Avereji yachitukuko chazinthu zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi ku China chafika 60%, pomwe madera ena akuyandikira 90%. Kuwona momwe mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono ingatengere nawo gawo pakusintha kobiriwira ndikukula kwamagetsi atsopano pansi pa carbon peak ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yaying'ono yathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'madera akumidzi ku China, kuthandizira chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akumidzi, komanso kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwachitukuko kwazinthu zazing'ono zamagetsi ku China zafika 60%, madera ena akuyandikira 90%. Cholinga cha chitukuko chaching'ono chopangira mphamvu yamadzi chasintha kuchoka pakukula kwachuma kupita pakukumba ndi kuyang'anira katundu. Posachedwapa, mtolankhaniyo anafunsa Dr. Xu Jincai, Mtsogoleri wa International Small Hydropower Center ya Utumiki wa Madzi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Hydroelectric Power Generation Committee ya Chinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti afufuze momwe magetsi ang'onoang'ono amatha kutenga nawo mbali pakusintha kobiriwira ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo latsopano la mphamvu pansi pa maziko a mpweya wa carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale.
Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono imagwira ntchito yanji pokwaniritsa zolinga za carbon?
Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, maiko 136 adaganiza zokhala ndi zolinga zosalowerera ndale za kaboni, zomwe zikukhudza 88% ya mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi, 90% ya GDP, ndi 85% ya anthu. Mchitidwe wa kusintha kobiriwira padziko lonse lapansi ndi kutsika kwa kaboni sikungatheke. China yatinso ikhazikitse mfundo ndi njira zolimba, kuyesetsa kutulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide chisanafike chaka cha 2030 ndikukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni chaka cha 2060 chisanafike.
Kupitilira 70% ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha padziko lonse lapansi ndi wokhudzana ndi mphamvu, ndipo vuto la nyengo likufuna kuti tiziwongolera mosamalitsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Dziko la China ndilomwe limapanga mphamvu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso ogula zinthu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 1/5 ndi 1/4 yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, motsatana. Mphamvu zake zimakhala ndi malasha ambiri, mafuta osakwanira, komanso mpweya wochepa. Kudalira kunja kwa mafuta ndi gasi lachilengedwe kumaposa 70% ndi 40%, motero.
Komabe, liwiro la chitukuko cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa likuwonekera kwa onse. Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, okwana anaika mphamvu ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kuposa 1.2 biliyoni kilowatts, ndi padziko lonse anaika mphamvu ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa anali za 3.3 biliyoni kilowatts. Titha kunena kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa zamphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zimachokera ku China. Makampani opanga magetsi aku China apanga mwayi wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi, wokhala ndi zigawo zazikulu za photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yamphepo zomwe zimawerengera 70% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kukula kofulumira kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kudzachititsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kochulukira kwa zinthu zoyendetsera ntchito, komanso ubwino wowongolera mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi udzawonekeranso kwambiri. Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndiyo ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri wongowonjezera mphamvu ndipo itenga gawo labwino pakusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi. Poyankha, boma la US likukonzekera kuyika ndalama zokwana madola 630 miliyoni pakukonzanso ndi kukweza magawo amagetsi amadzi padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pakukonza magetsi amadzi ndi kukonza bwino.
Ngakhale magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi amakhala ndi gawo laling'ono lamakampani opanga mphamvu zamadzi ku China, ndikofunikabe kwambiri. Pali masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opitilira 10000 opangira mphamvu yamadzi ku China okhala ndi mphamvu zosungirako ma kiyubiki metres 100000 kapena kupitilira apo, omwe ndi apadera omwe amagawira mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu komanso zowongolera zomwe zitha kuthandizira gawo lalikulu la kuphatikiza mphamvu zatsopano zachigawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Kukula kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono komanso kukhalirana kogwirizana ndi chilengedwe
Pankhani ya carbon peak ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon, njira yotukula mphamvu yamadzi ang'onoang'ono yasintha kuti igwirizane ndi zomangamanga zatsopano zamagetsi ndi kukwaniritsa kukhalirana kogwirizana pakati pa chitukuko chaching'ono cha mphamvu yamadzi ndi chilengedwe. The Action Plan for Carbon Peak isanafike 2030 ikufuna kufulumizitsa chitukuko chobiriwira chamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ngati gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwamphamvu kobiriwira komanso kutsika kwa kaboni.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yachita zambiri mchitidwe wobiriwira kusintha ndi chitukuko yaing'ono hydropower. Chimodzi ndi kukonzanso bwino komanso kukulitsa mphamvu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono. Munthawi ya 12th Year Plan Plan, boma lapakati lidayika ndalama zokwana 8.5 biliyoni kuti amalize kukonza bwino komanso kukulitsa malo 4300 opangira magetsi kumadera akumidzi. Munthawi ya 13th Year Planning, boma lapakati lidapereka ndalama zokwana 4.6 biliyoni. Malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono opitilira 2100 m'zigawo 22 adamaliza kukonza bwino ndikukulitsa, ndipo mitsinje yopitilira 1300 idamaliza kusintha ndi kukonzanso chilengedwe. Mu 2017, International Small Hydropower Center inakonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito "Global Environment Fund" China Small Hydropower Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion and Transformation Value Added Project. Pakali pano, ntchito yoyeserera yamalizidwa m’mapulojekiti 19 m’zigawo 8, ndipo zokumana nazo zikufotokozedwa mwachidule ndi kugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Chachiwiri ndi kuyeretsa kwakung'ono kwa hydropower ndi kukonzanso kochitidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamadzi, kuphatikiza kubwezeretsa kulumikizana kwa mitsinje ndikukonza magawo amitsinje omwe adasokonekera. Kuchokera mu 2018 mpaka 2020, Yangtze River Economic Belt idayeretsa ndikukonza malo ang'onoang'ono opitilira 25000 opangira magetsi, ndipo malo opangira magetsi opitilira 21000 adagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka zachilengedwe molingana ndi malamulo, ndipo adalumikizidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana owongolera. Pakali pano, kuyeretsa ndi kukonza malo opangira mphamvu yamadzi opitilira 2800 mu Yellow River Basin kukuchitika.
Chachitatu ndikupanga malo owonetsera magetsi ang'onoang'ono obiriwira. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono obiriwira opangira madzi mu 2017, mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, China yapanga masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opitilira 900 opangira magetsi opangira madzi. Masiku ano, kusintha kobiriwira ndi chitukuko cha magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira madzi kwakhala ndondomeko ya dziko. Malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi m'maboma ndi m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana akonza njira zobiriwira zopangira mphamvu yamadzi, kukonza njira zotulutsira zachilengedwe komanso kuyang'anira, ndikukhazikitsanso kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe. Popanga ziwonetsero zingapo zazing'ono zobiriwira zopangira mphamvu yamadzi, tikufuna kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chapamwamba cha kusintha kobiriwira m'mabeseni a mitsinje, madera, ngakhalenso makampani ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi.
Chachinayi ndikukonza malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi. Pakalipano, malo ambiri opangira magetsi opangira magetsi asintha njira yodziwika bwino yodziyimira pawokha komanso kugawa masiteshoni amodzi, ndipo akukhazikitsa njira yolumikizirana yamagulu opangira magetsi m'madera kapena m'madzi.
Thandizani kukwaniritsa zolinga za "dual carbon".
Ponseponse, m'mbuyomu, ntchito yomanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi inali yopereka magetsi komanso kukwaniritsa magetsi akumidzi. Kukonzanso kwaposachedwa kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi kumafuna kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira malo opangira magetsi, ndikukwaniritsa kusintha kobiriwira kwapamwamba. Chitukuko chokhazikika chamagetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower m'tsogolomu chidzakhala ndi gawo lapadera la malamulo osungira mphamvu, kuthandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga za "carbon carbon".
Kuyang'ana zam'tsogolo, malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono omwe alipo atha kusinthidwa kukhala malo opangira magetsi opopera kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso mwachisawawa ndikukwaniritsa kusintha kobiriwira kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu May chaka chatha, pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwa Chunchangba Pumped Storage Power Station m'chigawo cha Xiaojin, Aba Prefecture, m'chigawo cha Sichuan, njira yophatikizira ya hydropower, photovoltaics, ndi yosungirako mapampu inakhazikitsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya hydropower ndi mphamvu zatsopano zimayenderana mwamphamvu. Masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yochulukirapo, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo sanachitepo kanthu poyang'anira magetsi. Malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono atha kutenga nawo gawo pazomera zamagetsi kuti akwaniritse kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi zochitika zamsika, ndikupereka chithandizo chothandizira monga kumeta kwambiri, kuwongolera pafupipafupi, ndikusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera magetsi.
Mwayi wina womwe sungathe kunyalanyazidwa ndikuti kuphatikiza kwa hydropower ndi ziphaso zobiriwira, magetsi obiriwira, ndi malonda a kaboni zidzabweretsa phindu latsopano. Kutengera mwachitsanzo, satifiketi yobiriwira yapadziko lonse lapansi, mu 2022, tidayambitsa kupanga ziphaso zobiriwira zapadziko lonse lapansi zamagetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower. Tinasankha malo opangira magetsi 19 mu Lishui Demonstration Zone ya International Small Hydropower Center monga ziwonetsero za chitukuko cha satifiketi yobiriwira yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tamaliza kulembetsa, kutulutsa, ndi kugulitsa ziphaso zobiriwira zapadziko lonse 140000 pagulu loyamba la masiteshoni 6 amagetsi. Pakalipano, pakati pa ziphaso zobiriwira zapadziko lonse lapansi monga mphamvu ya mphepo, photovoltaics, ndi hydropower, hydropower ndi pulojekiti yomwe ili ndi voliyumu yotulutsidwa kwambiri, yomwe magetsi ang'onoang'ono amawerengera pafupifupi 23%. Zikalata zobiriwira, magetsi obiriwira, ndi malonda a kaboni zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito zatsopano zamagetsi, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga msika ndi njira yayitali yopangira mphamvu zobiriwira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito.
Pomaliza, ziyenera kutsindika kuti chitukuko chobiriwira chamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi ku China chingathandizenso kukonzanso kumidzi. Chaka chino, China ikugwiritsa ntchito "Wind Power Action for Thousands of Villages and Towns" ndi "Photovoltaic Action for Thousands of Households and Households", kulimbikitsa mosalekeza chitukuko cha oyendetsa photovoltaics padenga logawidwa m'chigawo chonsecho, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera m'madera akumidzi, ndikugwira ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito yoyendetsa magetsi kumidzi. Small hydropower ndi gwero la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso zokhala ndi mphamvu zapadera zosungiramo mphamvu ndi ntchito zowongolera, komanso ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe ndi chosavuta kukwaniritsa kutembenuka kwamtengo kumadera amapiri. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kusintha kwaukhondo ndi mpweya wochepa wa mphamvu zakumidzi ndikuthandizira kulimbikitsa chitukuko.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-04-2024
