Ziyembekezo za Ukadaulo Wopanga Mphamvu Zamagetsi ndi Madzi ndi Momwe Zilili Pakadali Pano ku China

Mfundo yaikulu yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mutu wa madzi m'madzi kuti apange mphamvu, kutanthauza kuti, kusintha mphamvu ya madzi yomwe imasungidwa m'mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi m'madzi ena kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kupanga mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi mutu. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amadutsa pamalo enaake pa nthawi, pomwe mutu wa madzi umatanthauza kusiyana kwa kutalika, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti dontho, la madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu.
Mphamvu ya madzi ndi gwero la mphamvu yongowonjezwdwa. Kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka madzi achilengedwe, komwe madzi amayenda kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pa Dziko Lapansi ndikutulutsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chakuti kayendedwe ka madzi nthawi zambiri kamadalira kayendedwe ka pachaka, ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa zaka zonyowa, zaka zabwinobwino, ndi zaka zouma, makhalidwe ozungulira a kayendedwe ka madzi sasintha. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya mafunde, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndi ya mphamvu yongowonjezwdwa.
Mphamvu ya madzi ndi gwero la mphamvu yoyera. Mphamvu ya madzi ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe imasungidwa mwachilengedwe m'madzi, yomwe simasintha mankhwala, siigwiritsa ntchito mafuta, siitulutsa zinthu zovulaza, ndipo siipitsa chilengedwe panthawi yopanga ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ndi gwero la mphamvu yoyera.
Mayunitsi opanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, chifukwa cha kutsegula ndi kutseka kwawo kosavuta komanso kosinthasintha, komanso kusintha mwachangu mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsa, ndi magwero abwino kwambiri opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi peak, frequency regulation, komanso magwero amagetsi osungira magetsi mwachangu. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, kukonza mphamvu, komanso kupewa ngozi kuti zisakule. Ndi gwero lamphamvu lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya kutentha, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi magwero ena.
Kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu yamadzi yachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuwunika bwino chilengedwe, luso laukadaulo, zinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito musanamange nyumba zama hydraulic monga madamu, mapaipi osinthira, kapena ma culvert m'malo oyenera a mtsinje kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino madzi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi. Chifukwa chake, gawo loyambirira la polojekitiyi nthawi zambiri limakhala lovuta, limafuna ndalama zambiri, ndipo limakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yomanga, koma mphamvu zopangira magetsi zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri akamalizidwa.

Pamene tikupanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri timaganizira za kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi a m'mitsinje, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kusefukira kwa madzi, kuthirira, kupereka madzi, zombo, zokopa alendo, usodzi, kudula mitengo, ndi ubwino wa ulimi wa nsomba.
Kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kumakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi m'mitsinje, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakupanga magetsi pakati pa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi nyengo youma. Chifukwa chake, kumanga malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kumafuna kumanga malo akuluakulu osungira madzi, omwe sangangokweza madzi okha, komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi pachaka (kapena nyengo, kwa zaka zambiri), ndikuthetsa moyenera vuto la kupanga magetsi mosagwirizana nthawi yamvula ndi youma.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku madzi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwachuma cha China komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za m'ma 1900, ukadaulo wamagetsi ochokera ku madzi ku China wakhala patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi, monga Damu la Three Gorges, lomwe limadziwika kuti "chuma cha dziko". Mapulojekiti ena amphamvu kwambiri opangidwa ndi madzi, monga Xiluodu, Baihetan, Wudongde, Xiangjiaba, Longtan, Jinping II, ndi Laxiwa, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi.