Mumakore achangopfuura, kumhanya kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kwaita kufambira mberi kwakadzikama uye kuoma kwebudiriro kwakawedzera. Kugadzirwa kweHydropower hakupedzi mineral energy. Kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi kunobatsira kudzikisira kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse uye kuchengetedza nharaunda, nekuvandudza mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa uye zvido zvehupfumi nenharaunda. Pasi pemashure ekusarerekera kwekabhoni, tarisiro yekusimudzira yeindasitiri yemagetsi ichiri yakanaka kwenguva yakareba.
Hydropower ndeimwe yeakanakisa masimba emagetsi kuti uwane kusarerekera kabhoni
Sesimba rakachena, hydropower haiburitse chero kabhoni emissions kana kusvibiswa; Sesimba rinodzokororwa, chero bedzi paine mvura, hydropower ichave isingapere. Parizvino, China yakatarisana nebasa rakakosha rekukwira kwekabhoni uye kabhoni neutralization. Hydropower haina kuchena uye kuburitsa mahara chete, asiwo ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, uye inogona kutora chikamu mune peak regulation. Hydropower ndeimwe yeakanakisa masimba emagetsi kuti uwane kusarerekera kabhoni. Tichitarisira ramangwana, simba remvura reChina richaramba richiita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa che "double carbon".
1. Chii chinoita kuti pumped kuchengetedza mari
Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemapombi zvekuChina zvinoshandisa avhareji yemaawa mana emagetsi emagetsi uye zvinongogadzira maawa matatu emagetsi emagetsi mushure mekupomba, nekushanda kwe 75%.
Iyo pumped storage power station inopomba mvura kana mutoro wegetsi remagetsi wadzikira, woshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remvura ringangovepo, worichengeta. Kana mutoro wacho wakakwirira, unobudisa mvura kuti ibudise magetsi. Zvakafanana nepfuma huru inochajwa yakagadzirwa nemvura.
Mukuita kwekupomba nekugadzira, hazvigoneki kuti pachava nekurasikirwa. Paavhareji, pombi yekuchengetera magetsi inopedza 4 kwh yemagetsi pakupomba 3 kWh yega yega yemagetsi, neavhareji inoshanda ingangoita 75%.
Zvino mubvunzo unouya: zvinodhura zvakadini kuvaka "pfuma inogona kubhadharwa" yakakura zvakadaro?
Yangjiang Pumped Storage Power Station ndiyo hombe pombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi ine hombe imwe unit unit, yepamusoro-soro musoro uye yakakura yakavigwa kudzika muChina. Yakashongedzerwa neyekutanga seti ye400000 kW pumped storage units ine musoro wemamita 700 yakazvimiririra kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa muChina, ine yakarongwa yakaiswa inokwana 2.4 miriyoni KW.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti chirongwa cheYangjiang Pumped Storage Power Station chine mari yakazara ye7.627 bhiriyoni yuan uye ichavakwa muzvikamu zviviri. Iyo yakagadzirwa gore negore kugadzirwa kwemagetsi i3.6 bhiriyoni kwh, uye gore rega rega rekupomba simba rekushandisa i4.8 bhiriyoni kwh.
Yang yekuchengetedza magetsi haingori nzira yehupfumi yekugadzirisa mwaka wepamusoro weGuangdong magetsi grid, asi zvakare inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza mashandisiro ekushandisa uye chengetedzo yesimba renyukireya uye simba rekuMadokero, kuvandudza simba idzva uye kushandira pamwe nekuchengetedza uye kugadzikana kushanda kwesimba renyukireya. Iine zvakakosha uye zvakanaka zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakagadzikana, kwakachengeteka uye kwehupfumi kweGuangdong magetsi grid uye networking system uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa uye kuvimbika kwekushanda kwegetsi remagetsi.
Nekuda kwedambudziko rekurasikirwa kwesimba, iyo pombi yekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi inoshandisa yakawanda magetsi kupfuura kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kureva, kubva pakuona kwesimba, iyo pumped yekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi inofanira kurasikirwa nemari.
Nekudaro, mabhenefiti ehupfumi emapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi haatsamiri pakugadzira kwayo magetsi, asi pabasa rayo rekuveura ndebvu uye kuzadza mupata.
Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi pakunyanya kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye kuchengetwa kwepombi pakushandisa simba kwakaderera kunogona kudzivirira kutanga uye kuvharika kwezvidyarwa zvemagetsi akawanda emagetsi, nekudaro kudzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi panguva yekutanga uye kuvharwa kwemagetsi ekupisa. Iyo pumped yekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi zvakare ine mamwe mabasa akadai se frequency modulation, phase modulation uye dema kutanga.
Nzira dzekuchaja dzepombi dzekuchengetera magetsi emagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakasiyana. Mamwe anotora hurongwa hwekubhadhara mari yekurenda, uye mamwe matunhu anotora iwo maviri-zvikamu mutengo wemagetsi system. Pamusoro pemubhadharo wekurejesa, purofiti inogonawo kuwanikwa kuburikidza nepamusoro pemupata wemagetsi mutengo musiyano.
2. Mapurojekiti matsva ekuchengetera mapombi muna 2022
Kubva pakutanga kwegore, kusaina uye kutanga kwemapurojekiti ekuchengetera mapombi kwagara kuchishumwa: muna Ndira 30, chirongwa cheWuhai chakapomba chiteshi chemagetsi chekuchengetedza nekudyara kweanopfuura bhiriyoni 8.6 yuan uye huwandu hwakaiswa hwe1.2 miriyoni kilowatts yakabvumidzwa uye yakabvumidzwa neEnergy Bureau yeInner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Musi waKukadzi 10, chirongwa cheXiaofeng River Pumped Storage Power Station chine mari inosvika mabhiriyoni manomwe eyuan uye miriyoni 1.2 kilowatts yakasainwa muWuhan ndokugara muYiling, Hubei; On February 10, SDIC simba kambani uye vanhu Hurumende Hejin Guta, Shanxi Province vakasaina chibvumirano mari mushandirapamwe pamusoro Pumped Storage Power Station mapurojekiti, iyo inoronga kukudziridza mamiriyoni 1.2 kilowatt pumped okuchengetera zvirongwa; Musi waKukadzi 14, mhemberero yekutanga yeHubei Pingyuan yakapomba chiteshi chekuchengetera magetsi ine huwandu hwakaiswa hunosvika 1.4 miriyoni kilowatts yakaitwa muLuotian, Hubei.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, kubvira 2021, anopfuura miriyoni zana kilowatts emapurojekiti ekuchengetera mapombi akaita kufambira mberi kwakakosha. Pakati pavo, iyo State Grid neChina Southern Power Grid yakapfuura 24.7 mamiriyoni kilowatts, ikava simba guru mukuvakwa kwemapurojekiti ekuchengetedza pombi.
Parizvino, chengetedzo yepombi yave imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzemagadzirirwo emakambani makuru maviri emagetsi emagetsi panguva yegumi nemana yeChirongwa cheMakore mashanu. Pakati pemapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi akaiswa muChina, State Grid Xinyuan pasi peState Grid Corporation neSouth grid peak shaving uye frequency modulation kambani pasi peSouth Grid Corporation account yezvikamu zvikuru.
MunaGunyana gore rapfuura, Xin Baoan, mutungamiriri weState Grid, akataura pachena kuti State Grid inoronga kuisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora ekuUS (anenge 2 trillion yuan) mumakore mashanu anotevera kusimudzira shanduko nekuvandudzwa kwegetsi remagetsi. Panosvika 2030, huwandu hwakaiswa hwepombi yekuchengetedza muChina huchawedzerwa kubva pa23.41 miriyoni kilowatts kusvika pa100 miriyoni kilowatts.
Muna Gumiguru gore rapfuura, sachigaro weChina Southern Power Grid Corporation uye Munyori weboka rinotungamira bato, VaMeng Zhenping vakazivisa pamusangano wekukurudzira kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvekupombi mumapurovhinzi mashanu nematunhu ari kumaodzanyemba kuti kuvakwa kwepombi yekuchengetera magetsi kuchakurumidza. Mumakore gumi aitevera, 21 miriyoni kilowati dzepombi dzemagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi aizopedzwa otanga kushanda. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuvakwa kwe15 miriyoni kilowatts epombi yekuchengetera simba kwakarongwa kuiswa mukushanda munguva yeChigumi nematanhatu yeChirongwa cheMakore mashanu kuchatangwa. Mari yose yaizova inenge mabhiriyoni mazana maviri eyuan, iyo inogona kusangana nekuwana uye kushandiswa kwemamiriyoni e250 kilowatts emagetsi matsva mumatunhu mashanu nematunhu muSouth.
Ndichiri kushingaira kudhirowa purani huru, makambani makuru maviri emagetsi emagetsi akarongazve midziyo yavo yekuchengetera.
Muna Mbudzi gore rapfuura, State Grid Corporation yekuChina yakatamisa ese 51.54% equity yeState Grid Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd. kuState Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. mahara, uye yakabatanidza midziyo yayo yekuchengetera yakapombwa. Mune ramangwana, State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. ichava kambani yepapuratifomu yeState Grid pumped kuchengetedza bhizinesi.
Musi waKukadzi 15, Yunnan Wenshan Electric Power, iyo inonyanya kuita kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura, yakazivisa kuti yakaronga kutenga 100% equity yeChina Southern power grid peak shaving and frequency modulation power generation Co., Ltd. yakabatwa neChina Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Sekureva kwechiziviso chakapfuura, Wenshan simba richave rakanyorwa kambani chikuva chepombi yekuchengetedza bhizinesi reChina Southern Power Grid.
"Pumped storage pari zvino inozivikanwa seyakanyanya kukura, yakavimbika, yakachena uye ine hupfumi simba rekuchengetedza nzira munyika. Inogonawo kupa nguva inodiwa ye inertia yesimba remagetsi uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakadzikama kwehurongwa. Itsigiro yakakosha yesimba idzva rine simba idzva semuviri mukuru. Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe dziripo dzekuveura ndebvu uye matanho ekuchengetedza simba, ine mabhenefiti akawanda akazara." Peng CAIDE, injinjiniya mukuru weSinohydro, akataura.
Zviripachena, nzira yakanakisa yekuvandudza kugona kwegedhi remagetsi kugamuchira simba idzva kuvaka pombi yekuchengetedza kana electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza. Nekudaro, kubva pahunyanzvi hwekuona, iyo yakanyanya hupfumi uye inoshanda simba rekuchengetedza modhi mune yazvino gidhi remagetsi inopombi yekuchengetedza. Uku ndikowo kubvumirana kwenyika dzepasi rose.
Mutori wenhau akadzidza kuti pari zvino, dhizaini uye kugadzirwa kwepombi nekuchengetedza zvikamu muChina zvakanyatsoona kugarisana, uye tekinoroji yakura. Mari yemangwana yekudyara inotarisirwa kuchengetedzwa pa6500 yuan / kW. Kunyangwe iyo mutengo pa kilowatt ye peak yekuveura simba yekuchinjika shanduko yesimba remarasha inogona kudzikira se500-1500 yuan, iyo peak yekuveura kugona inowanikwa nekuchinjika kushanduka kwesimba remarasha pa kilowatt inongoita makumi maviri muzana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kushandura kushanduka kwesimba remarasha kunoda kuwana peak shaving capacity ye1kW, uye iyo chaiyo investimendi inenge 2500-7500 yuan.
"Munguva yepakati nepakati, kuchengetedzwa kwepombi ndiyo inyanzvi yekuchengetedza simba rekuchengetedza simba. Nzvimbo yemagetsi yepomped storage isimba rinoshanduka rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi matsva uye rine hupfumi huri nani." Vamwe vanhu muindasitiri vakasimbisa kumutori wenhau.
Nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekudyara, kuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji uye nekukasira kuita mapurojekiti, iyo indasitiri yekuchengetera yepombi ichaunza kusvetukira kumberi.
MunaGunyana gore rapfuura, National Energy Administration yakapa chirongwa chepakati uye chenguva refu chekusimudzira chekuchengetera pombi (2021-2035) (inozonzi chirongwa ichi), icho chakakurudzira kuti panosvika 2025, huwandu hwese hwepombi hwekuchengetera huwandu hwakaiswa mukushanda hwaizopetwa kaviri iyo yegumi nematatu chirongwa chemakore mashanu, inosvika kupfuura 62 miriyoni kilowatts; Panosvika 2030, huwandu hwese hwemapombi ekuchengetera huwandu huchaiswa mukushanda huchapeta zvakapetwa kaviri hwechirongwa chemakore mashanu, kusvika pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri emakilowatts.
Sechikamu chakakosha chekuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi, zvinotarisirwa kuti kufambira mberi kwekuvaka kwepombi yekuchengetedza, kupatsanurwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza simba, kunogona kudarika zvinotarisirwa.
Munguva ye "14th yemakore mashanu chirongwa" nguva, gore negore itsva yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza pombi richasvika anenge mamiriyoni matanhatu kilowatts, uye "15th chirongwa chemakore mashanu" chichawedzera kuwedzera kusvika kumamiriyoni gumi nemaviri kilowatts. Sekureva kweiyo data yapfuura, iyo yegore nyowani yakaiswa simba repombi yekuchengetedza inongosvika mamirioni maviri kilowatts. Zvichienderana neavhareji yekudyara chiyero che5000 yuan pakilowatt, chiyero chitsva chekudyara pagore panguva ye "chirongwa chemakore mashanu" uye "chirongwa chemakore mashanu" chichasvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emayuan uye 50 bhiriyoni maererano.
Iyo "pumped storage shanduko yezvakajairwa hydropower stations" inotaurwa muchirongwa yakakoshawo zvakanyanya. Iyo hybrid pumped chengetedzo yakashandurwa kubva kune yakajairwa hydropower zviteshi kazhinji ine yakaderera mutengo wekushandisa uye zviri pachena zvakanakira mukushandira mashandisirwo emagetsi matsva uye kuvakwa kwesimba idzva, iyo inofanirwa kutariswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-15-2022
