Pasi rose, magwenya emagetsi anogadzira magetsi anosvika zvikamu makumi maviri nezvina kubva muzana zvepasi rose uye anopa vanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe magetsi. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvepasi rose zvinoburitsa huwandu hwakabatanidzwa hwe675,000 megawatts, simba rakaenzana nemabhiriyoni 3.6 emadhiramu emafuta, sekureva kweNational Renewable Energy Laboratory. Kune anopfuura zviuru zviviri emagetsi emagetsi ari kushanda muUnited States, zvichiita kuti magetsi emvura ave nyika huru pane simba rinowanikwazve munyika.
Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa kuti mvura inodonha inogadzira sei simba uye tidzidze nezve hydrologic cycle inogadzira kuyerera kwemvura kwakakosha kune hydropower. Iwe zvakare unozowana tarisiro pane imwe yakasarudzika application yehydropower iyo inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva.
Kana uchiona rwizi rwuchikunguruka, zvakaoma kufungidzira simba rarwo rwakatakura. Kana iwe wakambove wakachena-mvura rafting, saka iwe wakanzwa chikamu chidiki chesimba rerwizi. Mvura yakachena-yemvura inogadzirwa serwizi, inotakura mvura yakawanda ichidzika pasi, mabhodhoro kuburikidza nemugwagwa wakamanikana. Sezvo rwizi ruchimanikidzirwa nepaburi iri, kuyerera kwarwo kunowedzera. Mafashamo ndiwo mumwe muenzaniso wekuti isimba rakakura sei remvura rinogona kuita.
Zvidyarwa zveHydropower zvinoshandisa simba remvura uye zvinoshandisa makanika ari nyore kushandura simba iroro kuita magetsi. Zvidyarwa zveHydropower zvakavakirwa papfungwa iri nyore - mvura inoyerera nemudhamu inoshandura turbine, inoshandura jenareta.
Hezvino izvo zvakakosha zveyakajairwa hydropower chirimwa:
Iyo shaft inobatanidza turbine uye jenareta
Dhamu - Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvinotsamira padhamu rinochengeta mvura, zvichigadzira dziva rakakura. Kazhinji, dhamu iri rinoshandiswa sedhamu rekutandara, seLake Roosevelt paGrand Coulee Dam muWashington State.
Kutora - Magedhi padhamu akavhurika uye giravhiti inodhonza mvura kuburikidza nepeni, pombi inotungamira kune turbine. Mvura inovaka dzvinyiriro painoyerera nepapombi iyi.
Turbine - Mvura inorova uye inoshandura mashizha makuru eturbine, anosungirirwa kune jenareta pamusoro payo nenzira ye shaft. Rudzi rweturbine rinonyanya kuzivikanwa pazvidyarwa zvehydropower iFrancis Turbine, inoita sedhisiki hombe rine mablades akakombama. Tubhini inogona kurema kusvika matani zana nemakumi manomwe nembiri uye kutendeuka pamwero we90 revolutions paminiti (rpm), maererano neSangano reMvura & Nesimba Dzidzo (FWEE).
Majenareta - Sezvo mashizha eturbine anotendeuka, saka ita nhevedzano yemagineti mukati mejenareta. Magineti makuru anotenderedza makoiri emhangura apfuura, achigadzira alternating current (AC) nekufambisa maerekitironi. (Uchadzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandisiro anoita jenareta gare gare.)
Transformer - Iyo inoshandura mukati meimba yemagetsi inotora iyo AC uye inoishandura kune yakakwirira-voltage ikozvino.
Tambo dzemagetsi - Kubva pamagetsi ese anobuda waya ina: zvikamu zvitatu zvesimba zviri kugadzirwa panguva imwe chete pamwe nekusarerekera kana pasi kunowanikwa kune ese matatu. (Verenga Mashandiro EMagetsi Ekugovera Magetsi kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekufambiswa kwetambo dzemagetsi.)
Kubuda kunze - Mvura yakashandiswa inotakurwa nemapaipi, inonzi tailraces, uye inopindazve murwizi zasi kwerwizi.
Mvura iri mudura inoonekwa sesimba rakachengetwa. Kana masuwo akazaruka, mvura inoyerera nepakati pepenstock inova kinetic simba nekuti iri kufamba. Kuwanda kwemagetsi anogadzirwa kunotarirwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Zviviri zvezvinhu izvi huwandu hwekuyerera kwemvura uye huwandu hwemusoro wehydraulic. Musoro unoreva chinhambwe chiri pakati pepamusoro pemvura nematurbines. Sezvo musoro uye kuyerera kunowedzera, saka magetsi anogadzirwa. Musoro unowanzo enderana nehuwandu hwemvura mumudziyo.
Pane imwe mhando yemagetsi emagetsi, inonzi pumped-storage plant. Mune yakajairika hydropower chirimwa, mvura kubva mudziva inoyerera nemuchirimwa, ichibuda uye inotakurwa ichidzika nerukova. Pombi-yekuchengetera chirimwa chine matura maviri:
Upper reservoir - Kufanana neyakajairwa hydropower chirimwa, dhamu rinogadzira dhamu. Mvura iri mudhamu iri inoyerera nemugetsi remagetsi inogadzira magetsi.
Lower pool - Mvura inobuda mugetsi remagetsi inoyerera ichipinda mudhamu rezasi pane kuti ipindezve murwizi uye ichiyerera ichidzika pasi.
Uchishandisa turbine inodzoreredzwa, chirimwa chinogona kupomba mvura ichidzokera kudhamu repamusoro. Izvi zvinoitwa mu-off-peak hours. Zvikurukuru, dura rechipiri rinozadzazve dhamu repamusoro. Nekupomba mvura kudzokera kudhamu repamusoro, chirimwa ichi chine mvura yakawanda yekuburitsa magetsi panguva dzekushandisa zvakanyanya.
Jenereta
Mwoyo wehydroelectric power plant ndiyo jenareta. Mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi ane akati wandei emajenareta aya.
Jenareta, sezvaungave wakafungidzira, inogadzira magetsi. Maitiro ekugadzira magetsi nenzira iyi ndeyekutenderedza akatevedzana magineti mukati memakoiri ewaya. Iyi nzira inofamba maerekitironi, ayo anogadzira magetsi emagetsi.
Damu reHoover rine majenareta anokwana gumi nemanomwe, rimwe nerimwe richikwanisa kugadzira mamegawati anosvika zana nemakumi matatu nematatu. Huwandu hwesimba reHoover Dam hydropower plant i2,074 megawatts. Jenareta imwe neimwe inogadzirwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha:
Sezvo turbine inotendeuka, iyo excitor inotumira magetsi kune rotor. Rotor inhevedzano yemagetsi makuru emagetsi anotenderera mukati mecoil ine ronda rakasimba rewaya yemhangura, inonzi stator. Iyo magnetic field pakati pekoiri nemagineti inogadzira magetsi emagetsi.
MuDamu reHoover, ikozvino ye16,500 amps inofamba kubva kune jenareta ichienda kune transformer, uko ikozvino ramps inosvika 230,000 amps isati yatumirwa.
Zvigadzirwa zveHydropower zvinotora mukana wezvinongoitika, zvinoramba zvichiitika - maitiro anoita kuti mvura inaye uye nzizi dzisimuke. Zuva rega rega, pasi redu rinorasikirwa nehuwandu hwemvura kuburikidza nemhepo sezvo mwaranzi yeultraviolet inopwanya mamorekuru emvura. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, mvura itsva inobudiswa kubva mukati mePasi kuburikidza nekuputika kwemakomo. Kuwanda kwemvura yakagadzirwa uye huwandu hwemvura yakarasika inenge yakafanana.
Panguva ipi neipi, uwandu hwemvura yose pasi rose huri muzvimiro zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Inogona kuva mvura, semumakungwa, nzizi uye mvura; yakasimba, semumazaya echando; kana gasi, semumhute isingaoneki yemvura iri mumhepo. Mvura inochinja nyika sezvainotenderera pasirese nemhepo. Mhepo yemhepo inogadzirwa nekupisa kwezuva. Kutenderera kwemhepo kunogadzirwa nezuva rinopenya zvakanyanya paequator pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.
Mhepo-yemazuva ano inofambisa mvura yePasi kuburikidza nekutenderera kwayo, kunonzi hydrologic cycle. Sezvo zuva richipisa mvura yemvura, mvura inoputika kuva mhute iri mumhepo. Zuva rinopisa mhepo, zvichiita kuti mweya ukwire mumhepo. Mhepo inotonhora zvakanyanya kumusoro, saka kana mhute yemvura ichikwira, inotonhora, ichidzika kuita madonhwe. Kana madonhwe akakwana akaungana munzvimbo imwe, madonhwe anogona kurema zvekudzokera kuPasi sekunaya.
Iyo hydrologic kutenderera kwakakosha kune hydropower zvidyarwa nekuti zvinoenderana nekuyerera kwemvura. Kana pakashaikwa mvura pedyo nechirimwa, mvura haiunganidzi kumusoro kwerwizi. Pasina mvura inounganidza parukova, mvura shoma inoyerera nemugetsi regetsi uye magetsi mashoma anogadzirwa.
Pfungwa huru ye hydropower ndeye kushandisa simba remvura inofamba kushandura blade yeturbine. Kazhinji, dhamu guru rinofanirwa kuvakwa pakati perwizi kuti riite basa iri. Chigadzirwa chitsva chiri kushandisa pfungwa yemagetsi emagetsi pachiyero chidiki zvikuru kupa magetsi emidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika.
Inventor Robert Komarechka wekuOntario, Canada, akauya nepfungwa yekuisa majenareta madiki emagetsi emagetsi mupasi peshangu. Anotenda kuti mamicro-turbines aya achagadzira magetsi akakwana kuti ape simba chero gadget. Muna Chivabvu 2001, Komarechka akagamuchira patent yechigadzirwa chake chakasiyana netsoka.
Pane musimboti chaiwo wekufamba kwatinoita: Tsoka inodonha chitsitsinho-kugunwe panguva yega yega. Sezvo rutsoka rwako ruchidzika pasi, simba rinodzikiswa pasi nechitsitsinho chako. Paunogadzirira nhanho yako inotevera, unotenderedza tsoka yako mberi, saka simba rinotamirwa kubhora retsoka yako. Komarechka sezviri pachena akacherechedza iyi nheyo yekutanga yekufamba uye yakagadzira pfungwa yekushandisa simba rechiitiko ichi chezuva nezuva.
Kune zvikamu zvishanu kuKomarechka "shangu dzine hydroelectric generator assembly," sekutsanangurwa kwayo patent:
Fluid - Iyo sisitimu ichashandisa yemagetsi conductive fluid.
Sacs kubata mvura - Imwe saga inoiswa muchitsitsinho uye imwe muchikamu chechigunwe cheshangu.
Conduits - Conduits inobatanidza sag yega yega kune microgenerator.
Turbine - Sezvo mvura inofamba ichidzoka ichienda muga, inofambisa mashizha eturbine diki.
Microgenerator - Jenareta iri pakati pemasaga maviri akazadzwa nemvura, uye inosanganisira vane rotor, iyo inotyaira shaft uye inoshandura jenareta.
Sezvo munhu achifamba, kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura mu sac iri muchitsitsinho cheshangu kunomanikidza mvura kuburikidza nemukoto uye kupinda mu hydroelectric generator module. Sezvo mushandisi anoramba achifamba, chitsitsinho chichasimudzwa uye kuderera kunoiswa pasi pasaga pasi pebhora retsoka yemunhu. Kufamba kwemvura kunotenderera rotor uye shaft kugadzira magetsi.
Socket yekunze ichapihwa yekubatanidza waya kune inotakurika mudziyo. A power-control output unit inogonawo kupihwa kuti ipfekwe pabhandi remushandisi. Midziyo yemagetsi inogona kubatanidzwa kune iyi simba-control inobuda unit, iyo ichapa yakadzikama yemagetsi.
"Nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemidziyo inofambiswa nebhatiri, inotakurika," patent inoverenga," pane kuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwekupa magetsi anogara kwenguva refu, anochinjika, anoshanda nesimba. Komarechka anotarisira kuti mudziyo wake uchashandiswa kugonesa makombiyuta anotakurika, nharembozha, maCD player, GPS receiver uye two-way radios.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-21-2022
