Chiyembekezo cha Ukadaulo Wamagetsi a Hydroelectric Power Generation ndi Mkhalidwe Wapano wa Hydroelectric Power Generation ku China

Mfundo yayikulu yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mutu wamadzi m'madzi kuti apange kutembenuka kwamphamvu, ndiko kuti, kutembenuza mphamvu yamadzi yosungidwa mumitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi matupi ena amadzi kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kupanga magetsi ndizothamanga komanso mutu. Kuthamanga kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amadutsa malo enaake pa nthawi imodzi, pamene mutu wa madzi umatanthawuza kusiyana kwa kukwera, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti dontho, la madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi.
Madzi mphamvu ndi gwero mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Kupanga magetsi a hydroelectric ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachilengedwe ya hydrological cycle, komwe madzi amayenda kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumunsi padziko lapansi ndikutulutsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chakuti hydrological mkombero nthawi zambiri zochokera mkombero wapachaka, ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa zaka chonyowa, zaka wamba, ndi zaka youma, cyclical makhalidwe a mkombero amakhalabe osasintha. Choncho, ili ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya mafunde, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndi ya mphamvu zowonjezera.
Mphamvu yamadzi imakhalanso gwero lamphamvu laukhondo. Mphamvu yamadzi ndi mphamvu yakuthupi yomwe imasungidwa mwachilengedwe m'madzi, omwe sasintha kusintha kwamankhwala, samadya mafuta, satulutsa zinthu zovulaza, komanso samaipitsa chilengedwe panthawi yachitukuko ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Choncho, ndi woyera mphamvu gwero.
Magawo opangira magetsi a hydroelectric, chifukwa cha kutseguka ndi kutseka kwawo kosavuta komanso kosavuta, komanso kusintha mwachangu kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yometa, kuwongolera pafupipafupi, komanso magwero amagetsi osungira mwadzidzidzi pamagetsi. Amagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, kuwongolera mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikuletsa ngozi kuti isakule. Ndiwo gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu kuposa mphamvu yamafuta, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic, ndi magwero ena.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu yamadzi yamadzi, m'pofunika kuunika mozama chilengedwe, luso laukadaulo, zochitika zachuma ndi kasamalidwe ka ntchito musanapange madamu, mapaipi ophatikizira, kapena ma culverts m'malo oyenera a mtsinjewo kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kukulitsa mutu wamadzi. Choncho, chiyambi cha polojekiti nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovuta, chimafuna ndalama zambiri, ndipo chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yomanga, koma mphamvu yopangira magetsi imakhala yochuluka ikatha.

Pamene tikupanga magetsi amadzi, nthawi zambiri timaganizira za kagwiritsidwe ntchito kokwanira ka madzi a m’mitsinje, kuphatikizapo kuletsa kusefukira kwa madzi, kuthirira, madzi, kutumiza, zokopa alendo, kusodza, kudula mitengo, ndi maubwino a ulimi wa m’madzi.
Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi kumakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mitsinje, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakupanga mphamvu pakati pa nyengo za kusefukira ndi kouma. Choncho, ntchito yomanga malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi opangira magetsi kumafuna kumanga malo osungiramo madzi akuluakulu, omwe sangathe kukweza mutu wa madzi okha, komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi pachaka (kapena nyengo, kwa zaka zambiri), ndikuthetsa moyenerera vuto la kusagwirizana kwa magetsi panthawi yamvula ndi nyengo yamvula.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuthandizira chitukuko chapamwamba chachuma cha China komanso anthu. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana lino, luso lamagetsi lamagetsi la China lakhala likutsogola padziko lonse lapansi, monga Damu la Three Gorges, lomwe limadziwika kuti "chuma cha dziko". Ma projekiti ena apamwamba kwambiri opangira mphamvu yamadzi, monga Xiluodu, Baihetan, Wudongde, Xiangjiaba, Longtan, Jinping II, ndi Laxiwa, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi.