzo 1). Dziva rezasi rinogonawo kuvakwa rakaparadzana panzvimbo yakakodzera zasi kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura. Kana uchigadzira dhamu rezasi kuzasi kwepombi yemvura yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura, zvinokurudzirwa kudzora mwero wemvura kuti usakanganise kushanda kwemagetsi ekutanga kwehydropower station. Tichifunga nezve optimization yemaitiro ekushanda uye zvinoshanda zvinodikanwa zvekutora chikamu mukuenzanisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti pombi ishongedzerwe ine synchronous mota. Iyi modhi inowanzoshanda kune shanduko inoshanda yezviteshi zvehydropower zviri kushanda. Midziyo uye zvivakwa zvinochinjika uye zviri nyore, zvine hunhu hwekudyara kwakaderera, nguva pfupi yekuvaka, uye nekukurumidza mhedzisiro.
"Simba rekugadzira + pumped power generation"
Musiyano mukuru pakati pe "simba rekugadzira + kupomba simba rekugadzira" modhi uye "simba rekugadzira + kupomba" maitiro ndewekuti kushandura pombi yekupomba kuita pombi yekuchengetera unit kunowedzera zvakananga basa rekupombi rekuchengetedza rekutanga chiteshi chemagetsi emagetsi, nekudaro kuvandudza kugona kweiyo hydropower station. Iyo yekumisikidza nheyo yepasi reservoir inoenderana ne "simba rekugadzira + kupomba" maitiro. Iyi modhi inogona zvakare kushandisa dura rekutanga sedhiri repasi uye kuvaka dhamu repamusoro panzvimbo yakakodzera. Kune zviteshi zvitsva zvemagetsi emvura, pamusoro pekuisa mamwe majenareta seti akajairwa, mapombi ekuchengetera zvikamu zvine humwe huwandu anogona kuiswa. Tichifunga kuti iyo yakakura kubuda kweimwe hydropower station iP1 uye yakawedzera pombi yekuchengetera simba iP2, simba rekushanda rechiteshi chemagetsi maererano nehurongwa hwemagetsi huchawedzerwa kubva (0, P1) kusvika (- P2, P1 + P2).
Kudzokororwa kweCascade hydropower station
Cascade yekuvandudza modhi inogamuchirwa kusimudzira nzizi zhinji muChina, uye akatevedzana ezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, seJinsha River neDadu River, anovakwa. Kuboka idzva kana riripo reCascade hydropower station, mune zviteshi zviviri zviri padyo nehydropower, dhamu repamusoro cascade hydropower station rinoshanda sedhamu repamusoro uye rezasi cascade hydropower station rinoshanda sedhamu rezasi. Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo chaiyo, kutora mvura kwakakodzera kunogona kusarudzwa, uye budiriro inogona kuitwa nekubatanidza nzira mbiri dze "simba rekugadzira + kupomba" uye "simba rekugadzira + kupomba simba rekugadzira". Iyi modhi inokodzera kuvakwazve kweCascade hydropower stations, iyo inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya simba rekutonga uye kudzora nguva kutenderera kwecascade hydropower zviteshi, zvine mabhenefiti akakosha. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza marongerwo echiteshi chemagetsi emagetsi chakagadzirwa murwizi rwerwizi kuChina. Chinhambwe kubva panzvimbo yedhamu rechiteshi chemagetsi chemvura chiri pamusoro pemvura kusvika pamvura yakadzika chinhambwe chiri pasi pemakiromita makumi mashanu.
Local balancing
"Local balancing" modhi inoreva kuvakwa kwesimba remhepo uye photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira mapurojekiti padyo nezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, uye kuzvigadzirisa uye kuenzanisa mashandiro ehydropower station kuti iwane yakagadzikana kubuda kwemagetsi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa kuronga. Tichifunga kuti iwo main hydropower maunitsi ese anoshanda zvinoenderana nemagetsi sisitimu yekutumira, iyi modhi inogona kuiswa kune radial kuyerera magetsi zviteshi uye zvimwe zviteshi zvidiki zvehydropower izvo zvisina kukodzera shanduko yakakura uye kazhinji hazvina kurongwa seyakajairwa peak shaving uye frequency modulation mabasa. Iko kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emvura kunogona kudzorwa nyore nyore, simba ravo renguva pfupi rinogona kushandiswa, uye chiyero chemunharaunda uye simba rakagadzikana rinobuda rinogona kuwanikwa, uku uchivandudza kushandiswa kweasset kwetambo dzekufambisa dziripo.
Mvura uye simba peak regulation complex
Mamiriro e "kutonga kwemvura uye peak simba regulation complex" yakavakirwa padanho rekuvaka rekutonga kwemvura pombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi, zvakasanganiswa nemapurojekiti makuru ekuchengetedza mvura senge hombe-yakakura interbasin kufambiswa kwemvura, kuvaka batch remadhamu uye nzvimbo dzekuchinjisa, uye kushandisa inodonhedza musoro pakati pemadhamu kuvaka batch, pombi yemagetsi pombi yemagetsi. kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye kuchengetedza yakaoma. Muchiito chekuendesa mvura kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemvura kuenda kunzvimbo dzakaderera, iyo "Water Transfer uye Power Peak shaving Complex" inogona kushandisa zvizere kudonhedza musoro kuti iwane mabhenefiti ekugadzira magetsi, ichiwana kufambiswa kwemvura kure uye kuderedza mari yekufambisa mvura. Panguva imwecheteyo, "mvura uye simba peak shaving complex" inogona kushanda sehombe-yakakura inotumirwa mutoro uye simba remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, kupa mitemo yemitemo yehurongwa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakaoma inogona zvakare kusanganiswa nemapurojekiti ekubvisa mvura yegungwa kuti iwane mashandisirwo akazara ekuvandudza zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kutonga kwesimba remagetsi.
Mvura yegungwa inopombiwa kuchengetedza
Mvura yegungwa inopomba magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi inogona kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera pamhenderekedzo yekuvaka dhamu repamusoro, vachishandisa gungwa sedziva rezasi. Nenzvimbo iri kuramba ichioma yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi, mvura yegungwa inopomba magetsi ekuchengetedza yakagamuchira tarisiro yemadhipatimendi akakodzera enyika uye vakaita ongororo dzezviwanikwa uye bvunzo dzekutsvagira kumberi. Mvura yegungwa yekupombi yekuchengetera inogona zvakare kusanganiswa nekukura kwakazara kwesimba remvura, wave simba, offshore mhepo simba, zvichingodaro, kuvaka hombe yekuchengetera uye kureba kutenderera kutenderera kupomba ekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi.
Kunze kwekumhanya-kwe-rwizi hydropower zviteshi uye zvimwe zviteshi zvidiki zvehydropower zvisina simba rekuchengetedza, akawanda hydropower zviteshi zvine imwe reservoir simba zvinogona kudzidza uye kuita pumped kuchengetedza basa shanduko. Mune ichangobva kuvakwa hydropower station, imwe chiyero chepombi yekuchengetera zvikamu inogona kugadzirwa uye kurongeka sese. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kushandiswa kwemaitiro matsva ekuvandudza kunogona kukurumidza kuwedzera chiyero chepamusoro-soro chekuveura kwepamusoro neinenge 100 miriyoni kilowatts; Kushandisa "mutemo wemvura uye simba peak shaving complex" uye mvura yegungwa inoputirwa kuchengetedza simba rekugadzira magetsi inogonawo kuunza zvakakosha zvikuru-yepamusoro-soro yekuveura kwepamusoro, iyo yakakosha zvikuru pakuvaka uye kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwemasimba matsva emagetsi, ane zvakakosha zvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu.
Mazano ekuvandudza nekuvandudzwa kwehydropower
Chekutanga, kuronga dhizaini yepamusoro-soro yekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi nekusimudzira nekukurumidza, uye topa gwara rekutsigira kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura uye budiriro zvichienderana nebasa iri. Ita tsvakiridzo yakatenderedza nyaya hombe senge ideology inotungamira, chinzvimbo chekusimudzira, nheyo dzakakosha, kuronga zvinotungamira, uye marongero ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, uye nechikonzero ichi gadzirira zvirongwa zvebudiriro, kujekesa matanho ebudiriro uye zvinotarisirwa, uye kutungamira masangano emusika kuti aite zvakarongeka kusimudzira chirongwa.
Chechipiri ndechekuronga nekuita tekinoroji uye hupfumi hwekuita ongororo uye mapurojekiti ekuratidzira. Mukubatana nekuvakwa kwemagetsi matsva masisitimu emagetsi, kuronga nekuita ongororo dzezviwanikwa zvezviteshi zvemagetsi uye ongororo yehunyanzvi uye yehupfumi yemapurojekiti, kurudzira zvirongwa zvekuvaka engineering, sarudza mapurojekiti einjiniya ekuita zviratidzo zveinjiniya, uye kuunganidza ruzivo rwekusimudzira kwakakura.
Chechitatu, tsigira kutsvagisa uye kuratidzwa kweakakosha matekinoroji. Nekumisikidza mapurojekiti esainzi uye tekinoroji yenyika nedzimwe nzira, isu tichatsigira zvakakosha uye zvepasi rose tekinoroji kubudirira, kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakakosha, uye kuratidzira mashandisirwo mumunda wekugadzira magetsi emvura nekusimudzira, kusanganisira asi zvisingaganhurirwe kune zvigadzirwa zvekupomba mvura yegungwa nekuchengetera pombi turbines, uye ongororo uye dhizaini yakakura-yakakura yekufambisa mvura yedunhu uye peak peak yekuveura makomba.
Chechina, gadzira mitemo yezvemari neyemutero, kubvumidzwa kweprojekiti, uye mitemo yemitengo yemagetsi kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Inotarisa pazvinhu zvese zvekuvandudza kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, marongero akadai sekuderedzwa kwemari yemubereko, rubatsiro rwekudyara, uye kurudziro yemutero inofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo mumatanho ekutanga ekuvandudzwa kweprojekiti, kusanganisira tsigiro yemari yakasvibira, kudzikisa mutengo wemari wepurojekiti; Kumapurojekiti ekugadziridza kwepombi asingachinji zvakanyanya maitiro emvura yenzizi, nzira dzemvumo dzakareruka dzinofanirwa kuitwa kudzikisa kutenderera kwemvumo yekutonga; Gadzirisai mutengo wemagetsi ehuwandu hwemapombi ekuchengetera mayuniti uye mutengo wemagetsi wekugadzira magetsi epombi kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzoka kweukoshi hune musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-22-2023
