Pasi rose, mafekitori emagetsi anogadzirwa nemvura anogadzira magetsi angangoita 24 muzana pasi rose uye anopa vanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe chete simba. Mafekitori emagetsi anogadzirwa nemvura pasi rose anogadzira mamegawatts 675,000, simba rakaenzana nemabhero emafuta mabhiriyoni 3.6, sekureva kweNational Renewable Energy Laboratory. Kune mafekitori emagetsi anogadzirwa nemvura anopfuura 2,000 anoshanda muUnited States, zvichiita kuti simba remagetsi rive simba guru rinowanikwazve munyika.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa kuti mvura inodonha inogadzira sei simba uye tichadzidza nezve hydrological cycle iyo inogadzira kuyerera kwemvura kunokosha kune simba remvura. Uchaonawo kushandiswa kwakasiyana kwesimba remvura kunogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva.
Kana uchiona rwizi ruchipfuura, zvakaoma kufungidzira simba rarwo. Kana wakambofamba nechikepe mumvura yakachena, wakanzwa chikamu chidiki chesimba rerwizi. Mvura inoyerera mumvura yakachena inogadzirwa serwizi, inotakura mvura yakawanda ichidzika mugomo, ichidzika nepakati penzira yakamanikana. Rwizi parunomanikidzwa kupinda nemuburi iri, mvura inoyerera nekukurumidza. Mafashamo ndeimwe muenzaniso wekuti mvura yakawanda inogona kuva nesimba rakadii.
Zvivakwa zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa simba remvura uye zvinoshandisa michina iri nyore kushandura simba iroro kuita magetsi. Zvivakwa zvemagetsi zvinogadzirwa nemagetsi zvakavakirwa pane imwe pfungwa iri nyore - mvura inoyerera nemudhamu inoshandura turbine, iyo inoshandura jenareta.
Heano zvinhu zvakakosha zvechigadzirwa chemagetsi chenguva dzose:
Mugodhi unobatanidza turbine nejenareta
Dhamu - Zvivakwa zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mvura zvinoshandisa dhamu rinochengeta mvura, zvichiita kuti pave nedhamu guru. Kazhinji, dhamu iri rinoshandiswa sedziva rekuvaraidza, senge Lake Roosevelt paDamu reGrand Coulee muWashington State.
Kupinda kwemvura - Magedhi ari padhamu anovhurika uye simba regiravhiti rinodhonza mvura nepamuchina wepasi, muchina unoenda kuturbine. Mvura inowedzera kumanikidzwa painoyerera nepamuchina uyu.
Turbine – Mvura inorova uye inotenderedza mashizha makuru eturbine, ayo anobatanidzwa kune jenareta riri pamusoro payo kuburikidza neshaft. Rudzi rweturbine rwakajairika kune hydropower plants iFrancis Turbine, iyo inotaridzika sedhisiki hombe ine mashizha akakombama. Turbine inogona kurema matani 172 uye inotenderera nekukurumidza kwema90 rpm (rpm), zvichienderana neFoundation for Water & Energy Education (FWEE).
Majenareta – Sezvo mashizha eturbine achitenderera, ndizvo zvinoitawo magineti akawanda ari mukati mejenareta. Magineti makuru anotenderera achipfuura nepakati pemakoiri emhangura, achigadzira alternating current (AC) nekufambisa maerekitironi. (Uchadzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandiro anoita jenareta gare gare.)
Transformer - Transformer iri mukati meimba yemagetsi inotora AC yoishandura kuita voltage yakakwira.
Tambo dzemagetsi - Kubva muchiteshi chega chega chemagetsi kunobva waya ina: matanho matatu emagetsi anogadzirwa panguva imwe chete pamwe neasingapindi kana kuti pasi anowirirana neaya ese matatu. (Verenga Mashandiro Anoita Magridhi Emagetsi Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Kutumirwa Kwetambo dzemagetsi.)
Kubuda kwemvura - Mvura inoshandiswa inotakurwa nemumapaipi, anonzi tailraces, yopindazve murwizi rwuri pasi.
Mvura iri mudura inoonekwa sesimba rakachengetwa. Kana magedhi avhurwa, mvura inoyerera nepakati pedura inova simba rekufamba nekuti inenge ichifamba. Huwandu hwemagetsi anogadzirwa hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda. Zvinhu zviviri izvi uwandu hwemvura inoyerera uye huwandu hwemusoro we hydraulic. Musoro unoreva daro riri pakati pemvura nema turbine. Sezvo musoro nekuyerera zvichiwedzera, magetsi anogadzirwawo anowedzerawo. Musoro unowanzoenderana nehuwandu hwemvura iri mudura.
Kune rumwe rudzi rwechigadzirwa chemagetsi emvura, chinonzi pomped-storage plant. Muchigadzirwa chemagetsi chemazuva ose, mvura inobva mudura inoyerera nemuchigadzirwa, yobuda uye yotakurwa ichidzika nerwizi. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi emvura chine matangi maviri:
Dziva repamusoro - Kufanana nefekitori yemagetsi yemvura, dhamu rinogadzira dhamu. Mvura iri mudende iri inoyerera nemufekitori yemagetsi yemvura kuti igadzire magetsi.
Dziva repasi - Mvura inobuda muchitubu chemagetsi inoyerera ichipinda mudziva repasi pane kupindazve murwizi yoyerera ichidzika pasi.
Uchishandisa turbine inodzoserwa, fekitari inogona kupomba mvura kudzokera kudhamu repamusoro. Izvi zvinoitwa munguva dzisiri dzenguva yekushanda zvakanyanya. Chaizvoizvo, dhamu rechipiri rinozadzazve dhamu repamusoro. Nekupomba mvura kudzokera kudhamu repamusoro, fekitari ine mvura yakawanda yekugadzira magetsi panguva yekushandiswa kwakanyanya.
Jenareta
Chinoumba gwenya remagetsi emvura ndicho chinogadzira magetsi. Mafekitori mazhinji emagetsi emvura ane akawanda emajenareta aya.
Jenareta, sezvamungafungidzira, ndiyo inogadzira magetsi. Maitiro ekutanga ekugadzira magetsi nenzira iyi ndeyekutenderedza magineti akatevedzana mukati me coils yewaya. Maitiro aya anofambisa maerekitironi, ayo anoburitsa magetsi emagetsi.
Dhamu reHoover rine majenareta gumi nemanomwe, rimwe nerimwe richikwanisa kugadzira mamegawatts anosvika 133. Huwandu hwese hweHoover Dam hydropower plant hunosvika 2,074 megawatts. Jenareta rega rega rakagadzirwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvekutanga:
Turbine painotenderera, excitor inotumira magetsi kurotor. Rotor imhando yemagineti makuru anotenderera mukati me coil yewaya yemhangura yakakuvara zvakasimba, inonzi stator. Simba remagineti riri pakati pe coil nemagineti rinogadzira magetsi.
MuDhamu reHoover, simba remagetsi re16,500 amps rinofamba kubva mujenareta kuenda kutransformer, uko simba remagetsi rinokwira kusvika ku230,000 amps risati ratumirwa.
Zvivako zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mukana wemaitiro anongoitika echisikigo, anoenderera mberi - maitiro anokonzera mvura kunaya uye nzizi dzichikwira. Zuva rega rega, pasi redu rinorasikirwa nemvura shoma kuburikidza nemhepo sezvo mwaranzi ye ultraviolet ichiparadzanisa mamorekuru emvura. Asi panguva imwe chete, mvura itsva inoburitswa kubva mukati meNyika kuburikidza nekuputika kwemakomo. Huwandu hwemvura inogadzirwa nehuwandu hwemvura inorasika hwakafanana.
Pane imwe nguva, huwandu hwemvura pasi rose huri mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Inogona kuva mvura, semumakungwa, nzizi nemvura; yakasimba, semuchando; kana kuti ine gasi, semumvura isingaonekwe mumhepo. Mvura inochinja mamiriro ayo painofambiswa pasi rose nemhepo. Mhepo inogadzirwa nekupisa kwezuva. Mhepo inotenderera inogadzirwa nezuva rinopenya zvakanyanya paequator kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.
Mhepo inotenderera inofambisa mvura yepasi pano kuburikidza nedenderedzwa rayo, rinonzi hydrological cycle. Zuva parinopisa mvura yemvura, mvura inoputika kuita utsi mumhepo. Zuva rinopisa mhepo, zvichiita kuti mhepo ikwire mumhepo. Mhepo inotonhora zvakanyanya, saka utsi hwemvura pahunokwira, hunotonhora, huchidzika kuita madonhwe. Kana madonhwe akawanda akaungana munzvimbo imwe chete, madonhwe acho anogona kurema zvekudzokera kuNyika semvura.
Kutenderera kwemvura kwakakosha kumafekitori emagetsi emvura nekuti anoenderana nekuyerera kwemvura. Kana mvura ikasanaya pedyo nefekitori, mvura haizounganidze kumusoro kwerwizi. Kana pasina mvura inoungana pamusoro perwizi, mvura shoma inoyerera nemufekitori yemagetsi emvura uye magetsi mashoma anogadzirwa.
Pfungwa huru yesimba remvura ndeyekushandisa simba remvura inofamba kuti itenderedze banga re turbine. Kazhinji, dhamu guru rinofanira kuvakwa pakati perwizi kuti riite basa iri. Chimwe chinhu chitsva chiri kushandisa pfungwa yesimba remvura padanho diki kuti ipe magetsi kumidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika.
Muvambi Robert Komarechka wekuOntario, Canada, akauya nepfungwa yekuisa majenareta madiki emagetsi emvura pasi peshangu. Anotenda kuti ma micro-turbine aya achagadzira magetsi akakwana kuti ashandise chero mudziyo. Muna Chivabvu 2001, Komarechka akagamuchira patent yemudziyo wake wakasarudzika unoshanda netsoka.
Pane musimboti chaiwo wekuti tinofamba sei: Tsoka inodonha kubva kuchitsitsinho kuenda kuchigunwe panguva imwe neimwe. Tsoka yako painowira pasi, simba rinodzikiswa pasi kuburikidza nechitsitsinho chako. Paunogadzirira danho rako rinotevera, unotenderedza tsoka yako mberi, saka simba racho rinoendeswa kubhora retsoka yako. Asi Komarechka akaona musimboti uyu wekutanga wekufamba uye akagadzira pfungwa yekushandisa simba rebasa iri rezuva nezuva.
Kune zvikamu zvishanu zve "shangu dzine generator yemagetsi" yaKomarechka, sezvakatsanangurwa mu patent yayo:
Mvura - Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa mvura inofambisa magetsi.
Masaga ekubata mvura - Saga rimwe rinoiswa muchitsitsinho uye rimwe muchikamu chetsoka cheshangu.
Migero - Migero inobatanidza saga rega rega kune microgenerator.
Turbine - Mvura painofamba ichidzokera shure nekudzoka mupasi, inofambisa mapanga eturbine diki.
Jenereta yeMicrogenerator - Jenereta iri pakati pemasagi maviri akazadzwa nemvura, uye ine rotor ine vane, iyo inotyaira shaft uye inotenderedza jenereta.
Munhu paanofamba, kudzvanywa kwemvura iri mubhegi riri muchitsitsinho cheshangu kunomanikidza mvura kupinda nemumugero wemvura uye kupinda mumodule yemagetsi emvura. Mushandisi paanoramba achifamba, chitsitsinho chinosimudzwa uye kudzvanywa pasi kuchaiswa pabhegi riri pasi pebhora retsoka yemunhu. Kufamba kwemvura kuchatenderera rotor neshaft kuti igadzire magetsi.
Pachave nesoketi yekunze yekubatanidza waya kune mudziyo unotakurika. Chishandiso chekuburitsa magetsi chinogonawo kupfekwa pabhandi remushandisi. Midziyo yemagetsi inogona kubatanidzwa kune ichi chishandiso chekuburitsa magetsi, icho chichapa magetsi nguva dzose.
"Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemidziyo inotakurika inoshandiswa nemabhatiri," patent inoti, "pane kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwekupa sosi yemagetsi inogara kwenguva refu, inochinjika uye inoshanda." Komarechka anotarisira kuti mudziyo wake uchashandiswa pakupa simba kumakombiyuta anotakurika, nharembozha, maCD player, maGPS receiver uye maredhiyo enzira mbiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-21-2022
