Turbine yemvura muchina unoshandura simba ringangowanikwa remvura kuita simba remuchina. Uchishandisa muchina uyu kufambisa jenareta, simba remvura rinogona kushandurwa kuita
Magetsi Iyi ndiyo seti yemagetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi.
Ma hydraulic turbine emazuva ano anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nepfungwa yekuyerera kwemvura uye hunhu hwemaumbirwo ayo.
Imwe mhando yeturbine inoshandisa simba remagetsi uye simba rinogona kuwanikwa mumvura inonzi impact turbine.
Kurwisa kwekuzvidzivirira
Mvura inotorwa kubva mudura remvura rinotanga rayerera kuenda kuimba yekutsaudzira mvura (volute), uye yozoyerera ichipinda mugwara rakakombama rerunner blade kuburikidza neguide vane.
Kuyerera kwemvura kunogadzira simba rekuita pamapanga, izvo zvinoita kuti impeller itenderere. Panguva ino, simba remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remakanika, uye mvura inobuda murunner inoburitswa nepachubhu inodhonza.
Pasi perwizi.
Turbine yeimpact inosanganisira Francis flow, oblique flow uye axial flow. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti chimiro cherunner chakasiyana.
(1) Francis runner inowanzova nemaburi akakombama ane 12-20 uye zvikamu zvikuru zvakaita sekorona yevhiri nerin'i yepasi.
Kupinda nekubuda kwemhepo, rudzi urwu rweturbine rune mhando dzakasiyana dzemvura dzinoshanda, vhoriyamu diki uye mutengo wakaderera, uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumvura zhinji.
Kuyerera kweAxial kwakakamurwa kuva mhando yepropeller nerudzi rwerotary. Yekutanga ine banga rakagadzika, nepo yekupedzisira ine banga rinotenderera. Axial flow runner inowanzo kuve nemablades matatu kusvika masere, muviri werunner, drain cone nezvimwe zvikamu zvikuru. Kugona kwemvura kwerudzi urwu rweturbine kwakakura kupfuura kweFrancis flow. Kune paddle turbine. Nekuti banga rinogona kushandura nzvimbo yaro nemutoro, rine kushanda kwakanyanya muhuwandu hwekuchinja kukuru kwemutoro. Kushanda kwekudzivirira cavitation uye simba returbine kwakaipa kupfuura kwe mixed-flow turbine, uye chimiro chacho chakaomawo. Kazhinji, yakakodzera huwandu hwemvura hwakaderera uye hwepakati hwe10.
(2) Basa rekamuri rekutsausa mvura nderekuita kuti mvura iyerere zvakaenzana muchikamu chinotungamirira mvura, kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba kwechikamu chinotungamira mvura, uye kugadzirisa vhiri remvura.
kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina. Kune maturbine makuru nepakati ane musoro wemvura pamusoro, simbi ine chikamu chedenderedzwa inowanzo shandiswa.
(3) Michina yekufambisa mvura inowanzo rongwa zvakaenzana kutenderedza muchina unomhanyisa, ine nhamba yakati yemichina yekufambisa mvura yakarukwa uye michina yayo inotenderera, nezvimwewo.
Basa remusanganiswa uyu nderekutungamira kuyerera kwemvura murunner zvakaenzana, uye nekugadzirisa kuvhurika kweguide vane, kushandura kuwanda kweturbine kuti ikwane
Zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa mutoro wejenareta uye kuchinja zvinogonawo kuita basa rekuvhara mvura kana dzese dzakavharwa.
(4) Pombi yekudhonza: Sezvo simba rasara mumvura inoyerera panobuda mvura inoyerera risingashandiswi, basa repombi yekudhonza nderekudzosa mvura.
Chikamu chesimba uye chinobvisa mvura iri pasi perwizi. Maturbine madiki anowanzo shandisa machubhu edhirowa akatwasuka, ane mashandiro akanaka, asi maturbine makuru nepakati anoshanda.
Mapaipi emvura haafanirwe kucherwa akadzika zvakanyanya, saka mapaipi emvura anokombama negokora anoshandiswa.
Pamusoro pezvo, mune ma turbine ane tubular, ma oblique flow turbines, ma turbine epombi anodzoserwa, nezvimwewo mu impact turbine.
Turbine ine simba:
Rudzi urwu rweturbine runoshandisa simba rekumhanya kwemvura inoyerera nekukurumidza kutenderedza turbine, uye inonyanya kushandiswa ndiyo mhando yebhaketi.
Maturbine emabhaketi anowanzo shandiswa mumafekitori emagetsi emvura ataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvikamu zvawo zvinoshanda zvinosanganisira migero yemvura, maburi emvura uye maspray.
Tsino, vhiri remvura nevhiri revolute, nezvimwewo, zvine mabhaketi emvura akawanda akasimba akaita sechipunu pamucheto wevhiri remvura. Kushanda zvakanaka kweturbine iyi kunosiyana zvichienderana nemutoro.
Kuchinja uku kudiki, asi kugona kwemvura kunopinda nemuromo kunogumira pamuromo, uyo uri mudiki zvikuru pane kuyerera kwemhepo inoyerera ne radial axial. Kuti uvandudze kugona kwemvura kunopinda, wedzera simba remvura rinobuda.
Kuti zvivandudze mashandiro, turbine yemvura yakakura yakachinjwa kubva pa axis yakatwasuka kuenda pa axis yakatwasuka, uye yakagadzirwa kubva pa nozzle imwe chete kuenda pa multi-nozzle.
3. Nhanganyaya yechimiro che reaction turbine
Chikamu chakavigwa, kusanganisira volute, rin'i yechigaro, chubhu yekudhonza, nezvimwewo, zvese zvakavigwa muhwaro hwekongiri. Icho chikamu chezvikamu zvinobvisa mvura uye zvinopfungaira muyuniti.
Volute
Volute yakakamurwa kuita concrete volute nemetal volute. Mayuniti ane water head ari mukati memamita makumi mana anoshandisa concrete volute. Kune maturbine ane water head anopfuura mamita makumi mana, metal volutes anowanzo shandiswa nekuda kwekudiwa kwesimba. Metal volute ine mabhenefiti esimba guru, kugadziriswa kuri nyore, kuvaka kuri nyore uye kubatana zviri nyore newater diversion penstock yemagetsi.
Kune mhando mbiri dzesimbi dzakasungirirwa, dzakasungirirwa uye dzakaumbwa.
Kune maturbine makuru nepakati ane musoro wemvura weinenge mamita 40-200, mavolute esimbi akasungirirwa paplate yesimbi anonyanya kushandiswa. Kuti zvive nyore kusungirirwa, volute inowanzo kamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakati wandei zve conical, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakaita denderedzwa, uye chikamu chemuswe che volute chinokonzerwa nechikamu chidiki, uye chinoshandurwa kuita chimiro cheoval chekusungirirwa nerin'i rechigaro. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe che conical chinoumbwa nemuchina wekumonera plate.
Muma turbine madiki eFrancis, ma volute esimbi akaumbwa ese anowanzo shandiswa. Kune ma turbine ane musoro wakareba uye ane simba guru, volute yesimbi yakaumbwa inowanzo shandiswa, uye volute nerin'i yechigaro zvinokandwa mune imwe.
Chikamu chepasi chevolute chine vharuvhu yekudhonza mvura yakaungana panguva yekugadzirisa.
Mhete yechigaro
Mhete yechigaro ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheturbine yeimpact. Pamusoro pekutakura kumanikidzwa kwemvura, inotakurawo huremu hweyuniti yese nekongiri yechikamu cheyuniti, saka inoda simba rakakwana uye kuomarara. Maitiro ekutanga emhete yechigaro ine rin'i yepamusoro, mhete yepasi uye vane rekutungamira rakagadzika. Vane rekutungamira rakagadzika irin'i rekutsigira chigaro, strut inotumira mutoro we axial, uye pamusoro pekuyerera. Panguva imwe chete, chikamu chikuru chekutarisa mukuunganidza zvikamu zvikuru zveturbine, uye ndeimwe yezvikamu zvekutanga zvakaiswa. Saka, inofanira kunge iine simba rakakwana uye kuomarara, uye panguva imwe chete, inofanira kunge iine mashandiro akanaka e hydraulic.
Mhete yechigaro chikamu chinotakura mutoro uye chikamu chinoyerera, saka nzvimbo inoyerera ine chimiro chakarongeka kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hydraulic inorasikirwa zvishoma.
Mhete yechigaro inowanzova nechimiro chetatu: chimiro chembiru imwe chete, chimiro chehafu-yakabatana, uye chimiro chakabatana. Kune ma turbine eFrancis, mhete yechigaro chakabatana inowanzo shandiswa.
Pombi yedhirowa nemhete yenheyo
Chubhu yekudhonza chikamu chenzira yekuyerera kweturbine, uye kune mhando mbiri dzekonical dzakatwasuka nedzakakombama. Chubhu yekudhonza yakakombama inowanzo shandiswa mumaturbine makuru nepakati. Mhete yehwaro ndiyo chikamu chikuru chinobatanidza mhete yechigaro cheturbine yeFrancis nechikamu chekupinda chechubhu yekudhonza, uye inopinzwa mukongiri. Mhete yepazasi yerunner inotenderera mukati mayo.
Chimiro chegwara remvura
Basa remuchina wekutungamira mvura weturbine yemvura nderekugadzira nekushandura huwandu hwekutenderera kwemvura inopinda mumuchina. Muchina wekutonga wevane vanotenderera vakawanda vane mafambiro akanaka unoshandiswa kuona kuti kuyerera kwemvura kunopinda zvakaenzana pamwe chete nekurasikirwa kwesimba kudiki pasi pehuwandu hwakasiyana hwekuyerera. Iva nechokwadi chekuti turbine ine hunhu hwakanaka hwe hydraulic, gadzirisa kuyerera kuti uchinje kubuda kweyuniti, vhara kuyerera kwemvura uye misa kutenderera kweyuniti panguva yekudzima kwakajairika uye netsaona. Michina mikuru nepakati yekutungamira mvura inogona kukamurwa kuita cylindrical, conical (bulb-type uye oblique-flow turbines) uye radial (full-penetrating turbines) zvichienderana nenzvimbo ye axis yevane vane kutungamira. Muchina wekutungamira mvura unonyanya kuumbwa nemavane ane kutungamira, mavane ane kutungamira, zvikamu zve annular, shaft sleeves, seals nezvimwe zvikamu.
Chimiro chemudziyo wevane chinotungamirwa.
Zvinhu zvinoumba madziro emuchina wekutungamira mvura zvinosanganisira rin'i yepasi, chifukidziro chepamusoro, chifukidziro chekutsigira, rin'i yekudzora, bracket yekutakura, bracket yekutakura, nezvimwewo. Zvine simba rakaoma uye zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvakanyanya.
Mhete yepazasi
Mhete yepasi chikamu chakati sandara chakasungirirwa pamhete yechigaro, iyo yakawanda yacho yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasungirirwa. Nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwemamiriro ekufambisa mumayuniti makuru, inogona kukamurwa kuita hafu mbiri kana musanganiswa wepetals dzakawanda. Kune magwenya ane sediment wear, mamwe matanho ekudzivirira kupfekwa anotorwa pamusoro pekuyerera. Parizvino, maplate ekudzivirira kupfekwa anonyanya kuiswa pamagumo, uye mazhinji acho anoshandisa 0Cr13Ni5Mn simbi isingatsvedzi. Kana mhete yepasi nepamusoro nepazasi peguide vane zvakavharwa nerabha, panofanira kuva ne tail groove kana pressure plate rubber seal groove pazasi ring. Fekitori yedu inonyanya kushandisa brass sealing platen. Gomba reguide vane shaft pazasi ring rinofanira kunge rakabatana ne top cover. Top cover ne down ring zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuboorera kumwe chete kwemayuniti epakati nediki. Mayuniti makuru ikozvino anoboorwa zvakananga nemuchina weCNC boring mufekitori yedu.
Chitenderedzo chekudzora
Mhete yekudzora chikamu chinotenderera chinotumira simba re relay uye chinotenderedza guide vane kuburikidza ne transmission mechanism.
Vane yekutungamira
Parizvino, maguide vanes anowanzo kuve nemashizha maviri akajairwa, akafanana uye asina kufanana. Maguide vanes akaenzana anowanzo shandiswa mumaturbines ane speed axial flow ane angle isina kukwana yevolute wrap; maguide vanes akaenzana anowanzo shandiswa mumavolutes ane angle yakazara yewrap uye anoshanda ne low specific speed axial flow ine muromo mukuru. maturbines nema Francis turbines ane speed yakakwira neyepakati. Ma (cylindrical) maguide vanes anowanzo umbwa ese, uye zvivakwa zvakasungirirwa zvinoshandiswawo mumayuniti makuru.
Chinongedzo chegwara chikamu chakakosha chemuchina wekutungamira mvura, icho chinoita basa guru mukugadzira nekushandura huwandu hwekufamba kwemvura hunopinda murunner. Chinongedzo chegwara chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: muviri wevane yegwara uye dhayamita yemuchina wegwara. Kazhinji, kukanda kwese kunoshandiswa, uye mayuniti makuru anoshandisawo kukanda welding. Zvinhu zvacho zvinowanzova ZG30 neZG20MnSi. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kutenderera kwevane yegwara kunochinjika, shafts dzepamusoro, dzepakati nedzepasi dzevane yegwara dzinofanira kunge dzakatenderedza, radial swing haifanirwe kudarika hafu yehukuru hwedhayamita yemuchina wepakati, uye kukanganisa kunobvumidzwa kwekupedzisira kwechiso chevane yegwara kusaenderana neaxis hakufanirwe kudarika 0.15/1000. Hunhu hwepamusoro pekuyerera kwevane yegwara hunokanganisa zvakananga huwandu hwekufamba kwemvura hunopinda murunner. Musoro nemuswe wevane yegwara zvinowanzogadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina kuti ivandudze kuramba kwe cavitation.
Chishandiso chekupinza chine jira rekutungamira uye chinopinza chine jira rekutungamira
Chivharo chevane chinotungamirira chinhu chinogadzirisa dhayamita yepakati pemubato wevane chinotungamirira, uye chimiro chayo chakabatana nezvinhu, chisimbiso uye kukwirira kwechifukidziro chepamusoro. Chinonyanya kuita se cylinder integral, uye mumayuniti makuru, chinonyanya kupatsanurwa, izvo zvine mukana wekugadzirisa gap zvakanaka.
Chishandiso chekusundidzira chine gwara chinodzivirira chine gwara kuti chisakwire kumusoro kana mvura yaoma. Kana chine gwara chikapfuura huremu hwacho hwechine gwara, chine gwara chinosimuka kumusoro, chobonderana nechifukidziro chepamusoro uye chokanganisa simba riri patsvimbo yekubatanidza. Push plate inowanzo kuve yealuminium bronze.
Chisimbiso chevane chekutungamira
Chinofambisa chine mabasa matatu ekuvhara, rimwe nderokuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba, rimwe nderokuderedza kubuda kwemhepo panguva yekushanda kwechikamu chekuchinja, uye rechitatu nderokuderedza kuvhurika kwemhepo. Chinofambisa chine ...).
Kune zvisimbiso pakati nepasi pedhayamita yeshaft yeguide vane. Kana dhayamita yeshaft yavharwa, kumanikidzwa kwemvura pakati pesealing ring nedhayamita yeshaft yeguide vane kwakavharwa zvakasimba. Nokudaro, pane maburi ekudhonza mvura musleeve. Chisimbiso chedhayamita yeshaft yepasi ndechekudzivirira kupinda kwesediment uye kuitika kwekusakara kwedhayamita yeshaft.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzema "guide vane transmission mechanisms", uye kune mbiri dzinowanzoshandiswa. Imwe imhando yefork head, ine mamiriro akanaka ekushushikana uye yakakodzera mayuniti makuru nepakati. Imwe imhando ye "ear handle", iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nechimiro chiri nyore uye inonyanya kukodzera mayuniti madiki nepakati.
Nzira yekutumira mubato wenzeve inonyanya kugadzirwa neruoko rwevane rinotungamirira, ndiro yekubatanidza, kiyi yakapatsanurwa, pini yekuchekerera, shaft sleeve, chifukidziro chekupedzisira, mubato wenzeve, pin yetsvimbo yekubatanidza sleeve inotenderera, nezvimwewo. Simba harina kunaka, asi chimiro chayo chiri nyore, saka inonyanya kukodzera muzvikamu zvidiki nepakati.
Maitiro ekufambisa forogo
Nzira yekufambisa musoro weforogo inonyanya kuumbwa neruoko rwevane rekutungamira, ndiro yekubatanidza, musoro weforogo, pini yemusoro weforogo, sikuruu yekubatanidza, nati, hafu kiyi, pini yekucheka, shaft sleeve, chifukidzo chekupedzisira uye mhete yekupa muripo, nezvimwewo.
Ruoko rwevane rinotungamira nevane rinotungamira zvakabatana nekiyi yakapatsanurwa kuti zvitumire zvakananga torque yekushanda. Chifukidziro chekupedzisira chakaiswa paruoko rwevane rinotungamira, uye vane rinotungamira rakasungirirwa pachivigiro chekupedzisira nescrew yekugadzirisa. Nekuda kwekushandisa kiyi yakapatsanurwa-hafu, vane rinotungamira rinofamba kumusoro nekudzika pakugadzirisa mukaha uri pakati pekumusoro nepazasi pemuviri wevane rinotungamira, nepo nzvimbo dzezvimwe zvikamu zvekutumira dzisingakanganiswi.
Munzira yekutumira head forogo, ruoko rweguide vane neplate yekubatanidza zvine mapini ekuchekerera. Kana mapini ekuchekerera akanamatira nekuda kwezvinhu zvekunze, simba rekushanda kwezvikamu zvekutumira rinowedzera zvakanyanya. Kana kushushikana kwacho kwawedzera kusvika ka1.5, mapini ekuchekerera achatanga achekwa. Dzivirira zvimwe zvikamu zvekutumira kubva mukukuvadzwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, pakubatanidza plate inobatanidza kana ring yekudzora neforogo, kuitira kuti screw inobatanidza irambe yakatwasuka, ring yekutsiva inogona kuiswa kuti igadziriswe. Tambo dziri kumativi ese escrew inobatanidza dzinoshandiswa neruoko rweruboshwe neruoko rwerudyi, kuitira kuti kureba kwetsvimbo inobatanidza uye kuvhurika kweguide vane zvigone kugadziriswa panguva yekuisa.
Chikamu chinotenderera
Chikamu chinotenderera chinonyanya kugadzirwa nerunner, main shaft, bearing nesealing device. Runner inounganidzwa uye inosungirirwa nekorona yepamusoro, ring yepazasi nemablades. Mazhinji emain shafts eturbine anogadzirwa. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzeguide bearing. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda kwepower station, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemabearing dzakadai sewater lubrication, thin oil lubrication uye dry oil lubrication. Kazhinji, power station inonyanya kushandisa thin oil cylinder type kana block bearing.
Francis mumhanyi
Chinomhanyisa bhora reFrancis chine korona yepamusoro, maburi nerin'i rezasi. Korona yepamusoro inowanzo kuve nerin'i rinodzivirira kubuda kwemvura kuti ideredze kurasikirwa nekubuda kwemvura, uye mudziyo wekuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemvura. Rin'i rezasi rinewo mudziyo wekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura.
Axial runner mashizha
Chipande chemuchina wekuyerera kweaxial (chinhu chikuru chekushandura simba) chine zvikamu zviviri: muviri nepivot. Chikandwa chakaparadzana, uye chisanganiswe nezvikamu zvemakanika zvakaita se screws nemapini mushure mekugadzirisa. (Kazhinji, dhayamita yemuchina wekumhanya inodarika mamita mashanu) Kugadzirwa kwacho kunowanzova ZG30 neZG20MnSi. Huwandu hwemapini emuchina wekumhanya hunowanzova 4, 5, 6, uye 8.
Muviri wemumhanyi
Muviri wemumhanyi une maburi ese uye mashandiro ekushanda, chikamu chepamusoro chakabatana neshaft huru, uye chikamu chepazasi chakabatana ne drain cone, ine chimiro chakaoma. Kazhinji muviri wemumhanyi wakagadzirwa neZG30 neZG20MnSi. Chimiro chacho chakaita sedenderedzwa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwevhoriyamu. Maumbirwo chaiwo emuviri wemumhanyi anoenderana nenzvimbo yekurongeka kwe relay uye chimiro chemuchina wekushanda. Pakubatana kwayo neshaft huru, sikuruu yekubatanidza inongotakura simba re axial chete, uye torque inotakurwa nemapini e cylindrical akapararira pamwe chete ne radial direction ye joint surface.
Maitiro ekushandisa
Kubatana kwakatwasuka nefuremu yekushanda:
1. Kana kona yebanga iri pakati, ruoko rwakatambanudzwa uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakamira.
2. Ruoko runotenderera nebanga zvinoshandisa mapini e cylindrical kutumira torque, uye nzvimbo ye radial yakaiswa ne snap ring.
3. Tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakakamurwa kuita tsvimbo dzemukati nedzekunze, uye simba racho rakagoverwa zvakaenzana.
4. Pane mubato wezasi pafuremu yekushandisa, iyo iri nyore kugadzirisa panguva yekubatanidza. Kumucheto kwemubato wezasi kunoenderana nefuremu yekushandisa zvinoganhurirwa nepini yekudzivirira tsvimbo yekubatanidza kuti isanamatire kana mubato wezasi wagadziriswa.
5. Furemu yekushandisa inoshandisa chimiro che "I". Mazhinji acho anoshandiswa mumayuniti madiki nepakati ane mapanga mana kusvika matanhatu.
Nzira yekubatanidza yakatwasuka isina furemu yekushandisa: 1. Furemu yekushandisa yakamiswa, uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza neruoko runotenderera zvinofambiswa zvakananga nepiston yerelay. mumayuniti makuru.
Maitiro ekubatanidza akabatana nefuremu yekushanda: 1. Kana kona yekutenderera kwebanga iri pakati, ruoko runotenderera netsvimbo yekubatanidza zvine kona yakakura yekutsvedza. 2. Kurova kwerelay kunowedzerwa, uye murunner mune mablades akawanda.
Imba yekumhanya
Kamuri remumhanyi rakagadzirwa nesimbi yepasi rose, uye zvikamu zviri pakati zvinogara zvichikanganiswa ne cavitation zvakagadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvedzeri kuti zvisanyanya kuoma. Kamuri remumhanyi rakasimba zvakakwana kuti rikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvehupamhi hwakafanana pakati pemabhura emumhanyi nekamuri remumhanyi kana unit iri kushanda. Fekitori yedu yakagadzira nzira yakakwana yekugadzirisa mukugadzira: A. CNC vertical lathe processing. B, profiling method processing. Chikamu che straight cone che draft tube chakafukidzwa nema plates esimbi, akaumbwa mufekitori, uye akaunganidzwa panzvimbo yacho.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-26-2022
