Kuvandudzwa nekukurumidza uye kwakakura kwekuvaka kwakaunza matambudziko ekuchengetedzeka, mhando uye kushomeka kwevashandi. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa pakuvaka sisitimu itsva yemagetsi, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemagetsi dzinopombwa dzakatenderwa kuvaka gore rega rega. Nguva yekuvaka inodiwa yakapfupikiswawo kubva pamakore 8-10 kusvika kumakore 4-6. Kuvandudzwa nekukurumidza kwepurojekiti kuchaunza matambudziko ekuchengetedzeka, mhando uye kushomeka kwevashandi.
Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko akatevedzana anokonzerwa nekukura nekukurumidza uye kuvaka mapurojekiti, mayuniti ekuvaka nekutarisira mapurojekiti anofanirwa kutanga aita tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi uye maitiro ekugadzira michina nehunyanzvi hweinjiniya yezvivakwa zvekuchengetera zvinopombwa. Tekinoroji yeTBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) inounzwa yekuchera mapako akawanda epasi pevhu, uye michina yeTBM inogadzirwa pamwe chete nehunhu hwechiteshi chemagetsi chekuchengetera zvinopombwa, uye chirongwa chehunyanzvi chekuvaka chinogadzirwa. Tichifunga nezvezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda zvakaita sekuchera, kutumira, kutsigira uye inverted arch panguva yekuvaka kwezvivakwa, chirongwa chekutsigira chemaitiro ese ekuvaka nehunyanzvi chakagadzirwa, uye tsvakiridzo yakaitwa pamisoro yakaita sekushanda nehunyanzvi kwemidziyo yemaitiro imwe chete, otomatiki yehurongwa hwekuvaka hwemaitiro ese, kushandurwa kweruzivo rwekuvaka kwemidziyo, kuvaka pasina munhu kwemidziyo yemagetsi inodzorwa kure, kuongorora kwehungwaru hwekuona kwemhando yekuvaka, nezvimwewo, Kugadzira michina nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuvaka nehunyanzvi.
Panyaya yekushandiswa kwemichina nenjere dzeinjiniya yemakanika nemagetsi, tinogona kuongorora kudiwa kwekushandiswa uye mukana wekushandiswa kwemichina nenjere kubva muzvinhu zvekuderedza vashandisi, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwebasa, kuderedza njodzi dzebasa, nezvimwewo, uye kugadzira michina yakasiyana-siyana yeinjiniya yemakanika nemagetsi uye michina yekuvaka nenjere uye masisitimu ezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda kwekuisa michina yemakanika nemagetsi.
Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini yeinjiniya ye3D uye tekinoroji yekufananidzira inogona kushandiswawo kugadzira nekutevedzera zvimwe zvivakwa nemidziyo pachine nguva, izvo zvisingangogone kupedzisa chikamu chebasa pachine nguva, kupfupisa nguva yekuvaka panzvimbo, asiwo kuita kugamuchirwa kwebasa uye kudzora mhando pachine nguva, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya kunaka uye nhanho yekutarisira kuchengetedzeka.
Kushanda kukuru kwechiteshi chemagetsi kunounza dambudziko rekushanda kwakavimbika, kudiwa kwakangwara uye kwakasimba. Kushanda kukuru kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa kuchaunza matambudziko akadai semitengo yakakwira yekushanda nekugadzirisa, kushomeka kwevashandi, nezvimwewo. Kuti kuderedza mari yekushanda nekugadzirisa, chinhu chikuru ndechekuvandudza kuvimbika kwekushanda kwezviteshi zvekupomba; Kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushomeka kwevashandi, zvakakosha kuita manejimendi yekushanda kwakangwara uye kwakasimba yechiteshi chemagetsi.
Kuti vawedzere kuvimbika kwekushanda kweyuniti, maererano nekusarudza nekugadzira mhando dzemidziyo, mainjiniya vanofanirwa kupfupikisa zvakadzama ruzivo rwekugadzira nekushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa, kuita dhizaini yekuvandudza, kusarudzwa kwemhando uye tsvakiridzo yekuenzanisa pamidziyo yakakodzera yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopombwa, uye kuzvigadzirisa zvichienderana neruzivo rwekugadzira michina, kugadzirisa matambudziko nekugadzirisa. Panyaya yekugadzira michina, zviteshi zvekuchengetedza zvinopombwa zvechinyakare zvichiri nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira michina mumaoko evagadziri vekunze. Zvakakosha kuita tsvakiridzo yenzvimbo pamidziyo iyi "inodzivira", uye kubatanidza ruzivo rwemakore ekushanda nekugadzirisa uye mazano mairi, kuitira kuti zvinyatso vandudza mhando yechigadzirwa uye kuvimbika kwekushanda kwemidziyo iyi mikuru. Panyaya yekutarisa mashandiro emidziyo, mainjiniya vanofanirwa kugadzira zvakarongeka zviyero zvekutarisa mamiriro emidziyo kubva pamaonero ekutarisa mamiriro emidziyo uye kuyerwa, kuita tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamatanho ekudzora michina, maitiro ekutarisa mamiriro uye nzira dzekuongorora hutano zvichibva pane zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, kuvaka ongororo yakangwara uye puratifomu yekunyevera yekutanga yekutarisa mamiriro emidziyo, kuwana njodzi dzakavanzika mumidziyo pachine nguva uye kuita yambiro yekutanga nenguva.
Kuti vagone kuita manejimendi ekugadzirisa magetsi nehunyanzvi uye nesimba, mainjiniya vanofanirwa kuita tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekudzora otomatiki kwemidziyo kana tekinoroji imwe chete yakakosha maererano nekudzora nekushanda kwemidziyo, kuitira kuti vagone kutanga nekudzima uye kudzora mutoro weyuniti pasina kupindira kwevashandi, uye vagone kuita kutevedzana kwekushanda uye kusimbisa hungwaru hwakawanda zvakanyanya sezvinobvira; Panyaya yekuongorora michina, mainjiniya vanogona kuita tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi pakuona kwemuchina, kuona kwekunzwa kwemuchina, kuongorora marobhoti nezvimwe zvinhu, uye kuita hunyanzvi pakuchinja michina yekuongorora; Panyaya yekushanda kwakasimba kwechiteshi chemagetsi, zvakakosha kuita tsvakiridzo nekudzidzira tekinoroji yekutarisa yemunhu mumwe chete nefekitori dzakawanda kuti vagadzirise zvinobudirira dambudziko rekushomeka kwevanhu vari pabasa rinokonzereswa nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinopombwa.
Kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera pombi uye kushanda kwakabatana kwekuwedzera simba rakawanda kunokonzereswa nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo zhinji dzesimba idzva dzakaparadzirwa. Chinhu chinoshamisa chehurongwa hutsva hwesimba ndechekuti kune huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba idzva diki rakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzegrid, richishanda mugrid ine voltage shoma. Kuti utore uye ushandise simba idzva iri rakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye zvinobudirira kuderedza kuzara kwesimba regrid guru remagetsi, zvakakosha kuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchengetera pombi dzakaparadzirwa pedyo nenzvimbo itsva dzesimba dzakagoverwa kuti uwane nzvimbo yekuchengetera, kushandisa uye kushandisa simba idzva kuburikidza negrid ine voltage shoma. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuwedzera simba repombi uye kushanda kwakabatana kwekuwedzera simba rakawanda.
Zvinodiwa kuti mainjiniya nematekiniki vaite tsvakiridzo yakasimba pakusarudza nzvimbo, kugadzira, kuronga uye kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera zvinhu, kusanganisira nzvimbo diki dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera zvinhu dzinodzoserwa, kushanda kwemapombi nematurbine pasina coaxial, kushanda pamwe chete kwenzvimbo diki dzemagetsi emvura nenzvimbo dzepombi, nezvimwewo; Panguva imwe chete, tsvakiridzo nekuratidzira mapurojekiti pahunyanzvi hwekushanda hwenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera zvinhu dzinofambiswa nemhepo, chiedza uye simba remvura zvinoitwa kuti zvipe mhinduro dzehunyanzvi dzekutsvaga kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba uye kudyidzana kwehupfumi muhurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi.
Dambudziko re "choke" yehunyanzvi hwe "variable-speed pumped storage units" dzakagadziriswa kune high elastic power grid. Variable speed pumped storage units dzine hunhu hwekupindura nekukurumidza kune primary frequency regulation, adjustable input force pasi pemamiriro ekushanda kwepombi, uye unit inoshanda pa optimal curve, pamwe ne sensitive response uye high moment of inertia. Kuti udzivise zvinobudirira kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana kwe power grid, gadzirisa nemazvo uye tora simba rakawandisa rinogadzirwa nesimba idzva parutivi rwekugadzira uye parutivi rwemushandisi, uye utonge zviri nani load balance ye power grid ine elastic uye interactive, zvakakosha kuwedzera huwandu hwe variable speed units mu power grid. Zvisinei, parizvino, matekinoroji mazhinji akakosha e variable speed water pumping uye storage units achiri mumaoko evagadziri vekune dzimwe nyika, uye dambudziko re "choke" yehunyanzvi rinofanira kugadziriswa.
Kuti tikwanise kudzora matekinoroji makuru akakosha, zvakakosha kuti tiise pfungwa dzedu pakutsvagisa kwesainzi yemuno nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvakadzama pakugadzira nekugadzira mota dzemagetsi dzinochinja-chinja uye mapombi emagetsi, kugadzira nzira dzekudzora nemidziyo yevashanduri veAC excitation, kugadzira nzira dzekudzora dzakabatana nemidziyo yemayuniti anochinja-chinja, kutsvaga nzira dzekudzora dzemayuniti anochinja-chinja, kutsvaga nzira dzekushandura mamiriro ekushanda uye nzira dzakabatanidzwa dzekudzora mayuniti anochinja-chinja, kuona dhizaini yakazara yenzvimbo uye kugadzirwa uye kuratidzwa kwekushandiswa kwemayuniti makuru anochinja-chinja.
Mukupfupisa, nekukura nekukurumidza nekuvakwa kwemasimba matsva, zvakakosha kukurumidzisa tsvakiridzo pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwekuvaka nehunyanzvi, tekinoroji yekushanda nesimba uye yakasimba yemagetsi emagetsi uye tekinoroji yekushanda nesimba yakawanda uye yakabatana yemagetsi ekuchengetedza anopombwa, kuvaka akawanda madiki nepakati emagetsi ekuchengetera anopombwa ane simba idzva rakagoverwa zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo, uye kukurudzira nesimba kushandiswa kwenzvimbo uye mainjiniya emayuniti ekuchengetera anopombwa ane kumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana. Vashandi vesainzi nehunyanzvi vanofanirwa kushandisa mukana wekuvandudza, kuwana gwara rakakodzera rekutsvagisa, uye kupa mipiro yakakodzera mukuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi uye kuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa che "dual carbon".
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-28-2022
