Simba inzvimbo huru yekusapindirana kwecarbon muCarbon Peak. Mumakore maviri apfuura kubva apo Munyori Mukuru Xi Jinping akapa chiziviso chikuru chekusapindirana kwecarbon muchikamu chepamusoro checarbon, madhipatimendi ese akakodzera munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana akadzidza zvakakwana uye akaisa pfungwa dzehurukuro dzakakosha dzeMunyori Mukuru Xi Jinping nemirairo, uye akaisa nekuchenjera zvisarudzo nekushandiswa kwePati Central Committee neState Council uye basa rekusapindirana kwecarbon muchikamu chepamusoro checarbon. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neboka rinotungamira, shanduko yegreen nelow-carbon yesimba yave ichikurudzirwa nekushingaira, zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakarongeka, uye mhedzisiro inoshamisa yakawanikwa.
1. Kurumidza kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwesimba risiri rezvisaririra
(1) Simba idzva rakaramba richikura nekukurumidza. Gadzira uye shandisa hurongwa hwekuronga nekugadzira mabhesi makuru emagetsi emhepo anotarisa kumagwenga, Gobi, nenzvimbo dzerenje. Huwandu hwakarongwa hwese hunosvika mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mashanu emakirowati. Parizvino, chikamu chekutanga chemapurojekiti emagetsi emamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu emakirowati ese atanga kuvaka, uye chikamu chechipiri cherunyorwa rwemapurojekiti chaburitswa. Fambisa basa rekutanga uye ronga uye ronga chikamu chechitatu chemapurojekiti ebhesi. Kurudzira zvishoma nezvishoma chirongwa chekutanga chekuvandudza magetsi emhepo akagoverwa padenga redunhu rese. Kubva pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, chiyero chakanyoreswa chechirongwa chenyika chekuedza chaive mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu emakirowati. Kurudzira nehurongwa kuvaka mabhesi emagetsi emhepo ari kunze kwegungwa muShandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, kuchamhembe kweFujian, kumabvazuva kweGuangdong, neBeibu Gulf. Kubva muna 2020, kugona kwakaiswa kwesimba remhepo rakawedzerwa uye simba rezuva kwakapfuura mamiriyoni zana emakirowati kwemakore maviri akateedzana, zvichiita kuti ive inenge 60% yesimba rese rekugadzira magetsi idzva mugore. Kufambira mberi kwekugadzirwa kwesimba rebiomass, kusvika pakupera kwaChikunguru gore rino, simba rekugadzira simba rebiomass raive mamiriyoni 39.67 kilowatts. Shandai nemadhipatimendi akakodzera kuti mutsvage nekutsigira kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi epasi pevhu uye mafuta ebio-liquid asiri echikafu. Kurudzirai kugadzirwa kweindasitiri kwefekitari yekutanga yekuchenesa mafuta e cellulose ethanol inoburitsa mafuta emumba ine simba regore negore rematani 30,000. Chirongwa chepakati nepakati nerefu chekuvandudza indasitiri yesimba reHydrogen (2021-2035) chakaburitswa. Muna 2021, simba rekugadzira simba idzva pagore richapfuura 1 trillion kWh kekutanga.
(2) Kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti emagetsi emvura akajairwa kwave kuchifambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuronga kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kukurudzira nesimba kuronga kwemagetsi emvura nekuvakwa kwemapurojekiti makuru emagetsi emvura mumipata mikuru yenzizi dzakadai senzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeRwizi rwaJinsha, nzvimbo dzepakati dzeRwizi rwaYalong, nenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeRwizi rweYellow. Zviteshi zveMagetsi zveWudongde neLianghekou zvakatanga kushanda zvizere. Chiteshi cheMagetsi cheBaihetan chakapedzwa uye chakatanga kushanda nemayuniti gumi Nyamavhuvhu asati apera gore rino. Purojekiti yeChiteshi cheMagetsi cheRwizi rwaJinsha Xulong yakatenderwa kuvakwa kutanga kwaChikumi gore rino. Kubva muna 2021 kusvika Chikumi gore rino, makirowati mamiriyoni matanhatu emagetsi emvura akajairwa akatangwa. Kubva pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, simba remagetsi emvura renyika rakasvika kumakirowati mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu, kuwedzera kwemakirowati mamiriyoni makumi maviri mugore ra2020, uye inoda kusvika 50% yechinangwa chekuwedzera makirowati mamiriyoni makumi mana munguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana" chapedzwa.
(3) Simba renyukireya rinochengetedza kufamba kwakaringana kwekuvaka. Kukurudzira kuvaka simba renyukireya nekushingaira uye zvakarongeka pasi pechinangwa chekuona kuchengetedzeka. Hualong Nhamba 1, Guohe Nhamba 1 purojekiti yekuratidzira, chirongwa chekuratidzira reactor inotonhorera gasi inopisa zvakanyanya pamwe nemamwe mapurojekiti ari kuvakwa ari kukurudzirwa pasi pechinangwa chekuona kuti mhando yacho yakanaka. Muna Ndira 2021, Fuqing Nhamba 5, murwi wekutanga pasi rose weHualong Nhamba 1, wakapedzwa uye wakatanga kushanda. Kubva muna Chikunguru gore rino, nyika yangu ine mayuniti esimba renyukireya makumi manomwe nenomwe ari kushanda uye ari kuvakwa, ane simba rakaiswa remakilowatts 83.35 miriyoni.
Kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwakaitwa mukuvandudza nekushandisa simba rezvisaririra nenzira yakachena uye inoshanda
(1) Kuvandudzwa kwakachena uye kwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwemalahle kuri kuramba kuchikura. Shandisa simba remarasha nemalahle mukutsigira nekuvimbisa shanduko yemagetsi ine kabhoni shoma. Ramba uchiita basa rakanaka mu "combined boxing" yekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemalahle uye kuona kuti aripo, kushandisa sisitimu yekuchengetedza marasha uye mutoro wekugovera, kudzikamisa mutemo wevimbiso yekugovera marasha, kusimbisa hurongwa hwekugadzira marasha enyika, uye kuramba uchiburitsa kugona kwekugadzira kwepamusoro kuti uwedzere kugadzirwa kwemalahle zvinobudirira uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Tsvaga uye kurudzira kuratidzwa kwekuyedza kwekupatsanurwa kwemhando yepasi yemalahle uye kushandiswa. Shandisa zvizere kugona kwesimba remarasha. Zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakarongeka kukurudzira kubviswa kwesimba rekugadzira kumashure muindasitiri yemagetsi emalahle. Muna 2021, simba remarasha richave risingasviki 50% yesimba rakaiswa, kugadzira 60% yemagetsi enyika, uye kuita 70% yemabasa epamusoro. Shandisa zvizere "kubatanidza kutatu" kwesimba remarasha rekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kabhoni, kushanduka uye kushandura kupisa. Muna 2021, 240 miriyoni kilowatts yekuchinja yapedzwa. Hwaro hwakanaka hunoiswa pachinangwa.
(2) Kuvandudzwa kwemafuta negasi kwemhando yepamusoro kuri kuenderera mberi. Kurudzira hurongwa hwemakore manomwe hwekutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta negasi, uye kuwedzera simba rekutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta negasi. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa kuchave matani mamiriyoni 199, izvo zvagara zvakagadzikana uye zvadzokazve kwemakore matatu akatevedzana, uye kugadzirwa kwegasi rechisikigo kuchave 207.6 bhiriyoni cubic metres, nekuwedzera kweanopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi cubic metres kwemakore mashanu akatevedzana. Kurumidza kukura kukuru kwezviwanikwa zvemafuta negasi zvisina kujairika. Muna 2021, kubuda kwemafuta eshale kuchave matani mamiriyoni 2.4, kubuda kwegasi reshale kuchave 23 bhiriyoni cubic metres, uye kushandiswa kwemethane yemarasha kuchave 7.7 bhiriyoni cubic metres, kuchengetedza kukura kwakanaka. Kurumidza kuvaka zvivakwa zvemafuta negasi, kukurudzira kuvaka mapaipi emafuta negasi nemapurojekiti akakosha ekubatanidza, uye kuwedzera "network imwe yenyika". Kugona kuchengetera gasi rechisikigo kwavandudzika nekukurumidza, uye huwandu hwekuchengetera gasi hwakapetwa kaviri mumakore anopfuura matatu. Kurudzira zvakasimba kuiswa kwekuvandudzwa kwemhando yemafuta akacheneswa, uye zvinobudirira kuvimbisa kuwanikwa kwepeturu nedhiziri zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvedanho rechitanhatu renyika. Kushandiswa kwemafuta negasi kucharamba kuri kukura zvine mwero, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta negasi kuchave neinenge 27.4% yesimba rese rinoshandiswa muna 2021.
(3) Kurumidza kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi rinotsiviwa nenzira yakachena. Mitemo yakaita se "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting Electric Energy Substitution" yakaunzwa kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai semaindasitiri, kutakura, kuvaka, kurima nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa. Kurudzira zvakanyanya kupisa kwakachena munharaunda yekuchamhembe. Pakupera kwa2021, nzvimbo yekudziya yakachena ichasvika mabhiriyoni 15.6 emamita mativi mana, nechiyero chekupisa chakachena che73.6%, ichipfuura chinangwa chakarongwa, uye ichitsiva matani anopfuura mamiriyoni 150 emarasha asina kusimba, izvo zvichabatsira kuderedza huwandu hwePM2.5 nekuvandudza mhando yemhepo. Mwero wekupa unopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu. Kurumidza kuvaka zvivakwa zvekuchaja mota dzemagetsi. Kubva muna Chikunguru gore rino, mayuniti anosvika mamiriyoni 3.98 akavakwa, ayo anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira mota dzemagetsi. Kuratidzwa kwekushandiswa kwakazara kwesimba renyukireya kwakaitwa. Nzvimbo yese yekudziya yechikamu chekutanga nechechipiri chechirongwa chekudziya simba renyukireya muHaiyang, Shandong Province yadarika mamiriyoni mashanu emamita mativi mana, zvichiita kuti "kufukidza kwakazara" kwekudziyisa simba renyukireya muHaiyang City. Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Energy Heating Project yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo, ikava chirongwa chekutanga chekudziya simba renyukireya mudunhu rekumaodzanyemba.
Kufambira mberi kwakasimba mukuvakwa kwemasimba matatu matsva
(1) Kugona kugovera zviwanikwa zvemagetsi mumatunhu ese kwave kuchiwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kupedzwa uye kuiswa mukushanda kweYazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC nedzimwe nzira dzekutumira magetsi pakati pematunhu, zvinokurumidzisa kusimudzirwa kwemapurojekiti eBaihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong akabatana eDC, uye nzira dzekutumira magetsi dzeNanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, Zhumadian-Wuhan nedzimwe nzira dzekutumira magetsi dzinoyambuka matunhu. Kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti eUHV AC mumatunhu nenzvimbo zvinosimudzira nzira dzekutumira magetsi dze "AC nhatu nepfumbamwe dzakananga" dzinoyambuka matunhu. Kuronga nekusimudzira kubatana kwechikamu chekutanga chemapurojekiti makuru esimba remhepo remagetsi emhepo kugrid. Pakupera kwa2021, kugona kwekutumira magetsi emagetsi kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva kwenyika kuchasvika 290 miriyoni kilowatts, kuwedzera kwe20 miriyoni kilowatts zvichienzaniswa nekupera kwa2020.
(2) Kugona kugadzirisa simba remagetsi kwavandudzika zvikuru. Kukurudzira shanduko yesimba remagetsi emarasha. Pakupera kwa2021, kushandiswa kwekuchinja simba kuchapfuura mamiriyoni zana emakirowati. Kugadzira uye kuburitsa Chirongwa cheKuvandudza Kwenguva Repakati Nerefu cheKuchengeta Pumped (2021-2035), kukurudzira kuumbwa kwezvirongwa zvekushandisa nematunhu uye chirongwa chebasa chekubvumidza chirongwa che "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana", uye kukurumidzisa kuvaka mapurojekiti ane hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza, ane mamiriro ekunze akakura, uye ane zviratidzo zvakanaka. Kusvika pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, kugona kwekuchengetedza simba kwakaiswa kwakasvika mamiriyoni makumi mana nemaviri emakirowati. Chirongwa che "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana" New Energy Storage Development Implementation Plan chakaburitswa kuti kukurumidzise kusiyanisa, maindasitiri, uye kukura kukuru kwekuchengetedza simba idzva. Pakupera kwa2021, kugona kwekuchengetedza simba idzva kuchapfuura mamiriyoni mana emakirowati. Kukurudzira kuvakwa nekukurumidza kwemapurojekiti emagetsi egasi akakodzera. Pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, simba rekugadzira magetsi egasi rechisikigo raive rinenge mamiriyoni zana negumi emakirowatts, kuwedzera kwemamiriyoni gumi emakirowatts zvichienzaniswa negore ra2020. Tungamirai nharaunda dzese kuti dziite basa rakanaka mukupindura kudiwa kwemagetsi kuti dzideredze kudiwa kwemagetsi akawanda.
Vimbiso ina dzekutsigira shanduko yesimba dziri kuramba dzichisimba
(1) Kukurumidzisa kufambira mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yesimba. Humwe hunyanzvi hukuru hwesainzi netekinoroji hwakawana budiriro itsva, hwakadzidza tekinoroji yesimba renyukireya yechizvarwa chechitatu, hwakavaka unit yemagetsi emvura inosvika miriyoni imwe ine simba guru reuniti imwe chete pasi rose, uye hwakavandudza rekodhi yepasi rose yekushanda zvakanaka kwemasero e photovoltaic kakawanda. Kufambira mberi kutsva kwakaitwa muR&D uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hutsva hwesimba hwakadai sekuchengetera simba nesimba rehydrogen. Kuvandudza nzira yekuvandudza, kugadzira uye kuburitsa "Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chechi14 cheSainzi neTekinoroji muMunda weSimba", kugadzirisa nzira dzekuongorora nekuongorora dzekutanga (seti) yemidziyo mikuru yetekinoroji mumunda wesimba, uye kuronga kutanga kwechikamu chekutanga chenyika cheR&D yesimba uye mapuratifomu ekuvandudza panguva yekusarudza nekuzivikanwa kwe"Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chechi14".
(2) Kugadziriswa kwehurongwa hwesimba uye mashandiro kwakaramba kuchiwedzerwa. Kwakaburitswa uye kwakaitwa "Mazano Ekutungamira Pakukurumidzisa Kuvaka Sisitimu Yenyika Yemagetsi Yakabatana". Mhinduro kuhurongwa hwekushanda kwekuvaka musika wemagetsi wedunhu rekumaodzanyemba. Kuvakwa kwemusika wemagetsi kwakasimudzirwa nekushingaira uye zvakatsiga, uye nzvimbo nhanhatu dzekutanga dzenzvimbo dzekuedza magetsi dzinosanganisira Shanxi dzakaita basa rekuyedza kugadzirisa kusagadzikana. Muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, magetsi ekutengeserana kwenyika akatarisana nemusika aive 2.5 trillion kWh, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe45.8%, zvichireva 61% yekushandiswa kwemagetsi munharaunda yese. Ita shanduko yekuwedzera yemuridzi wemagetsi mumunda wesimba idzva, tsvakiridza uye sarudza mapurojekiti akakosha. Kurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemutengo wemarasha, mutengo wemagetsi, uye nzira yekugadzira mitengo yekuchengetedza yakapumirwa, sunungura mutengo wemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, bvisa mutengo wemagetsi wekutengesa maindasitiri neemabhizinesi, uye kusimudzira vashandisi vemaindasitiri neemabhizinesi kuti vapinde mumusika. Kurumidza kuumbwa nekuvandudzwa kweMutemo weSimba, Mutemo weMarasha neMutemo weSimba reMagetsi.
(3) Vimbiso yemutemo wekuchinja kwesimba yakawedzerwa kuvandudzwa. Yakaburitsa nekushandisa "Purogiramu Yekushandisa Yekusimudzira Simba Risina Kabhoni Yakawanda uye Shanduko Yekabhoni Yakaderera Kuti Iite Basa Rakanaka reKuwedzera Kabhoni", "Maonero Ekuvandudza Sisitimu, Maitiro, uye Matanho Emitemo Yekushandura Simba Risina Kabhoni Yakaderera" uye Purogiramu Yekushandisa Yekuwedzera Kabhoni muIndasitiri yeMarasha, Oiri neGasi Rechisikigo, uye yakaburitsa "Nezve" Purogiramu Yekushandisa Yekusimudzira Kuvandudzwa Kwemhando Yepamusoro kweSimba Itsva muNguva Itsva", inokurudzira kushandurwa kwesimba regirini nerisina kabhoni yakawandisa, uye inogadzira kubatana kwemutemo. Simbisa tsvakiridzo pazvinhu zvakakosha nezvinonetsa, uye ronga mapato akakodzera kuti aite tsvakiridzo yakadzama munzira dzekuchinja simba.
Mudanho rinotevera, National Development and Reform Commission pamwe neNational Energy Administration vachashandisa zvizere mweya we20th National Congress yeCommunist Party yeChina, uye vacharamba vachisimudzira "Mafungiro eKushandisa Zvakakwana, Zvakarurama uye Zvakakwana Pfungwa yeKuvandudza uye Kuita Basa Rakanaka reCarbon Peak Carbon Neutrality" uye "2030 Kuitwa kwemabasa akakodzera eChirongwa Chekuita Kuti Carbon Isvike Peak Mugore Rinotevera kuchasimudzira zvinobudirira kushandiswa kwenhevedzano yemitemo yekuwedzera kabhoni muchikamu chesimba. Kubva mumamiriro chaiwo enyika, tinofanira kutevedzera musimboti wekuisa pakutanga, kutanga tisati taputsa, uye kuronga kwakazara, kusimudzira nesimba uye zvakarongeka shanduko yesimba regreen nelow-carbon zvichibva pakuona kuchengetedzeka kwekuwanikwa kwesimba, kukurudzira nesimba kugadziriswa kwechimiro chesimba uye kuderedzwa kwekabhoni muketani yeindasitiri yesimba, uye kukurudzira indasitiri yemarasha. Kugadzirisa kusanganiswa nesimba idzva, kusimbisa hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji yesimba uye kugadziriswa kwesystem ne mechanism, uye kupa vimbiso yesimba regreen, low-carbon, rakachengeteka uye rakavimbika rekuzadzisa chinangwa chekusava nekabhoni pakukwirira kwekabhoni sezvakarongwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-06-2022
