Kuti vabatsire kuzadzisa chinangwa che "carbon peaking, carbon neutralization" uye kuvaka hurongwa hwemagetsi hutsva, China Southern Power Grid Corporation yakanyatsorongedzerwa kuti ivake hurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba ne2030 uye kuvaka zvizere hurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi panosvika 2060. Muchiitiko ichi, tichasimbisa zvakasimba kuchengetedza pombi. Yakarongwa kuwedzera huwandu hwakaiswa hwe6 miriyoni kilowatts, 15 miriyoni kilowatts uye 15 miriyoni kilowatts zvakateerana munguva ye "Gumi neMana, Gumi neshanu uye Gumi neGumi neMashanu Chirongwa". Tichaedza kusvika mamirioni makumi mana nemana emakilowatts epombi yekuchengetera simba mudunhu rekumaodzanyemba panosvika 2035, tichiita kuti ive rudzi rutsva rwemagetsi system disturbance balancer, load balancer uye power grid stabilizer.
Kwakabva: WeChat official account "China Energy Media Intelligent Manufacturing"
Munyori: Peng Yumin, Energy Storage Research Institute yeChina Southern Power Grid Peak shaving uye Frequency Modulation Power Generation Co., Ltd.
Hunhu hunokosha hwemagetsi matsva
Iyo itsva simba system inotongwa nesimba rakachena, uye chikamu chesimba idzva mukushandiswa kwesimba richaramba richiwedzera, zvishoma nezvishoma kuumba chimiro chekushandiswa kwesimba nesimba idzva, hydropower, simba renyukireya senzira huru yekugadzira magetsi. Huwandu hwemafossil simba rekushandisa huchadzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti risangane nekasitiri yakanangana nekabhoni, uye yakasara yakaiswa simba refossil simba richashandiswa sesimba rekuchengetedza simba remagetsi matsva. Muhurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi, simba idzva richabatanidzwa kune girasi remagetsi nenzira yepakati uye yakagoverwa. Panyaya yekupinda pakati, dunhu rekumaodzanyemba rinovavarira kuwana simba remhepo remugungwa rinopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri nemana emhepo, simba remhepo remugungwa rinopfuura 20 miriyoni kilowatts, uye photovoltaic kupinda kweanopfuura 56 miriyoni kilowatts panosvika 2025. Panyaya yekugovaniswa kwemhepo, yakagovaniswa magetsi masosi ane simba diki uye magidhi epasi anogona kuvakwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Musimba idzva rine simba idzva semuviri mukuru, iyo chaiyo inobuda yemagetsi matsva ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze, ayo ane hunhu hwakajeka hwekuerekana, kushanduka uye kupindirana. Iko kushandiswa kwakakura kwekutsiva simba remagetsi, imba yekuchengetera simba rekushandisa uye imba yakangwara inoita kuti mushandisi weparutivi mutoro ukure munzira yakasiana uye inodyidzana, uye mushandisi terminal anopinda mune nyowani modhi iri mutengi uye mugadziri. Iyo nyowani yemagetsi sisitimu ine simba idzva sezvo muviri mukuru unopa "mbiri yepamusoro" maitiro ehupamhi hwehuwandu hwesimba idzva uye yakakwira chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Kuti utsungirire kushanduka-shanduka kwesimba idzva uye akasiyana-siyana akanyanyisa mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinodikanwa kuenzanisa iyo yakaiswa simba rekupombi chengetedzo nechikero chinowirirana zvichienderana neakaisirwa kugona uye kubuda kwesimba idzva. Kana kubudiswa kwesimba idzva kusingawanzoitiki, kuchengetedza kwepombi kunofanira kuchengetedza mamiriro emagetsi matsva egridi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye kudzivirira kuchinjwa kwesimba idzva kune simba remagetsi echinyakare. Naizvozvo, kusimudzirwa uye kuvakwa kwepombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi kuchave nekukurumidza uye kwakakura-hukuru.
Matambudziko uye zviyereso zvekukurumidza uye hukuru-hukuru hwekuvandudza kwepombi yekuchengetedza
Iko kukurumidza uye hukuru-kukura uye kuvaka kwaunza matambudziko ekuchengetedza, kunaka uye kushomeka kwevashandi. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa pakuvaka zvegadziriro yemagetsi matsva, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi zvakabvumidzwa kuti zvivakwe gore negore. Nguva yekuvaka inodiwa zvakare yakapfupikiswa zvakanyanya kubva pamakore 8-10 kusvika kumakore 4-6. Kukurumidza kuvandudza nekuvakwa kweprojekiti kuchaunza matambudziko ekuchengetedza, kunaka uye kushomeka kwevashandi.
Kuti ugadzirise matambudziko akatevedzana akaunzwa nekukasira kusimudzira uye kuvaka mapurojekiti, kuvaka uye manejimendi ekugadzirisa mapurojekiti anofanirwa kutanga aita tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi uye kudzidzira pamusoro pemakina uye hungwaru hweinjiniya yepombi yekuchengetera magetsi emagetsi. TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tekinoroji inounzwa pakuchera nhamba huru yemapako epasi pevhu, uye michina yeTBM inogadzirwa pamwe chete nehunhu hwepombi yekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi, uye chirongwa chehunyanzvi chekuvaka chinogadzirwa. Tichitarisa mamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekuita senge kuchera, kutumira, kutsigirwa uye inverted arch panguva yekuvaka, chirongwa chekutsigira chehurongwa hwese hwekugadzira mechan uye nehungwaru kuvaka chakagadzirwa, uye tsvakiridzo yakaitwa pamisoro yakadai sehungwaru kushanda kweimwe process michina, otomatiki yehurongwa hwese hwekuvaka system, digitalization yeruzivo rwemichina yekuvaka, kuvakwa kusina kurongwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hunyanzvi hwekuvaka, kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana, kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekuvaka. michina uye akangwara kuvaka midziyo uye masisitimu.
Panyaya yemakina uye hungwaru hweinjiniya nemagetsi, tinogona kuongorora kudiwa kwechishandiso uye mukana wekugadzirisa uye hungwaru kubva kuzvinhu zvekudzikisira vashandisi, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza njodzi dzebasa, nezvimwewo, nekugadzira akasiyana mechanic uye magetsi einjiniya mechanization uye hungwaru kuvaka midziyo uye masisitimu eakasiyana mashandisirwo emamiriro ekugadzira michina nemagetsi ekushandisa.
Uye zvakare, 3D engineering dhizaini uye tekinoroji yekunyepedzera inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira uye kutevedzera zvimwe zvivakwa nemidziyo pachine nguva, izvo zvisingagone kungopedza chikamu chebasa pachine nguva, kupfupisa nguva yekuvaka panzvimbo, asi zvakare kuita kugamuchirwa kwekushanda uye kutonga kwemhando pachine nguva, zvinobudirira kuvandudza kunaka uye kuchengetedza manejimendi.
Iko kushanda kukuru kwechiteshi chemagetsi kunounza dambudziko rekushanda kwakavimbika, kungwara uye kudiwa kwakanyanya. Makuru ekushanda kwemapombi emagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi achaunza matambudziko akadai sepamusoro pekushanda nekugadzirisa mari, kushayikwa kwevashandi, nezvimwewo. Kuti kuderedze mari yekushanda nekugadzirisa, chinhu chikuru ndechekuvandudza kushanda kwekuvimbika kwepumped storage units; Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko rekushomeka kwevashandi, zvinodikanwa kuona hungwaru uye hwakanyanya mashandiro ekutonga kwesimba remagetsi.
Kuti uvandudze kuvimbika kwekushanda kweyuniti, maererano nesarudzo yemhando yemidziyo uye dhizaini, matekinoroji anofanirwa kupfupikisa zvakadzama chiitiko chinoshanda mukugadzira uye kushanda kwepombi yekuchengetera magetsi zvidyarwa, kuita dhizaini yekugadzira, sarudzo yemhando uye yekumisikidza tsvakiridzo pane yakakodzera michina subsystems yepombi yekuchengetera magetsi zvidyarwa, uye vagadzirise ivo zvakare zvichienderana nekumisikidzwa kwemidziyo, kubata kukanganisa uye kugadzirisa ruzivo. Panyaya yekugadzira michina, zvechinyakare pumped storage units zvichine mamwe akakosha ekugadzira tekinoroji mumaoko evagadziri vekunze. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita tsvakiridzo yenzvimbo pane iyi "choke" michina, uye nekubatanidza makore ekushanda uye kugadzirisa ruzivo uye mazano mavari, kuitira kuti inyatso kuvandudza chigadzirwa mhando uye kuvimbika kwekushanda kweiyi yakakosha midziyo. Panyaya yekuongorora mashandiro emidziyo, matekinoroji anofanirwa kugadzira zvine hungwaru mamiriro emidziyo yekutarisa mamiriro ekumisikidzwa kubva pamaonero ekuonekwa kwemidziyo mamiriro uye kuyerwa, kuita zvakadzama tsvakiridzo pamusoro pematanho ekudzora michina, nzira dzekutarisa mamiriro uye nzira dzekuongorora hutano zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, kuvaka ongororo yakangwara uye yekutanga yambiro chikuva chekutarisa mamiriro emidziyo mukutanga nguva yakavanzika uye kuita yambiro.
Kuti uone hungwaru uye hwakadzama mashandiro ekutonga kwesimba remagetsi, matekinoroji anofanirwa kuita tsvakiridzo pamidziyo otomatiki kudzora kana imwe kiyi yekushandisa tekinoroji maererano nekutonga kwemidziyo nekushanda, kuitira kuti vazive zvizere otomatiki kutanga uye kudzima uye kurodha mutemo weyuniti pasina kupindira kwevashandi, uye kuona kutevedzana kwekushanda uye multi-dimensional hungwaru simbiso kusvika pazvinogoneka; Panyaya yekuongorora kwemidziyo, matekinoroji anogona kuita tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi pakuona kwemuchina, kuona muchina, kuongorora marobhoti uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye kuita tekinoroji tsika pakutsiva michina yekuongorora; Panyaya yekushanda kwakasimba kwechiteshi chemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuita tsvakiridzo uye kudzidzira pane yepakati yekutarisa tekinoroji yemunhu mumwe uye zvidyarwa zvakawanda kugadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko rekushaikwa kwevanhu pabasa rinounzwa nekuvandudzwa kwemapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi.
Iyo miniaturization yekuchengetera kwepombi uye kushanda kwakabatanidzwa kweakawanda simba rekuwedzera rinounzwa nekushandiswa kwenhamba yakawanda yakaparadzirwa magetsi matsva. Chinhu chinoshamisa chegadziriro yemagetsi matsva ndechokuti kune nhamba huru yemagetsi maduku-duku akapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzegridhi, kushanda mumagetsi emagetsi. Kutora uye kushandisa aya masosi matsva akagoverwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye nekudzikamisa kuzara kwemagetsi kwegedhi hombe yemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuvaka akaparadzirwa akapombi ekuchengetedza mayuniti padhuze neakagoverwa emagetsi masosi kuti uone kuchengetwa kwenzvimbo, kushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwesimba idzva kuburikidza neakaderera-voltage magetsi emagetsi. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa matambudziko e miniaturization yepombi yekuchengetedza uye yakabatanidzwa kushanda kweakawanda simba rekuwedzera.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti mainjiniya uye matekinoroji aite tsvakiridzo nesimba pakusarudza nzvimbo, dhizaini nekugadzira, kudzora zano uye kushandiswa kwakabatanidzwa kwemarudzi akawanda akaparadzirwa emagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi, anosanganisira madiki anodzoreredzwa akapombi ekuchengetedza mayuniti, coaxial yakazvimirira kushanda kwemapombi uye turbines, kushanda pamwe chete kwezviteshi zvidiki zvehydropower uye pombi zviteshi, nezvimwe; Panguva imwecheteyo, kutsvagisa uye kuratidzwa kweprojekiti pane yakabatanidzwa tekinoroji yekushanda kwepombi yekuchengetedza uye mhepo, chiedza uye hydropower inoitwa kupa mazano ehunyanzvi mhinduro dzekuongorora kushanda kwesimba uye kudyidzana kwehupfumi muhurongwa hutsva hwemagetsi.
Dambudziko rehunyanzvi "kukachirwa" yeinosiyana-yekumhanyisa pumped kuchengetedza zvikamu zvakachinjirwa kune yakakwira elastic simba grid. Variable speed pumped storage units vane maitiro ekukurumidza kupindura kune primary frequency regulation, inogadziriswa yekupinda simba pasi pepombi yekushanda mamiriro, uye chikwata chinoshanda pane optimal curve, pamwe chete nemhinduro inonzwisisika uye nguva yakakwirira ye inertia. Kuti zvinyatso dzikamisa kusarongeka uye kushata kwegedhi remagetsi, kunyatso gadzirisa uye kutora simba rakawandisa rinogadzirwa nesimba idzva padivi rechizvarwa uye nedivi remushandisi, uye kudzora zvirinani chiyero chemutoro weiyo yakanyanyisa elastic uye inopindirana gidhi remagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere chikamu chekuchinja-kumhanya kwezvikamu mugedhi remagetsi. Nekudaro, pari zvino, mazhinji eakakosha matekinoroji ekusiyana-siyana ekumhanya kwemvura kupomba uye ekuchengetedza zvikamu achiri mumaoko evagadziri vekunze, uye dambudziko rehunyanzvi "choke" rinoda kugadziriswa.
Kuti uone kudzora kwakazvimiririra kweakakosha etekinoroji, zvinodikanwa kutarisisa tsvakiridzo yemumba yesainzi uye masimba ehunyanzvi kuita zvakadzama dhizaini uye kusimudzira majenareta ejenareta motors uye pombi turbines, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekudzora uye zvishandiso zveA AC excitation converters, kuvandudzwa kweakarongedzerwa maitiro ekudzora uye zvishandiso zvekuchinja-kumhanya mayuniti, iyo inochinja-inomhanyisa dhizaini yekutsvagisa dhizaini yekushandura mamiriro egavhuna-anochinja maitiro maitiro uye akabatanidzwa ekutonga mazano ekuchinja-kumhanya mayuniti, Ziva iyo yakazara yenzvimbo dhizaini nekugadzira uye engineering kuratidzira kushandiswa kwemahombe akasiyana ekumhanya mayunitsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2022
