Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagetsi emvura, uko kuiswa kunobva kumadhamu makuru egigawatt kusvika kumapico-turbine madiki, turbine yeFrancis yagara ichitonga sedhizaini inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika muchikamu chidiki kusvika chepakati, uko turbine ye100kW yeFrancis inoonekwa sebhiza rebasa rakasimba uye rinoshanda zvakanyanya, rakakodzera zvakakwana kushandisa simba renzizi nenzizi pakugadzira simba rakaganhurirwa.
Turbine ye100kW Francis iturbine yereaction, zvichireva kuti inoshanda yakanyura mumvura uye inoshandisa simba remvura uye kumhanya kwayo kugadzira simba rinotenderera. Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa kubva kumaturbine eimplifier akadai sePelton wheel, ayo anoshandisa simba remvura. Zita rekuti "100kW" rinoratidza simba rayo remagetsi—rakakwana kuti rirambe richipa simba dzimba dzeAmerica dzinosvika 80-100, huwandu hwakawanda kune nharaunda iri kure, indasitiri diki, kana basa rekurima.
Dhizaini yeFrancis turbine inoshamisa ye hydraulic engineering. Mvura inotungamirwa mu spiral-shaped casing, inozivikanwa se volute, iyo inogovera kuyerera kwakaenzana kwakatenderedza turbine. Mvura inobva yapfuura nepakati pe fixed guide vanes, kana kuti wicket gates. Aya mavane anogona kugadziriswa, zvichibvumira mushandi kudzora huwandu nekona yekuyerera kwemvura inopinda mu runner, zvichiita kuti turbine ishande zvakanaka pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekuyerera kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa (musoro). Mwoyo we turbine ndiyo runner, nhevedzano yema blades akakombama akanyatsoiswa pakati pemhete mbiri. Sezvo mvura ichifamba nepakati pema passage aya akakombama, inotamisa simba rayo, zvichiita kuti runner itenderere. Mvura inobva yabuda ne axially kuburikidza ne draft tube, iyo inobatsira kudzoreredza kumanikidzwa uye inowedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Chiyero che100kW chinoenderana nemamiriro emvura chaiwo. Kazhinji, turbine yehukuru uhwu inoshanda zvakanaka pasi pemusoro wepakati—chero pakati pemamita makumi maviri kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu—uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura uri pakati nepakati. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kunzvimbo dzakawanda dzine makomo kana makomo uko kudonha kwakaringana kwakamira kunowanikwa. Kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kushanda kwayo kwepamusoro (kazhinji kupfuura 90%) mukuyerera kwakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwemavane ayo anogadziriswa ekutungamira ndiyo mukana mukuru.
Mashandisirwo e100kW Francis turbine akawanda. Ndiwo musimboti wema mini-grid akawanda uye mapurojekiti e micro-hydropower, achipa simba rakavimbika, rinogadziriswazve, uye risingagadzirisike zvakanyanya kunharaunda dziri kunze kwegrid. Anoshandiswawo mumafekitori madiki emaindasitiri, masisitimu ekudiridza, uye kunyange sechikamu chemasisitimu ekudonhedza mvura munzizi hombe uko ma turbine akawanda anoiswa panzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Mukupedzisa, turbine yeFrancis ye100kW inomiririra nzvimbo yakanaka muhunyanzvi hwemagetsi emvura. Inopa nzira yakasimbiswa, yakavimbika, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya yekushandura simba rechisikigo remvura inodonha kuita magetsi anokosha. Kune mapurojekiti ane hunhu hwepakati nepakati uye kuyerera, inoramba iri sarudzo isingakundike, ichibatanidza misimboti yekare yekuchinja kwemvura nezvinhu zvemazuva ano uye mainjiniya kuti ipe simba rakachena kwemakumi emakore.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-03-2025
