Simba inzvimbo yakakosha yekusarerekera kabhoni muCarbon Peak. Mumakore maviri apfuura kubva Secretary General Xi Jinping akaita chiziviso chikuru pamusoro pekusarerekera kwekabhoni pamusoro pekabhoni, madhipatimendi ese akakodzera mumatunhu akasiyana akanyatso ongorora uye nekuita mweya weMunyori Mukuru Xi Jinping hurukuro nemirayiridzo yakakosha, uye nehana kuita sarudzo uye kutumirwa kweBato reCentral Committee uye State Council uye basa rekushandura kabhoni kusarerekera kune yakasvibira kune inotungamira boka rinotungamira. resimba rave richikurudzirwa, zvakatsiga uye zvakarongeka, uye mhedzisiro inoshamisa yave kuwanikwa.
1. Kurumidza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwesimba risiri-fossil
(1) Simba idzva rakaramba richikura nokukurumidza. Gadzira uye ita hurongwa hwekuronga uye kuronga kwehukuru-hukuru hwemhepo simba photovoltaic zvigadziko zvinotarisa kumagwenga, Gobi, uye nzvimbo dzerenje. Chiyero chakarongwa chinokwana 450 miriyoni kilowatts. Parizvino, batch yekutanga ye95 miriyoni kilowatt base mapurojekiti ese atanga kuvakwa, uye chikamu chechipiri chechirongwa chechirongwa chakapihwa. Famba mberi basa rekutanga uye kuronga uye kuronga batch yechitatu yemapurojekiti ekutanga. Shingairira kusimudzira purojekiti yekuparadzira photovoltaic padenga redunhu rese. Kubva pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, chiyero chakanyoreswa chechirongwa chekuyedza chenyika chaive 66.15 miriyoni kilowatts. Kurudzirai kuvakwa kwemabhesi emagetsi emhepo ekumahombekombe muShandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, kumaodzanyemba kweFujian, kumabvazuva kweGuangdong, uye Beibu Gulf. Kubva 2020, huwandu hwakaiswa hwesimba remhepo richangowedzerwa uye simba rezuva rakapfuura 100 miriyoni kilowatts kwemakore maviri akatevedzana, achiverengera angangoita makumi matanhatu muzana ezvese zvichangobva kuiswa simba rekugadzira magetsi mugore. Kusimukira kwakasimba kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ebiomass, kubva mukupera kwaChikunguru gore rino, huwandu hwakaiswa hwekugadzira magetsi ebiomass hwaive 39.67 miriyoni kilowatts. Shanda nemadhipatimendi akakodzera kuti utsvage uye utsigire kuvandudzwa kwegeothermal simba uye isiri-chikafu bio-liquid mafuta. Kurudzira kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri ekutanga ega ega cellulose mafuta ethanol kuratidzira chirimwa chine 30,000 matani pagore. Iyo Yepakati uye Yenguva Yakareba Chirongwa cheKukudziridzwa kweHydrogen Energy Indasitiri (2021-2035) yakapihwa. Muna 2021, simba regore rekugadzira simba idzva richapfuura 1 trillion kWh kekutanga.
(2) Kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti emagetsi emagetsi kwave kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Rongedza kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kusimudzira zvine simba kuronga kwemagetsi emvura uye kuvaka mapurojekiti makuru emagetsi emvura mumigero yenzizi dzakakosha senge nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeRwizi rweJinsha, nzvimbo dzepakati peRwizi rweYalong, uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeRwizi rweYero. Iwo Wudongde neLianghekou Hydropower Stations akaiswa zvizere mukushanda. Iyo Baihetan Hydropower Station yakapedzwa uye yakaiswa mukushanda nezvikamu gumi pamberi pekupera kwaNyamavhuvhu gore rino. Chirongwa cheJinsha River Xulong Hydropower Station chakatenderwa kuvakwa kutanga kwaChikumi gore rino. Kubva 2021 kusvika Chikumi gore rino, 6 miriyoni kilowatts yeyakajairwa hydropower yakatangwa. Kubva pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, simba renyika remagetsi rakaiswa simba remvura rakasvika anenge 360 miriyoni kilowatts, kuwedzera kweanosvika 20 miriyoni kilowatts pamusoro pe2020, uye inoda kusvika 50% yechinangwa chekuwedzera 40 miriyoni kilowatts panguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" yapera.
(3) Simba renyukireya rinochengetedza kufamba kwakatsiga kwekuvaka. Shingairira uye zvakarongeka kusimudzira kuvaka kwemagetsi enyukireya pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa. Hualong No. 1, Guohe No. Muna Ndira 2021, Fuqing Nhamba 5, murwi wekutanga pasi rose weHualong No. 1, wakapedzwa ukatanga kushanda. Kubva muna Chikunguru gore rino, nyika yangu ine 77 mayunitsi emagetsi enyukireya ari kushanda uye ari kuvakwa, ane akaiswa chiyero che83.35 miriyoni kilowatts.
Kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwakaitwa mukuvandudzwa kwakachena uye kwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwefossil simba
(1) Iyo yakachena uye inobudirira kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwemarasha kuri kuramba kuchidzika. Ipa kutamba kwakazara kune basa remarasha nemarasha simba mukutsigira uye kuvimbisa girinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko yesimba. Ramba uchiita basa rakanaka mu "combined boxing" yekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemarasha uye kuve nechokwadi chekupa, kuita kuchengetedzwa kwemarasha uye kugovera mutoro hurongwa, kudzikamisa mutemo wekugovera marasha, kusimbisa kurongwa kwenyika yekugadzira marasha, uye kuenderera mberi kuburitsa emhando yepamusoro kugadzirwa kwemarasha kuti ibudirire uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemarasha. Tsvagurudza uye kusimudzira ratidziro yezviyero zvepasi-chinzvimbo chekuisa marasha uye kushandiswa. Bata zvizere mukana wepamusoro wesimba remarasha. Zvishoma uye zvakarongeka kusimudzira kubviswa kwekudzokera kumashure kugona muindasitiri yemagetsi emarasha. Muna 2021, magetsi emarasha achaita isingasviki 50% yesimba rakaiswa, kuburitsa makumi matanhatu muzana emagetsi emunyika, uye kuita makumi manomwe muzana emabasa epamusoro. Kunyatso shandisa "zvitatu zvinongedzo" zvemarasha simba rekuchengetedza uye kuderedza kabhoni, kushanduka uye kupisa shanduko. Muna 2021, 240 miriyoni kilowatts yeshanduko yakapedzwa. Nheyo yakanaka inoiswa nokuda kwenharidzano yacho.
(2) Kukwidziridzwa kwemhando yepamusoro kweoiri negasi kunoenderera mberi. Kurudzirai zvakasimba chirongwa chemakore manomwe chekutsvaga nekusimudzira oiri negasi, uye nekuwedzera nesimba kusimba kwekutsvaga nekusimudzira oiri negasi. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kuchena kuchave 199 miriyoni matani, iyo yakagadzikana uye yakawedzera zvakare kwemakore matatu akateedzana, uye kugadzirwa kwegasi rechisikigo kuchave 207.6 bhiriyoni cubic metres, nekuwedzera kweanopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi cubic metres kwemakore mashanu akateedzana. Kurumidza kusimudzira kwakakura kwemafuta asina kujairika uye gasi zviwanikwa. Muna 2021, kubuda kwemafuta e shale kuchave matani 2.4 miriyoni, kubuda kweshale gasi kuchaita 23 bhiriyoni cubic metres, uye kushandiswa kwecoalbed methane kuchaita 7.7 bhiriyoni cubic metres, kuchengetedza kukura kwakanaka. Kurumidza kuvakwa kwemafuta uye gasi zvivakwa, kusimudzira kuvakwa kweoiri uye gasi trunk mapaipi uye makiyi ekubatanidza mapurojekiti, uye nekuwedzera kuvandudza "imwe yenyika network". Iyo yakasikwa gasi yekuchengetedza yakagadziridzwa nekukurumidza, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza gasi chakapetwa kaviri mumakore anopfuura matatu. Kurudzirai kwakasimba kukwidziridzwa kwemhando yemafuta akacheneswa, uye nekunyatso kuvimbisa kupihwa kwepeturu nedhiziri zvinosangana nedanho rechitanhatu rinosungirwa nyika. Kushandiswa kwemafuta negasi kuchachengetedza kukura kwakanaka, uye kushandiswa kweoiri negesi kuchada kusvika 27.4% yesimba rekutanga rekushandisa muna 2021.
(3) Kurumidza kushandiswa kwekutsiva kwakachena kwekupedzisira-kushandisa simba. Mitemo yakadai se "Kutungamira Maonero eKuwedzera Kusimudzira Magetsi Kutsiviwa Kwemagetsi" akaunzwa kukurudzira kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzakakosha senge indasitiri, zvekufambisa, kuvaka, zvekurima uye kumaruwa. Kurudzira zvakanyanya kupisa kwakachena munharaunda yekuchamhembe. Pakupera kwa2021, nzvimbo yekudziya yakachena ichasvika 15.6 bhiriyoni masikweya metres, ine yakachena kupisa mwero we73.6%, ichipfuura iyo yakarongwa chinangwa, uye kutsiva anopfuura 150 miriyoni matani emarasha akasununguka zvachose, izvo zvichabatsira kuderedza PM2.5 kusungwa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemweya Mupiro wekupa unodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu. Kurumidza kuvakwa kwemagetsi ekuchaja zvivakwa. Kubva munaChikunguru gore rino, huwandu hwemamiriyoni e3.98 emamiriyoni akavakwa, ayo anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekusimudzira zvemotokari dzemagetsi. Kuratidzira kwekushandiswa kwakadzama kwesimba renyukireya kwaitwa. Nzvimbo yose yekudziya yechikamu chekutanga uye chechipiri chepurojekiti yekupisa simba renyukireya muHaiyang, Shandong Province yakapfuura mamiriyoni mashanu emamita, ichiziva "kufukidza kwakazara" kwekupisa kwesimba renyukireya muHaiyang City. Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Energy Heating Project yakaiswa mukushanda zviri pamutemo, ikava yekutanga purojekiti yekudziya simba renyukireya mudunhu rekumaodzanyemba.
Kufambira mberi kwakatsiga mukuvakwa kwemasisitimu matatu emagetsi matsva
(1) Kugona kugovera zviwanikwa zvemagetsi mumatunhu ese kwave kusimudzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Pedzisa uye isa mukushanda Yazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC uye mamwe epakati-purovhinzi magetsi ekufambisa nzira, mhanyisa kukwidziridzwa kweBaihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong yakabatana DC mapurojekiti, uye Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, imwe nzira yekufambisa-Wuhan uye Zhumadian-Wuhan. Kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti eUHV AC mumatunhu nematunhu anoshingairira kusimudzira "matatu AC nemapfumbamwe akananga" trans-provincial magetsi ekufambisa nzira. Rongedza uye kusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwekutanga batch yehukuru-hukuru hwemhepo simba photovoltaic base mapurojekiti kune grid. Pakupera kwa2021, simba rekufambisa magetsi rekumadokero-kumabvazuva richasvika 290 miriyoni kilowatts, kuwedzera kwe20 miriyoni kilowatts zvichienzaniswa nekupera kwa2020.
(2) Iko kuchinjika kugadzirisa kugona kwesimba remagetsi kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Kurudzira kuchinjika shanduko yemarasha magetsi emagetsi. Pakupera kwa2021, kuitwa kweshanduko yekushandura kuchapfuura mamirioni zana kilowatts. Gadzira nekupa chirongwa chepakati nepakati uye chenguva refu chekusimudzira chePumped Storage (2021-2035), kusimudzira kuumbwa kwezvirongwa zvekushandisa nemapurovhinzi uye hurongwa hwemvumo hwebasa rechirongwa che "14th Five-Year Plan" chirongwa, uye nekumhanyisa kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti ane hushamwari, ane mamiriro akakura, uye ane zviratidzo zvakanaka. Kubva pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, huwandu hwakaiswa hwepombi yekuchengetedza hwasvika 42 miriyoni kilowatts. Iyo "14th Five-Makore Chirongwa" Nyowani Energy Storage Development Implementation Plan yakapihwa kuti ikurumidze kusiyanisa, maindasitiri, uye hukuru hukuru hwekuchengetera simba idzva. Pakupera kwa2021, iyo yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza simba idzva ichapfuura mamirioni mana kilowatts. Kurudzirai kukurumidza kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti emagetsi egasi. Pakupera kwaJune gore rino, simba rakaiswa remagetsi emagetsi egasi raive rinenge mamiriyoni 110 kilowatts, kuwedzera kwemamiriyoni gumi kilowatts zvichienzaniswa ne2020. Tungamira nzvimbo dzose kuti dziite basa rakanaka mukudiwa-kudivi mhinduro kuti ibudirire kuderedza peak mutoro kudiwa.
Zvina simba shanduko yekutsigira vimbiso inoramba ichisimbisa
(1) Kurumidza kufambira mberi kwesimba rekuvandudza tekinoroji. Huwandu hwehukuru hwesainzi uye tekinoroji hutsva hwakabudirira hutsva, hunyanzvi hwakazvimirira hwechizvarwa chechitatu chemagetsi enyukireya, hwakavaka miriyoni imwe-kilowati hydropower unit ine hombe-uniti yeyuniti simba munyika, uye yakazorodza rekodhi repasi rose rephotovoltaic sero shanduko inoshanda kakati wandei. Kufambira mberi kutsva kwakaitwa muR&D uye kushandisa akati wandei emagetsi matekinoroji akadai sekuchengetedza simba uye hydrogen simba. Kuvandudza magadzirirwo emagetsi, gadzira uye buritsa "14th Yemakore mashanu Chirongwa cheSainzi uye Tekinoroji Innovation muEnergy Field", dzokorora nzira dzekuongorora uye dzekuongorora dzekutanga (seti) yemidziyo mikuru yehunyanzvi mumunda wesimba, uye kuronga kutangwa kwekutanga batch renyika simba R&D uye innovation mapuratifomu panguva yeChishanu-Yegore
(2) Shanduko yesimba remagetsi uye michina yakaramba ichidzika. Yakabudiswa uye yakaitwa "Kutungamira Maonero eKumhanyisa Kuvaka kweNational Unified Electricity Market System". Pindura kuchirongwa chekushandisa chekuvakwa kwemusika wemagetsi wedunhu rekumaodzanyemba. Kuvakwa kwemusika wenzvimbo yemagetsi kwakasimudzirwa nekushingaira uye zvishoma nezvishoma, uye nhanhatu yekutanga yemagetsi nzvimbo yekutyaira nzvimbo dzinosanganisira Shanxi yakaita isina kukanganiswa kugadzirisa kwekuyedza mashandiro. Muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino, magetsi ekutengeserana akatarisana nemusika aiva 2.5 trillion kWh, gore negore kuwedzera kwe45,8%, iyo inenge 61% yekushandiswa kwemagetsi kwevanhu vose. Ita yakawedzera musanganiswa wevaridzi shanduko mumunda wesimba idzva, tsvakiridzo uye uone akati wandei akakosha mapurojekiti. Kurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemutengo wemarasha, mutengo wemagetsi, uye pombi yekugadzira mutengo wekuchengetera mutengo, sunungura simba remarasha pa-grid mutengo wemagetsi, kudzima mutengo wemagetsi ekutengesa indasitiri nekutengesa, uye kusimudzira vashandisi veindasitiri nevekutengesa kupinda mumusika. Kurumidza kuumbwa uye kudzokororwa kweEnergy Law, Coal Law uye Electric Power Law.
(3) Iyo vimbiso yemitemo yekuchinja kwesimba yakagadziridzwa zvakare. Yakabudiswa uye yakaitwa "Implementation Plan yeKusimudzira Magetsi Green uye Yakaderera-Carbon Shanduko Kuita Basa Rakanaka reCarbon Peaking", "Maonero eKunatsiridza Sistimu, Mechanism, uye Matanho ePolisi yeMagetsi Green uye Yakaderera-Carbon Shanduko" uye Implementation Plan yeCarbon Peaking muMarasha, Oiri uye Yekukurudzira Gasi High-quality Development of New Energy in the New Era”, inosimudzira kushanduka kwesimba rakasvibira uye rakaderera-kabhoni, uye inoumba mubatanidzwa wemitemo Simbisai tsvakurudzo panyaya dzakakosha uye dzakaoma, uye kuronga mapato akakodzera kuti aite tsvakurudzo yakadzama pamusoro pemakwara ekuchinja simba.
Mudanho rinotevera, National Development and Reform Commission uye National Energy Administration vachanyatsoita mweya we20th National Congress yeCommunist Party yeChina, uye voenderera mberi nekusimudzira "Pfungwa pamusoro peKuzadzisa Zvakakwana, Zvakananga uye Zvakakwana Kuita Iyo New Development Pfungwa uye Kuita Basa Rakanaka reCarbon Peak Carbon Neutralality" uye "Kuitwa kwePlan30 yeKudzoreredza Chekuita muGore Repamberi richabudirira kusimudzira kuisirwa kwenhevedzano yemitemo yekukwira kwekabhoni muchikamu chesimba Tichienderera kubva kumamiriro chaiwo enyika, isu tinofanirwa kutevedzera musimboti wekuisa kuumbwa kwekutanga, kumisa kusati kwaputswa, uye kuronga kwese, nekushingaira uye nekurongeka kusimudzira simba rakasvibira uye rakaderera-kabhoni shanduko pahwaro hwekuvimbisa kusimba kwesimba rekuchengetedza simba, kugadzirisa nekusimudzira simba rekusimudzira indasitiri. indasitiri yemarasha gadzirisa kusanganiswa nesimba idzva, kusimbisa simba tekinoroji uye hurongwa nekuchinja kwemaitiro, uye kupa girini, yakaderera-kabhoni, yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika simba vimbiso yekuzadzisa chinangwa chekusarerekera kabhoni panhongonya yekabhoni sezvakarongwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-06-2022
