Munguva pfupi yapfuura, hurumende yeSwitzerland yakanyora mutemo mutsva. Kana dambudziko remagetsi riripo richiwedzera, Switzerland inorambidza kutyaira mota dzemagetsi "zvisina kufanira" kufamba.
Mashoko akakodzera anoratidza kuti inenge 60% yesimba reSwitzerland rinobva kune hydropower stations uye 30% kubva kusimba renyukireya. Zvakadaro, hurumende yakavimbisa kumisa simba rayo renyukireya, asi mamwe acho anobva mumapurazi emhepo nemafuta echinyakare. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti Switzerland inogadzira simba rakakwana gore rega rega kuchengetedza mwenje, asi kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwemwaka kunotungamira kumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisike.
Mvura inonaya uye kunyungudika kwechando mumwedzi inodziya zvinogona kuchengetedza mvura yerwizi uye kupa zviwanikwa zvinodiwa pakugadzira magetsi emvura. Zvakadaro, mwero wemvura wemadziva nenzizi mumwedzi inotonhora uye kuoma kwezhizha kuEurope kwakadzikira, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemagetsi emagetsi, saka Switzerland inofanirwa kuvimba nekutenga simba kunze kwenyika.
Kare, Switzerland yaitenga magetsi kubva kuFrance neGermany kuti ikwane zvose zvinodiwa nemagetsi, asi gore rino zvinhu zvachinja, uye simba renyika dziri pedyo rakabatikanawo.
France yanga iri mutengesi wemagetsi kunze kwemakumi emakore, asi muhafu yekutanga ya2022, simba renyukireya reFrance rakatambura kakawanda. Parizvino, kuwanikwa kweFrench nuclear power units kwakakwira zvishoma kudarika 50%, zvichiita kuti France ive mutengesi wemagetsi kekutanga. Zvakare nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi enyukireya, France inogona kutarisana nenjodzi yekukundikana kwemagetsi munguva ino yechando. Pakutanga, muFrench grid opareta akataura kuti yaizodzikisa kushandiswa ne1% kusvika 5% pasi pemamiriro ekutanga, uye zvakanyanya 15% pasi peyakanyanya kesi. Zvinoenderana neazvino ruzivo rwemagetsi emagetsi akaburitswa neFrench BFM TV musi wechipiri, French magetsi grid anotanga kugadzira hurongwa hwekudzima magetsi. Nzvimbo dzekudzimwa kwemagetsi dziri munyika yose, uye mhuri yega yega ine magetsi anosvika maawa maviri pazuva, uye kamwe chete pazuva.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muGermany akafanana. Panyaya yekurasika kwepombi yeRussia gasi remusikirwo, veruzhinji vanofanirwa kunetsa.
Kubva munaJune gore rino, Elcom, Swiss Federal Power Commission, yakataura kuti nekuda kwekuderedzwa kweFrench nuclear power generic uye magetsi ekutengesa kunze, magetsi eSwitzerland anotengeswa kubva kuFrance munguva ino yechando angave akaderera zvikuru kupfuura makore apfuura, izvo zvisingaregi dambudziko rekushaya simba kwesimba.
Sekureva kwenhau, Switzerland ingangoda kuunza magetsi kubva kuGermany, Austria nedzimwe nyika dzakavakidzana dzeItari. Zvakadaro, maererano neElcom, kuwanikwa kwemagetsi ekutengesa kunze kwenyika idzi kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekuvepo kwemafuta emafuta egasi.
Yakakura sei gaka remagetsi muSwitzerland? Maererano nemishumo yezvekune dzimwe nyika, Switzerland ine inenge 4GWh magetsi ekunze anodiwa munguva ino yechando. Wadii kusarudza magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi? Mutengo ndicho chikonzero chakakosha. Izvo zvinoshaikwa neEurope ndeyemwaka uye yenguva refu yekuchengetedza simba tekinoroji. Parizvino, kuchengetedza kwesimba kwenguva refu hakuna kufarirwa uye kushandiswa pamwero mukuru.
Maererano neongororo yakaitwa neElcom pa613 Swiss power suppliers, vashandi vakawanda vanotarisirwa kuwedzera mari yavo yemagetsi inenge 47%, zvinoreva kuti mitengo yemagetsi edzimba ichawedzera ne20%. Kuwedzera kwemitengo yegasi, marasha nekabhoni, pamwe nekudzikira kwemagetsi enyukireya echiFrench, zvese zvakakonzera kukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi muSwitzerland.
Zvinoenderana neazvino mutengo wemagetsi we183.97 euros/MWh (angangoita 1.36 yuan/kWh) muSwitzerland, mutengo wemusika unoenderana wemagetsi e4GWh ingangoita 735900 euros, ingangoita 5.44 miriyoni yuan. Kana mutengo wepamusoro wemagetsi muna Nyamavhuvhu uri 488.14 euro/MWh (inenge 3.61 yuan/kWh), mutengo unoenderana we4GWh ungangoita 14.4348 miriyoni yuan.
Kurambidzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi! Kurambidzwa kusingakoshi kwemotokari dzemagetsi
Nhepfenyuro dzakati wandei dzakashuma kuti kuitira kutarisana nekushomeka kwemagetsi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwesimba munguva ino yechando, Swiss Federal Council parizvino iri kunyora gwaro rinopa mitemo ye "kurambidza uye kurambidza kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi kuve nechokwadi chekupa nyika", inojekesa danho rekuita chirongwa chekudzivirira kudzimwa kwemagetsi, uye inoshandisa zvirambidzo zvakasiyana kana matambudziko emazinga akasiyana aitika.
Nekudaro, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha chine chekuita nekurambidzwa kwekutyaira mota dzemagetsi padanho rechitatu. Gwaro racho rinoda kuti “motokari dzemagetsi dzega dzega dzingobvumirwa kushandiswa pakufamba kwakakodzera (zvakadai sezvinodiwa nenyanzvi, kutenga, kuona chiremba, kuenda kumitambo yechitendero, uye kuenda kudare).
Mumakore achangopfuura, avhareji yekutengesa mota dzeSwitzerland mota dzinenge 300000 pagore, uye chikamu chemotokari dzemagetsi chiri kuwedzera. Muna 2021, 31823 motokari itsva dzemagetsi dzakanyoreswa dzakawedzerwa muSwitzerland, uye chikamu chemotokari itsva dzemagetsi muSwitzerland kubva muna Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2022 yakasvika 25%. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusakwana machipisi uye matambudziko ekupa magetsi, kukura kwemotokari dzemagetsi muSwitzerland gore rino hakuna kunaka senge makore apfuura.
Switzerland inoronga kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemagetsi mumadhorobha nekurambidza kuchaja mota dzemagetsi mune dzimwe nguva. Ichi chiyero chine hutsva asi chakanyanyisa, icho chinowedzera kuratidza kukomba kwekushomeka kwemagetsi muEurope. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Switzerland inogona kuve nyika yekutanga pasi rose kurambidza mota dzemagetsi. Nekudaro, uyu mutemo zvakare unokatyamadza, nekuti parizvino, kufambiswa kwepasirese kuri kutama kubva kumotokari dzemafuta kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta efosi uye kuona shanduko yesimba rakachena.
Kana nhamba huru yemotokari yemagetsi yakabatanidzwa kune girasi remagetsi, inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekusakwana kwemagetsi uye kuunza matambudziko kune yakagadzikana kushanda kwesimba remagetsi. Zvisinei, maererano nemafungiro evanyanzvi mumhizha, motokari dzemagetsi dzichasimudzirwa pamwero mukuru mune ramangwana dzinogonawo kushandiswa sezvivako zvekuchengetedza simba uye pamwe chete dzinodanwa kuti dzitore chikamu mukuveura kwepamusoro uye kuzadza mumupata wemagetsi emagetsi. Varidzi vemotokari vanogona kubhadharisa kana simba rekushandisa rakaderera. Vanogona kudzoreredza magetsi kune gidhi remagetsi panguva yepamusoro yekushandiswa kwemagetsi, kana kunyangwe simba racho ripfupi. Izvi zvinobvisa simba rekupa simba, inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa uye kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi, uye zvakare inovandudza kushanda kwesimba remagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2022
