Munguva pfupi yapfuura, hurumende yeSwitzerland yakagadzira mutemo mutsva. Kana dambudziko remagetsi riripo rikawedzera, Switzerland icharambidza kutyaira mota dzemagetsi pakufamba "zvisina kufanira".
Ruzivo rwakakodzera runoratidza kuti inosvika 60% yesimba reSwitzerland rinobva kuzviteshi zvemagetsi zvinobuda mumvura uye 30% kubva kusimba renyukireya. Zvisinei, hurumende yakavimbisa kubvisa simba rayo renyukireya, nepo mamwe ese achibva kumapurazi emhepo nemafuta ekare. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti Switzerland inogadzira simba rakakwana gore rega rega kuti ichengetedze chiedza, asi kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwemwaka kuchaita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi.
Mvura inonaya nechando zvinonyunguduka mumwedzi inodziya zvinogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura murwizi uye kupa zviwanikwa zvinodiwa pakugadzira magetsi emvura. Zvisinei, huwandu hwemvura mumadziva nenzizi mumwedzi inotonhora uye mwaka wechirimo wekuEurope usingawanzooma hwadzikira, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, saka Switzerland inofanira kuvimba nekutenga simba rinotengwa kunze kwenyika.
Kare, Switzerland yaitenga magetsi kubva kuFrance neGermany kuti ikwanise kugutsa zvese zvainoda pamagetsi, asi gore rino mamiriro ezvinhu achinja, uye simba rinopihwa kunyika dziri pedyo rakabatikanawo.
France yanga iri mutengesi wemagetsi kubva kunze kwenyika kwemakumi emakore, asi muhafu yekutanga ya2022, simba renyukireya reFrance rakagara richidzikira. Parizvino, kuwanikwa kwemagetsi enyukireya eFrance kwakakwira zvishoma kupfuura 50%, zvichiita kuti France ive mutengesi wemagetsi kekutanga. Zvakare nekuda kwekudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwesimba renyukireya, France inogona kutarisana nenjodzi yekukundikana kwesimba remagetsi munguva yechando ino. Pakutanga, kambani yemagetsi yeFrance yakati ichaderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi ne1% kusvika 5% mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutanga, uye ne15% zvakanyanya pasi pemamiriro akaipisisa. Sekureva kweruzivo rwemagetsi rwazvino rwakaburitswa neFrench BFM TV musi wechipiri, kambani yemagetsi yeFrance yakatanga kugadzira hurongwa hwakananga hwekudzimwa kwesimba remagetsi. Nzvimbo dzekudzimwa kwesimba remagetsi dziri munyika yese, uye mhuri yega yega ine kudzimwa kwesimba remagetsi kwemaawa maviri pazuva, uye kamwe chete pazuva.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muGermany akafanana. Panyaya yekurasikirwa kwepombi yeRussia yegesi yechisikigo, masangano ehurumende anofanira kunetseka.
Kubva muna Chikumi gore rino, Elcom, Swiss Federal Power Commission, yakati nekuda kwekuderera kwemagetsi enyukireya ekuFrance nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, magetsi anotengwa neSwitzerland kubva kuFrance munguva yechando ino anogona kunge akaderera zvakanyanya pane ayo emakore apfuura, izvo zvisingabvisi dambudziko rekushaya simba remagetsi rakakwana.
Sekureva kwenhau, Switzerland ingangoda kutenga magetsi kubva kuGermany, Austria nedzimwe nyika dziri pedyo neItaly. Zvisinei, sekureva kweElcom, kuwanikwa kwemagetsi anotengeswa kunze kwenyika idzi kunoenderana zvikuru nekuwanikwa kwemafuta efossil anobva mugasi rechisikigo.
Musiyano wemagetsi wakakura sei muSwitzerland? Sekureva kwemishumo yenhau dzekunze, Switzerland ine kudiwa kwemagetsi anosvika 4GWh munguva yechando ino. Sei usingasarudze nzvimbo dzekuchengetera magetsi? Mutengo ndicho chikonzero chakakosha. Chinoshayikwa zvakanyanya muEurope itekinoroji yekuchengetedza magetsi yemwaka nenguva refu. Parizvino, kuchengetedza magetsi kwenguva refu hakuna kufarirwa uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
Sekureva kweongororo yakaitwa neElcom pamakambani emagetsi ekuSwitzerland mazana matanhatu negumi nematatu, vazhinji vemakambani aya vanotarisirwa kuwedzera mitengo yemagetsi ne47%, zvichireva kuti mitengo yemagetsi emumba ichakwira ne20%. Kuwedzera kwemitengo yegesi yechisikigo, marasha nekabhoni, pamwe nekuderera kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi enyukireya muFrance, zvese zvakabatsira mukukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi muSwitzerland.
Zvichienderana nemutengo wemagetsi we183.97 euros/MWh (inenge 1.36 yuan/kWh) muSwitzerland, mutengo wemagetsi we4GWh pamusika unoenderana ne 735900 euros, anenge mamiriyoni 5.44 yuan. Kana mutengo wemagetsi wakakwira muna Nyamavhuvhu uri 488.14 euro/MWh (inenge 3.61 yuan/kWh), mutengo we4GWh unoenderana ne 14.4348 miriyoni yuan.
Kurambidzwa kwemagetsi! Kurambidzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi zvisina basa
Nhau dzakawanda dzakashuma kuti kuitira kugadzirisa kushomeka kwemagetsi uye kuona kuti magetsi akachengeteka munguva yechando ino, Swiss Federal Council parizvino iri kunyora gwaro rinopa mitemo pamusoro pe "kudzora nekurambidza kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi kuona kuti simba renyika riripo", rinojekesa hurongwa hwematanho mana ekudzivirira kudzimwa kwemagetsi, uye rinoisa zvirambidzo zvakasiyana kana matambudziko emazinga akasiyana akaitika.
Zvisinei, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha chine chekuita nekurambidzwa kwekutyaira mota dzemagetsi padanho rechitatu. Gwaro iri rinoda kuti "mota dzemagetsi dzepachivande dzinongotenderwa kushandiswa pakufamba kunodiwa chete (sezvinodiwa nehunyanzvi, kutenga, kuona chiremba, kupinda muzviitiko zvechitendero, uye kupinda musangano wedare)."
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi dzekuSwitzerland hunosvika 300000 pagore, uye huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi huri kuwedzera. Muna 2021, mota dzemagetsi dzakanyoreswa 31823 dzakawedzerwa muSwitzerland, uye huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi itsva muSwitzerland kubva muna Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2022 hwakasvika 25%. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushomeka kwemachipisi nematambudziko emagetsi, kukura kwemotokari dzemagetsi muSwitzerland gore rino hakuna kunaka sekwakaitika mumakore apfuura.
Switzerland inoronga kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi mumaguta nekurambidza kuchaja mota dzemagetsi mune dzimwe nguva. Iyi inzira itsva asi yakanyanyisa, iyo inoratidza zvakare kushaikwa kwemagetsi muEurope. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Switzerland inogona kunge iri nyika yekutanga pasi rose kurambidza mota dzemagetsi. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu unoshamisawo, nekuti pari zvino, kutakurwa kwenyika yose kuri kuchinja kubva kumotokari dzemafuta kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta epasi uye kuona shanduko yesimba rakachena.
Kana mota dzemagetsi dzakawanda dzakabatana negrid yemagetsi, zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekushaikwa kwemagetsi kwakakwana uye kuunza matambudziko pakushanda kwakasimba kwesystem yemagetsi. Zvisinei, maererano nemaonero enyanzvi muindasitiri, mota dzemagetsi dzichasimudzirwa zvakanyanya mune ramangwana dzinogonawo kushandiswa senzvimbo dzekuchengetera magetsi uye pamwe chete dzinodanwa kuti dzitore chikamu mukuchekerera zvakanyanya uye kuzadza grid yemagetsi mumipata. Varidzi vemotokari vanogona kuchaja kana kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwakaderera. Vanogona kudzosera simba remagetsi kugrid yemagetsi panguva yekushandisa simba zvakanyanya, kana kunyangwe simba diki. Izvi zvinoderedza kumanikidzwa kwesimba remagetsi, zvinovimbisa kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana kwesystem yemagetsi, uye zvakare zvinovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem yemagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2022
