Tubhini yemvura muchina unoshandura simba ringave remvura kuita simba remagetsi. Uchishandisa muchina uyu kutyaira jenareta, simba remvura rinogona kushandurwa kuita
Magetsi Iyi ndiyo hydro-generator set.
Mazuva ano ma hydraulic turbines anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekuyerera kwemvura uye maitiro ezvimiro.
Imwe mhando yeturbine inoshandisa zvese simba rekinetic uye simba rinogoneka remvura inonzi an impact turbine.
Counterattack
Mvura inocherwa kubva kudhamu repamusoro pemvura inotanga kuyerera ichienda kukamuri yekutsaudzira mvura (volute), yozoyerera ichipinda mugero rakakombama remumhanyi nepakati pevhani yekufambisa.
Kuyerera kwemvura kunoburitsa simba rekuita pamashizha, izvo zvinoita kuti impeller itenderere. Panguva ino, simba remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi, uye mvura inoyerera ichibva mumhanyi inobudiswa kuburikidza nedhizaini chubhu.
Kuzasi.
Iyo inokanganisa turbine inonyanya kusanganisira Francis kuyerera, oblique kuyerera uye axial kuyerera. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti chimiro chemumhanyi chakasiyana.
(1) Francis mumhanyi anowanzo kuumbwa 12-20 akakwenenzverwa akamonyoroka mablades uye makuru zvinhu zvakaita sevhiri korona uye yepasi mhete.
Inflow uye axial outflow, rudzi urwu rwe turbine rune huwandu hwakawanda hwemisoro yemvura inoshandiswa, shoma shoma uye mari shoma, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumisoro yepamusoro yemvura.
Axial kuyerera yakakamurwa kuita propeller mhando uye rotary mhando. Iyo yekutanga ine blade yakagadziriswa, nepo iyo yekupedzisira ine blade inotenderera. Axial flow runner inowanzo umbwa ne3-8 blades, mumhanyi muviri, drain cone uye zvimwe zvinhu zvikuru. Mvura inopfuura simba yerudzi urwu rweturbine yakakura kupfuura iyo yekuyerera kwaFrancis. Zvepaddle turbine. Nokuti blade inogona kuchinja nzvimbo yaro nemutoro, ine hukuru hwepamusoro muhuwandu hwekuchinja kukuru kwemutoro. Iyo anti-cavitation performance uye kusimba kweiyo turbine yakashata kupfuura iyo yakasanganiswa-inoyerera turbine, uye chimiro chakanyanya kuoma. Kazhinji, inokodzera iyo yakaderera uye yepakati mvura musoro wegumi.
(2) Basa rekamuri rekuchinjisa mvura nderekuita kuti mvura iyerere zvakaenzana mumvura inotungamira nzira, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba kweiyo nzira inotungamira mvura, uye kugadzirisa vhiri remvura.
mashandiro emichina. Kune ma turbine makuru uye epakati-kati ane musoro wemvura kumusoro, simbi ine volute ine chikamu chedenderedzwa inowanzoshandiswa.
(3) Iyo inotungamira nzira yemvura inowanzo kurongeka zvakaenzana kutenderedza mumhanyi, iine imwe nhamba yeakakwenenzverwa ekutungamira vanes uye maitiro avo ekutenderera, nezvimwe.
Basa rekuumbwa ndere kutungamira kuyerera kwemvura mumumhanyi zvakaenzana, uye nekugadzirisa kuvhurwa kwegwara rinotungamira, kushandura mafashama eiyo turbine kuti ienderane.
Zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa mutoro wejenereta uye kuchinja zvinogonawo kutamba basa rekuvhara mvura kana zvose zvavharwa.
(4) Draft pombi: Sezvo rimwe resimba rasara mumvura inoyerera panobuda mumhanyi risingashandiswe, basa repombi yekudhirowa nderekudzosera iyo.
Chikamu chesimba uye chinodhonza mvura pasi perwizi. Maturbine madiki anowanzo shandisa yakatwasuka-cone draft machubhu, ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, asi maturbine makuru uye epakati nepakati
Mapombi emvura haakwanise kucherwa zvakadzika, saka mapaipi ekudhonzera egokora anoshandiswa.
Mukuwedzera, kune tubular turbines, oblique flow turbines, reversible pump turbines, nezvimwewo mune turbine inokanganisa.
Impact turbine:
Rudzi urwu rweturbine rinoshandisa simba rekuita rekuyerera kwemvura inomhanya-mhanya kutenderedza turbine, uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa imhando yebhaketi.
Mabucket turbines anowanzo shandiswa mune iri pamusoro-yepamusoro-musoro hydropower zvidyarwa. Nzvimbo dzayo dzinoshanda dzinonyanya kusanganisira migero yemvura, nozzles uye sprays.
Tsono, vhiri remvura uye volute, zvichingodaro, zvakashongedzerwa nemabhakiti emvura akawanda akasimba akaita chipunu pamucheto wekunze wevhiri remvura. Kushanda kweiyi turbine kunosiyana nemutoro
Shanduko idiki, asi mvura inopfuura simba inogumira nemuromo, iyo idiki zvakanyanya kupfuura radial axial kuyerera. Kuti uvandudze simba rekupfuura kwemvura, wedzera kubuda uye
Kuti uvandudze kushanda zvakanaka, turbine yemvura yakakura-yakakura yakashandurwa kubva paaxis yakatwasuka kuenda kune yakatwasuka axis, uye yakagadziridzwa kubva pamuromo mumwe kuenda kune yakawanda-nozzle.
3. Nhanganyaya kune chimiro cheiyo reaction turbine
Chikamu chakavigwa, chinosanganisira volute, chindori chechigaro, dhizaini chubhu, nezvimwe, zvese zvakavigwa muhwaro hwekongiri. Icho chikamu chekuyeresa mvura uye mafashama zvikamu zveyuniti.
Volute
Iyo volute yakakamurwa kuita kongiri volute uye simbi volute. Iwo mayunitsi ane musoro wemvura mukati me40 metres anonyanya kushandisa kongiri volute. Kune ma turbines ane musoro wemvura wakakura kupfuura 40 metres, masimbi esimbi anowanzo shandiswa nekuda kwekudiwa kwesimba. Iyo simbi volute ine mabhenefiti ekusimba kwepamusoro, kugadzirisa kwakaringana, kuvakwa kuri nyore kwevagari uye nyore kubatana neiyo mvura diversion penstock yechiteshi chemagetsi.
Kune mhando mbiri dzesimbi volutes, welded uye cast.
Kune makuru uye epakati-saizi maitiro turbines ane musoro wemvura unosvika 40-200 metres, simbi ndiro welded volutes inonyanya kushandiswa. Kuti zvive nyore welding, iyo volute inowanzogoverwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekonical, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine denderedzwa, uye chikamu chemuswe we volute chinokonzerwa neChikamu chinova chiduku, uye chinoshandurwa kuva chimiro cheovha chekushongedza nemhete yechigaro. Imwe neimwe conical segment inogadzirwa neplate rolling muchina.
Mune madiki maFrancis turbines, simbi yakakandwa vholuti inokandwa sese inowanzoshandiswa. Pamusoro pepamusoro-soro uye hukuru-hukuru turbines, simbi yakakanda volute inowanzoshandiswa, uye volute uye mhete yechigaro inokandwa mune imwe.
Iyo yakaderera chikamu chevolute yakashongedzerwa nevhavhavha yekudhonza mvura yakaunganidzwa panguva yekugadzirisa.
Mhete yechigaro
Mhete yechigaro ndicho chikamu chakakosha cheturbine yekukanganisa. Mukuwedzera pakutakura kudzvinyirira kwemvura, inotakurawo uremu hwechikamu chose uye konkriti yechikamu chechikamu, saka inoda simba rakakwana uye kusimba. Iyo yakakosha nzira yechigaro chechigaro inosanganisira yekumusoro mhete, yakaderera mhete uye yakagadzika gwara vane. Iyo yakagadziriswa inotungamira vane ndiyo chigaro chekutsigira mhete, iyo strut inotumira iyo axial mutoro, uye inoyerera pamusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, inhengo huru yereferensi mukusangana kwezvikamu zvikuru zve turbine, uye ndeimwe yezvikamu zvekutanga zvakaiswa. Nokudaro, inofanira kuva nesimba rakakwana uye kuoma, uye panguva imwechete, inofanira kuva nekushanda kwakanaka kwe hydraulic.
Iyo mhete yechigaro zvese inotakura-inotakura chikamu uye kuyerera-kuburikidza nechikamu, saka kuyerera-kuburikidza nepamusoro kune yakagadziridzwa chimiro kuti ive nechokwadi kushoma hydraulic kurasikirwa.
Mhete yechigaro inowanzo ine matatu ezvimiro mafomu: imwe mbiru chimiro, semi-yakabatanidzwa chimiro, uye yakakosha chimiro. KwaFrancis turbines, chigadziko chechigaro chemhete chinowanzo shandiswa.
Draft pombi uye nheyo mhete
Iyo dhizaini chubhu chikamu chekuyerera kwe turbine, uye kune marudzi maviri akatwasuka conical uye akakombama. Iyo curved draft chubhu inowanzo shandiswa muma turbines makuru uye epakati. Mhete yenheyo ndiyo chikamu chakakosha chinobatanidza mhete yechigaro cheFrancis turbine nechikamu chekupinza chechubhu yedhizaini, uye yakanyudzwa mukongiri. Mhete yezasi yemumhanyi inotenderera mukati mayo.
Mvura inotungamira chimiro
Basa remvura inotungamira nzira ye turbine yemvura ndeyekugadzira uye kushandura vhoriyamu yekutenderera kwekuyerera kwemvura ichipinda mumhanyi. Iyo rotary yakawanda-guide vane control ine basa rakanaka inogamuchirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwemvura kunopinda zvakafanana pamwe nedenderedzwa nekurasikirwa kwesimba kudiki pasi pekuyerera kwakasiyana. mumhanyi. Ita shuwa kuti turbine ine yakanaka hydraulic maitiro, gadzirisa kuyerera kuti uchinje kubuda kweiyo unit, chisimbiso kuyerera kwemvura uye kumisa kutenderera kweiyo unit panguva yakajairika uye tsaona kuvhara. Makuru uye epakati-saizi ekutungamira nzira dzemvura dzinogona kukamurwa kuita cylindrical, conical (bulb-mhando uye oblique-inoyerera turbines) uye radial (yakazara-inopinda-inopinda turbines) zvinoenderana neaxis chinzvimbo cheanotungamira vanes. Iyo nzira yekufambisa yemvura inonyanya kuumbwa nevanotungamira vane, gwara vane maitiro ekushandisa, annular components, shaft sleeves, seals nezvimwe zvinhu.
Nhungamiro vane mudziyo chimiro.
Izvo zvikamu zve annular zvemvura inotungamira nzira zvinosanganisira mhete yepasi, chifukidziro chepamusoro, chifukidziro chekutsigira, rin'i yekudzora, bhakiti rinotakura, bhakiti rinopinza, nezvimwewo Vane masimba akaoma uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
Mhete yepasi
Mhete yepasi chikamu chakati sandara chakagadzikwa kune mhete yechigaro, mazhinji acho ari cast-welded kuvaka. Nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwemamiriro ekufambisa muzvikamu zvakakura, inogona kukamurwa kuita mahafu maviri kana musanganiswa wemamwe petals. Kune zviteshi zvemagetsi zvine sediment kupfeka, mamwe matanho ekurwisa-kupfeka anotorwa pamusoro pekuyerera. Parizvino, mahwendefa e-anti-wear anonyanya kuiswa pazviso zvekupedzisira, uye mazhinji acho anoshandisa 0Cr13Ni5Mn simbi isina tsvina. Kana rin'i yepasi uye zviso zvekumusoro uye nechepasi zviso zvegiraidhi zvakanamirwa nerabha, pachava nemuswe groove kana pressure plate type rubber seal groove pazasi mhete. Fekitari yedu inonyanya kushandisa brass sealing platen. Iyo guide vane shaft buri paringi yepasi inofanira kunge yakanangana nekavha yekumusoro. Chivharo chepamusoro uye chindori chepasi chinowanzoshandiswa kune imwechete boring yepakati uye zviduku zviduku. Iwo mahombe mayuniti ave kufinhwa zvakananga nemuchina weCNC unofinha mufekitori yedu.
Kudzora loop
Mhete yekudzora inhengo ye annular inotumira simba reiyo relay uye inotenderera inotungamira vane kuburikidza neyekutapurirana michina.
Guide vane
Parizvino, mavane ekutungamira anowanzo aine maviri akajairwa mashizha maumbirwo, akaenzana uye asymmetrical. Symmetrical guide vanes anowanzo shandiswa mune yakakwirira chaiyo axial kuyerera turbines ine isina kukwana volute yekupeta kona; asymmetric guide vanes anowanzo shandiswa mukuputira akazara angle volutes uye anoshanda ane yakaderera chaiyo yekumhanya axial kuyerera nekuvhurwa kukuru. turbines uye yakakwirira uye yepakati chaiyo kumhanya Francis turbines. Iwo (cylindrical) anotungamira vanes anowanzo kukandwa akazara, uye akakanda-welded zvimiro anoshandiswawo muzvikamu zvakakura.
Iyo inotungamira vane chikamu chakakosha cheiyo nzira yekufambisa yemvura, iyo inoita basa rakakosha pakugadzira uye kushandura vhoriyamu yekutenderera kwemvura ichipinda mumhanyi. Iyo inotungamira vane yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: iyo inotungamira vane muviri uye inotungamira vane shaft dhayamita. Kazhinji, kukanda kwese kunoshandiswa, uye mahombe-mahombe anoshandisawo kukanda welding. Zvinhu zvacho zvinowanzonzi ZG30 uye ZG20MnSi. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutenderera kutenderera kweiyo inotungamira vane, iyo yepamusoro, yepakati uye yakaderera shafts yegwara vane inotungamira inofanira kunge yakatarisana, iyo radial swing haifanirwe kunge yakakura kupfuura hafu yekushivirira kwedhayamita yepakati shaft, uye kukanganisa kunobvumidzwa kweiyo yekupedzisira chiso chekutungamira vane isiri perpendicular kune axis haifanirwe kudarika 0.15/1000. Chimiro chekuyerera kwepamusoro peiyo inotungamira vane inokanganisa zvakananga vhoriyamu yekutenderera kwemvura ichipinda mumhanyi. Musoro uye muswe weguidhi vane inogaro gadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina yekuvandudza iyo cavitation kuramba.
Kutungamira vane sleeve uye gwara vane thrust mudziyo
Iyo inotungamira vane sleeve inhengo inogadzirisa dhayamita yepakati shaft pane inotungamira vane, uye chimiro chayo chine hukama nezvinhu, chisimbiso uye kureba kwechivharo chepamusoro. Iyo inonyanya kuve muchimiro cheyakakosha silinda, uye mumahombe mayuniti, anowanzo kupatsanurwa, ayo ane mukana wekugadzirisa gap zvakanyanya.
Iyo inotungamira vane thrust mudziyo inodzivirira iyo inotungamira vane kubva kune inokwira kumusoro pasi pekuita kwekumanikidza kwemvura. Kana dhiraivha inodarika uremu hwakafa hwemutungamiri vane, iyo inotungamira vane inosimudzira kumusoro, inodhumhana nechepamusoro chivharo uye inokanganisa simba padanda rekubatanidza. Iyo thrust plate inowanzo aluminium bronze.
Guide vane chisimbiso
Iyo inotungamira vane ine mabasa matatu ekuisa chisimbiso, imwe ndeyekudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimba, imwe yacho kudzikisa kubuda kwemhepo panguva yechikamu modulation oparesheni, uye yechitatu ndeyekudzikisa cavitation. Guide vane zvisimbiso zvakakamurwa kuva kukwirira uye kupera zvisimbiso.
Kune zvisimbiso pakati uye pasi pe shaft dhayamita yemutungamiri vane. Kana iyo shaft dhayamita yakavharwa, dzvinyiriro yemvura pakati pemhete yekuisa chisimbiso uye shaft dhayamita yegwaro rinenge rakavharwa zvakasimba. Naizvozvo, kune maburi emvura mune sleeve. Chisimbiso chezasi shaft dhayamita inonyanya kudzivirira kupinda kwesediment uye kuitika kweshaft dhayamita kupfeka.
Kune akawanda marudzi ekutungamira vane nzira dzekufambisa, uye kune maviri anowanzo shandiswa. Imwe ndeyemhando yeforogo yemhando, iyo ine mamiriro akanaka ekudzvinyirira uye akakodzera zvikwata zvakakura uye zvepakati. Imwe yerudzi rwenzeve yemhando, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa nechimiro chakareruka uye inonyanya kukodzera zvidimbu zviduku uye zvepakati.
The nzeve mubato transmission mechanism inonyanya kuumbwa negwara vane ruoko, kubatanidza ndiro, kupatsanurwa hafu kiyi, shear pini, shaft sleeve, end cover, nzeve mubato, rotary sleeve yekubatanidza tsvimbo yepini, etc. Simba racho harina kunaka, asi chimiro chiri nyore, saka chinonyanya kukodzera muzvikamu zviduku uye zvepakati.
Fork drive mechanism
Fork head transmission mechanism inonyanya kuumbwa negwara vane ruoko, ndiro yekubatanidza, forogo musoro, forogo musoro pini, yekubatanidza screw, nati, kiyi yehafu, shear pini, shaft sleeve, chivharo chekupedzisira uye mhete yekubhadhara, nezvimwe.
Iyo gwara vane ruoko uye gwara vane chinongedzo chakabatana nekiyi yakapatsanurwa kuti ifambise zvakananga iyo inoshanda torque. Chivharo chekupedzisira chinoiswa pane chekutungamira vane ruoko, uye dhiraivha vane inomiswa pachivharo chekupedzisira neyakagadziriswa screw. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekutsemura-hafu kiyi, iyo inotungamira vane inofamba ichikwira uye ichidzika kana ichigadzirisa gaka pakati pepamusoro nepamusoro pekupedzisira zviso zvemutungamiri vane muviri, nepo nzvimbo dzezvimwe zvikamu zvekutapurirana hadzina kukanganiswa. zvinofurira.
Mune fork head transmission mechanism, gwara vane ruoko uye ndiro yekubatanidza ine shear pini. Kana mavhavha emutungamiri akanamatira nekuda kwezvinhu zvekune dzimwe nyika, simba rekushanda rezvikamu zvakakodzera zvekutapurirana richawedzera zvakanyanya. Kana kushushikana kunowedzera kusvika ku1.5 nguva, mapini eshear achatemwa kutanga. Chengetedza zvimwe zvikamu zvekutapurirana kubva mukukuvadzwa.
Mukuwedzera, pakubatana pakati peplate yekubatanidza kana mhete yekudzora uye musoro weforogo, kuitira kuchengetedza sirasi yekubatanidza yakatwasuka, mhete yekubhadhara inogona kuiswa kuti igadziriswe. Shinda dziri kumativi ose echigadziko chekubatanidza dzakasara-ruoko rworudyi uye rworudyi zvakateerana, kuitira kuti kureba kwetambo yekubatanidza uye kuvhura kwevheji yemutungamiri inogona kugadziriswa panguva yekuisa.
Kutenderera chikamu
Chikamu chinotenderera chinonyanya kuumbwa nemumhanyi, shaft huru, kutakura uye chisimbiso chekuisa chisimbiso. Mumhanyi anounganidzwa uye anosungirirwa nekorona yepamusoro, mhete yepasi uye mashizha. Mazhinji e turbine main shafts anokandwa. Kune marudzi akawanda ekutungamira mabheji. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi, kune akati wandei marudzi emabhengi akadai sekuzora kwemvura, mafuta matete ekuzora uye yakaoma mafuta ekuzora. Kazhinji, chiteshi chemagetsi chinowanzo tora dzakatetepa mafuta silinda rudzi kana block bearing.
Francis mumhanyi
Mumhanyi weFrancis ane korona yepamusoro, mashizha uye mhete yepasi. Iyo korona yepamusoro inowanzo shongedzerwa ne-anti-leakage ring kuti ideredze kudonha kwemvura kurasikirwa, uye yekumanikidza-yekurerutsira mudziyo wekudzikisa axial mvura thrust. Iyo yepasi mhete ine zvakare ine anti-leakage mudziyo.
Axial mumhanyi mablades
Iyo blade yeaxial inoyerera mumhanyi (chikamu chikuru chekushandura simba) inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: muviri uye pivot. Kanda zvakaparadzana, uye sanganisa nenhengo dzemakanika senge screws nemapini mushure mekugadzirisa. (Kazhinji, dhayamita yemumhanyi inopfuura 5 metres) Iyo yakagadzirwa kazhinji ZG30 uye ZG20MnSi. Huwandu hwemashizha emumhanyi kazhinji 4, 5, 6, uye 8.
Mumhanyi muviri
Muviri wemumhanyi wakashongedzerwa nemashizha ese uye chigadziro chekushanda, chikamu chepamusoro chakabatana nehombe huru, uye chikamu chezasi chakabatana nekoni yekudonha, iyo ine chimiro chakaoma. Kazhinji muviri wekumhanya unogadzirwa neZG30 uye ZG20MnSi. Chimiro chacho chinowanzoita spherical kuderedza kurasikirwa kwevhoriyamu. Iyo chaiyo dhizaini yemuviri wemumhanyi zvinoenderana neyakarongerwa chinzvimbo cheiyo relay uye chimiro chemaitiro ekushandisa. Mukubatana kwayo nehombe huru, iyo coupling screw inongotakura axial simba, uye torque inotakurwa nemapini ecylindrical akagoverwa pamwe neiyo radial kutungamira kweiyo joint surface.
Operating mechanism
Yakatwasuka yekubatanidza ine inoshanda furemu:
1. Kana blade angle iri munzvimbo yepakati, ruoko rwakadzikama uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakamira.
2. Ruoko runotenderera uye blade zvinoshandisa cylindrical pini kutumira torque, uye nzvimbo ye radial inoiswa ne snap ring.
3. Tsvimbo yekubatanidza inoparadzaniswa kuva mukati uye kunze kwekubatanidza tsvimbo, uye simba rinogoverwa zvakaenzana.
4. Pane nzeve inobata pachirongwa chekushanda, iyo yakakodzera kugadziriswa panguva yegungano. Iyo inofananidzwa inoguma yakatarisana neyeve mubato uye furemu yekushanda inoganhurwa nepini inogumira kudzivirira tsvimbo yekubatanidza kubva kunamira kana mubato wenzeve wakagadziriswa.
5. Chimiro chekushanda chinotora chimiro che "Ini". Mazhinji acho anoshandiswa mudiki uye epakati-saizi zvikamu zvine 4 kusvika 6 blades.
Yakarurama yekubatanidza nzira isina chimiro chekushanda: 1. Chimiro chekushanda chinodzimwa, uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye ruoko runotenderera runotungamirirwa zvakananga nepiston relay. muzvikwata zvikuru.
Oblique linkage mechanism ine furemu yekushanda: 1. Kana blade rotation angle iri panzvimbo yepakati, ruoko runotenderera uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza ine hombe yekona. 2. Kurohwa kwerelay kunowedzera, uye mumhanyi ane mashizha akawanda.
Imba yekumhanya
Imba yekumhanya isimbi yepasi rose simbi yakashongedzerwa chimiro, uye iyo cavitation-inorerekera zvikamu zviri pakati inogadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina yekuvandudza cavitation kuramba. Imba yevamhanyi ine kusimba kwakakwana kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zveuniform clearance pakati pemablades emumhanyi nekamuri yekumhanya kana chikwata chiri kushanda. Fekitori yedu yakagadzira nzira yakakwana yekugadzirisa mukugadzira maitiro: A. CNC vertical lathe processing. B, profiling nzira kugadzirisa. Iyo yakatwasuka koni chikamu cheiyo dhizaini chubhu yakamisikidzwa nesimbi mahwendefa, akaumbwa mufekitori, uye akaungana panzvimbo.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-26-2022
