Makampani opanga magetsi ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe likugwirizana ndi chuma cha dziko komanso moyo wa anthu, ndipo likugwirizana ndi chitukuko chonse cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ndilo maziko a zomangamanga za Socialist modernization. Makampani opanga magetsi ndi makampani otsogola pantchito zamafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. Pokhapokha pomanga koyamba malo opangira magetsi, malo ocheperako, ndi kuyimitsa zingwe zotumizira magetsi kungathe kuperekedwa mphamvu zokwanira zamakinetiki m'mafakitale a pulayimale, sekondale, ndi maphunziro apamwamba, ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha chuma cha dziko ndi anthu. Ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi ku China, kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi tsiku lililonse zikuchulukirachulukira. Makampani opanga magetsi akuyenera kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakukweza chuma cha dziko komanso kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu. Ntchito zomanga mphamvu zamagetsi zimafunikira nthawi yayitali yomanga kuchokera ku kafukufuku, kukonzekera, kupanga, zomangamanga mpaka kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti makampani opanga magetsi amayenera kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono pasadakhale komanso kukhala ndi kukula komwe kuli koyenera kuti pakhale chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko. Zomwe zachitika m'mbiri ndi maphunziro omwe taphunzira pakukula kwamakampani opanga magetsi ku New China zatsimikizira kuti kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ndi chitukuko cha sayansi komanso thanzi lamakampani opanga mphamvu ndi zitsimikizo zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwachuma chadziko.
Kukonzekera kogwirizana
Makampani opanga mphamvu ayenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko yachitukuko ya zaka zisanu, zaka khumi, khumi ndi zisanu kapena zambiri kuti atsogolere bwino chitukuko ndi kumanga magwero a magetsi ndi ma gridi amagetsi, kugwirizanitsa mgwirizano pakati pa makampani amagetsi ndi chuma cha dziko, ndi kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pa makampani opanga magetsi ndi mafakitale opanga zida zamagetsi. Kupanga uinjiniya wamagetsi kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, kumafuna ndalama zambiri, ndipo kumaphatikizapo zolinga zingapo. Sizoyenera kupanga ndi kumanga pang'onopang'ono. Kusankhidwa koyenera ndi masanjidwe a malo opangira magetsi, kapangidwe koyenera ka gridi yam'mbuyo, ndi kusankha koyenera kwa ma voltages ndizomwe zimafunikira kuti makampani opanga magetsi apindule bwino kwambiri pazachuma. Zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zokonzekera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotayika zanthawi yayitali zosasinthika.
Kukonzekera kwa magetsi kumayenera kuganizira kaye kagawidwe ka mphamvu zoyambira monga malasha ndi madzi, komanso zopinga za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Malo oyenera chomera, masanjidwe, sikelo ndi mphamvu mayunitsi a ntchito magetsi monga malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera magetsi, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya, minda yamphepo ndi malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ayenera kuganiziridwa, komanso ma gridi am'mbuyo ndi ma network ogawa am'madera omwe amamangidwa ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi ndi mizere yolumikizirana ndi ma grids oyandikana, ndi gridi yamagetsi iyeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotsutsa kusokoneza, kusungitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, kusungitsa mphamvu ndi kusungitsa magetsi. kudalirika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi ali abwino. Kaya munyengo yachuma chokonzekera kapena chuma chamsika wa socialist, dongosolo lamphamvu lokwanira, lokwanira komanso logwirizana likufunika kuti litsogolere ndikuwongolera chitukuko chabwino chamakampani amagetsi.
Chitetezo choyamba
Chitetezo choyamba ndi mfundo yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa muzochita zosiyanasiyana zopanga. Makampani opanga magetsi amakhala ndi kupanga kosalekeza, kusanja nthawi yomweyo, zoyambira komanso mwadongosolo. Magetsi ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimapangidwa mosalekeza. Ponseponse, kupanga, kutumiza, kugulitsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumamalizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Magetsi nthawi zambiri sakhala osavuta kusunga, ndipo malo osungiramo mphamvu omwe alipo ndi oyenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwamagetsi mu gridi yamagetsi ndikukhala ngati zosunga zobwezeretsera mwadzidzidzi. Makampani amakono nthawi zambiri amapanga mosalekeza ndipo sangathe kusokonezedwa. Makampani opanga magetsi ayenera kupereka magetsi okwanira mosalekeza malinga ndi zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana. Ngozi yaying'ono iliyonse yamagetsi imatha kukhala kuyimitsidwa kwakukulu kwamagetsi, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pazachuma komanso miyoyo ya anthu. Ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo champhamvu sizingochepetsa kupanga magetsi kapena kuwononga zida zamagetsi ndi mabizinesi amagetsi, komanso kuwopseza chitetezo cha miyoyo ya anthu ndi katundu, kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa dongosolo lamagetsi, kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma kwa anthu onse, ndipo mwinanso kutayika kosasinthika. Makhalidwewa amatsimikizira kuti makampani opanga magetsi ayenera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya chitetezo choyamba, kukhazikitsa dongosolo lamphamvu lotetezeka komanso lachuma, ndikupereka mphamvu zodalirika komanso zapamwamba kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zomwe China idapereka
China ili ndi chuma chambiri cha malasha, ndipo magetsi oyaka ndi malasha nthawi zonse akhala akuyambitsa makampani opanga magetsi. Kutentha kwamagetsi opangira magetsi kuli ndi ubwino wafupipafupi yomangamanga ndi mtengo wotsika, zomwe zingathe kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenera kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha dziko ndi ndalama zochepa.
Kutengera momwe dziko likuyendera kuti tikwaniritse cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri", tiyenera kufufuza mwachangu ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waukhondo wamagetsi a malasha, kuyesetsa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, kumanga dongosolo lamphamvu la malasha laukhondo komanso lothandiza, kulimbikitsa kuphatikiza kokometsedwa kwa malasha ndi mphamvu zatsopano, kuwonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, ndikumaliza pang'onopang'ono kusintha kobiriwira. China ili ndi nkhokwe zambiri za hydropower, ndipo hydropower ili ndi zabwino zambiri. Ndi gwero la mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezedwanso, ndipo ikangomangidwa, idzapindula kwa zaka zana. Koma zambiri za China zochulukira zopangira magetsi opangira madzi zimakhazikika kuchigawo chakumwera chakumadzulo; Malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi amadzi amafunikira ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yomanga, zomwe zimafuna kutumizirana mtunda wautali; Chifukwa cha chikoka cha nyengo youma ndi yamvula, komanso zaka zowuma ndi zamvula, zimakhala zovuta kulinganiza kupanga magetsi m'miyezi, kotala, ndi zaka. Tiyenera kuganizira mozama za chitukuko cha mphamvu ya hydropower pa dziko lonse lapansi.
Mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi gwero lamphamvu loyera lomwe lingalowe m'malo mwamafuta ambiri. Mayiko ena otukuka padziko lonse lapansi amaona kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya kukhala mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mphamvu. Mphamvu za nyukiliya ndizokhwima mwaukadaulo komanso zotetezeka pakupangidwa. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya nyukiliya imakhala yokwera mtengo, mtengo wopangira magetsi nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi. China ili ndi zida zonse za nyukiliya komanso mphamvu zoyambira komanso zaukadaulo zamakampani anyukiliya. Kukula kwamphamvu, kotetezeka komanso mwadongosolo kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yokwaniritsira cholinga cha kukwera kwa kaboni komanso kusalowerera ndale. Mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezwwdwanso, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yokonzanso mphamvu, kuonetsetsa chitetezo champhamvu, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chilengedwe, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri". Kulowa m'nthawi yatsopano, mphamvu ya mphepo ya China ndi mphamvu yoyika photovoltaic yakula mofulumira, kufika pa kilowatts 328 miliyoni ndi kilowatts 306 miliyoni motsatira kumapeto kwa 2021. Komabe, minda yamphepo ndi malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic amakhala m'dera lalikulu ndipo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo ndi nyengo. Magetsi omwe amapangidwa amakhala ndi zinthu monga kusakhazikika, kusinthasintha, kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono, khalidwe losakhazikika, ndi magetsi osalamulirika. Ndi bwino kugwirizana ndi magwero ochiritsira magetsi.
National networking ndi ndondomeko yogwirizana
Makhalidwe a magetsi amatsimikizira kuti magetsi opangira magetsi, kutumiza ndi kusintha, ndi magawo opangira magetsi ayenera kulumikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a gridi yamagetsi kuti apange ndikupeza phindu lalikulu lachuma. Pali kale magulu ambiri amagetsi ophatikizana opangidwa ndi mayiko angapo omwe amawoloka malire a dziko lapansi, ndipo China iyeneranso kutsata njira yolumikizirana ndi mayiko ndikupanga dongosolo logwirizana lamagetsi. Kutsatira ma netiweki amtundu wapadziko lonse komanso mapaipi apakati komanso ogwirizana ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti msika wamagetsi ukuyenda bwino, mwachangu komanso mwaumoyo. Malasha aku China amakhazikika kumadzulo ndi kumpoto, ndipo mphamvu zake zopangira mphamvu zamadzi zimakhazikika kumwera chakumadzulo, pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala kumadera akum'mwera chakum'mawa. Kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwa mphamvu zoyambirira ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kumatsimikizira kuti China idzagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya "kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa, kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera". Gululi lalikulu lamagetsi likhoza kulinganizidwa mofanana ndi kukonzedwa moyenera kuti apewe mkhalidwe wa "zazikulu ndi zomveka" ndi "zochepa ndi zomveka" zomangamanga; Kuthekera kwakukulu ndi mayunitsi apamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe ali ndi ubwino wa ndalama zotsika, zowonongeka, ndi nthawi yochepa yomanga. Dongosolo la Socialist lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe aku China limatsimikiza kuti gululi lamagetsi liyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi boma.
Kuti tipewe ngozi zapanyumba zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi zazikulu, kuphulika kwakukulu kwa magetsi, komanso ngakhale kugwa kwa gridi yamagetsi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira bwino kutumiza kwa gridi yamagetsi, kuti apititse patsogolo phindu lazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha gridi yaikulu yamagetsi komanso ngakhale dongosolo lonse la mphamvu. Kuti mukwaniritse kutumiza kogwirizana, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kampani yomwe imayang'anira ndikutumiza gridi yamagetsi molumikizana. Mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi makampani ogwirizana amagetsi kapena makampani opanga magetsi. Kukwaniritsa dongosolo logwirizana kumadalira machitidwe azamalamulo, njira zachuma, ndi njira zoyendetsera zofunikira. Malamulo otumizira, monga malamulo a asilikali, ayenera kukhala pansi pa mlingo woyamba, ndipo zigawozo ziyenera kukhala pansi pa zonse, ndipo sizingatsatidwe mwakhungu. Kukonzekera kuyenera kukhala koyenera, kolungama, ndi kotseguka, ndipo kapendedwe ka ndondomeko kuyenera kuchitidwa mofanana. Kutumiza kwa gridi yamagetsi kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti gululi lamagetsi likuyenda bwino komanso lokhazikika, ndikutsindika mfundo zachuma. Kukwaniritsa kutumiza kwachuma ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera bwino zachuma pantchito yamagetsi.
Kafukufuku, kapangidwe, ndi kupanga zida ndiye maziko
Ntchito yofufuza ndi kupanga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika kuyambira pakukonzekera ndi kufotokozera ntchito yomanga magetsi mpaka kuyamba kumanga. Zimaphatikizapo maulalo angapo, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ntchito yayikulu, komanso kuzungulira kwautali. Kufufuza ndi kukonza nthawi ya ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti akuluakulu amagetsi ndi yaitali kuposa nthawi yeniyeni yomanga, monga Project Three Gorges. Ntchito yofufuza ndi kupanga imakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu komanso zowonjezereka pazochitika zonse za zomangamanga. Kuchita izi mosamala komanso mosamala kumatha kudziwa ma projekiti omanga mphamvu potengera kufufuza mozama, kafukufuku, ndi kusanthula mosamalitsa ndi kukangana, potero kukwaniritsa zolinga zomanga zaukadaulo wapamwamba, chuma chokwanira, komanso zotulukapo zazikulu zachuma.
Zida zamagetsi ndiye maziko a chitukuko cha mafakitale amagetsi, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamagetsi kumadalira kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga zida zamagetsi. Motsogozedwa ndi chipani cha Communist cha China, makampani opanga zida zamagetsi ku New China adakula kuchokera ku zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu, kuchokera ku zofooka mpaka zamphamvu, komanso kuchokera m'mbuyo kupita patsogolo, kupanga makina opanga mafakitale okhala ndi magulu athunthu, sikelo yayikulu, komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Imagwira mwamphamvu zida zofunika za dziko lalikulu m'manja mwake, ndikuthandizira chitukuko chapamwamba cha mafakitale amagetsi ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga zida zamagetsi.
Kudalira luso lamakono
Kupanga zatsopano ndiye gwero lalikulu lachitukuko chachuma cha China, ndipo luso lili pachimake pakumanga kwamakono ku China. Makampani opanga magetsi ayeneranso kutsogolera chitukuko ndi zatsopano. Ndi chifukwa cha luso lamakono kuti chitukuko cha makampani opanga mphamvu chimathandizidwa. Kuti tikwaniritse chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani opanga mphamvu, ndikofunikira kutenga mabizinesi ngati gulu lalikulu lazatsopano, kutsatira njira yaukadaulo yomwe imaphatikiza mafakitale, maphunziro, ndi kafukufuku, kulimbikitsa kudzidalira paukadaulo wapamwamba komanso kudzidalira, kuyesetsa kudziwa bwino umisiri wofunikira kwambiri, kukulitsa luso lodziyimira pawokha, luso lopanga ndi chitukuko, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kupanga, kukulitsa luso lazopangapanga. kupikisana kwa unyolo wonse wamakampani opanga mphamvu, ndikudalira luso lopanga mtundu watsopano wamagetsi. Kuyambira pakuyambitsa, kugaya, ndi kuyamwa kwaukadaulo wapamwamba wakunja, ukadaulo wamagetsi wa New China wayamba njira yopita patsogolo yomwe imadalira maluso ake kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha komanso zatsopano. Yathetsa vuto limodzi la "bottleneck" pambuyo pa linzake ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu chaukadaulo pakukula kwamakampani opanga magetsi. Kulowa m'nthawi yatsopano, pofuna kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa China kukhala malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, ogwira ntchito zamaukadaulo amagetsi akuyenera kuyesetsa kupanga ndi kuwongolera matekinoloje ofunikira, kuwongolera luso lawo lodziyimira pawokha komanso kupikisana kwakukulu, ndikuyesetsa kulanda ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Gwirizanitsani zinthu ndi chilengedwe
Makampani opanga mphamvu ayenera kukwaniritsa chitukuko chathanzi komanso chokhazikika, chomwe chimalephereka ndi zachilengedwe komanso chilengedwe ndipo sichingapitirire mphamvu zawo. Ndikofunikira kukulitsa bizinesi yamagetsi pansi pamikhalidwe yachitukuko choyenera chazinthu zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi m'njira zoyera, zobiriwira, komanso zotsika mpweya. Chitetezo cha chilengedwe chamakampani amagetsi chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri, kufulumizitsa kupititsa patsogolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba oteteza chilengedwe, kukwaniritsa chitukuko chobiriwira, ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga cha carbon peak carbon. Zinthu zokwiriridwa pansi zakale sizitha. Kukula kwa mphamvu zotentha kumafuna kutukuka koyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malasha, mafuta, gasi, ndi zina zambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira "madzi otayira, mpweya wotayira, ndi zotsalira za zinyalala" kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokweza bwino chuma komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndi mphamvu yoyera komanso yongowonjezedwanso, koma imathanso kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina pazachilengedwe. Pambuyo pakupanga dziwe, imatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa ngalande zachilengedwe za mitsinje, kulepheretsa kuyenda chifukwa cha kuyika kwa dothi mumitsinje, ndikuyambitsa masoka achilengedwe. Zonsezi zikuyenera kuthetsedwa popanga zida zopangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi, kuti tisamangopanga zida zamagetsi komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Dongosolo la mphamvu ndi lonse
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yonse, yokhala ndi maulalo olumikizana kwambiri monga kupanga magetsi, kutumiza, kusinthika, kugawa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kukhala ndi maukonde, chitetezo, komanso kusanja nthawi yomweyo. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana dongosolo lamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, poganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga liwiro lachitukuko, kugwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito, kupanga chitetezo, zomangamanga zoyambira magetsi ndi gridi yamagetsi, kafukufuku ndi kapangidwe, kupanga zida, chilengedwe, ukadaulo, etc., kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chokhazikika, chokhazikika komanso chogwirizana chamakampani opanga magetsi. Kuti apange mphamvu yogwira ntchito bwino, yotetezeka, yosinthika komanso yotseguka ndikukwaniritsa kugawa bwino kwazinthu m'dziko lonselo, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lamagetsi likuyenda bwino komanso lokhazikika, ziwopsezo zowongolera chitetezo, kusunga malamulo osinthika komanso abwino, ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwamagetsi ndi mtundu wamagetsi.
Mu dongosolo lamagetsi, gululi lamagetsi limagwirizanitsa magetsi, malo osungirako mphamvu, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Kumanga dongosolo lamphamvu lamphamvu, ndikofunikira kupanga gululi lamagetsi ndi dongosolo lolimba, chitetezo ndi kudalirika, luso lamakono, luso lazachuma, ndondomeko yololera, kusinthasintha kwadongosolo, chitukuko chogwirizana, ndi kuteteza chilengedwe choyera, kuti akwaniritse "West East Power Transmission, North South Power Transmission, ndi National Networking". Kuti mukwaniritse cholinga ichi, ndikofunikira kuwongolera bwino ubale wapakati pamakampani opanga mphamvu. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwongolera bwino ubale pakati pa ntchito yopanga ndi zomangamanga zoyambira, kusamalira bwino ubale wapakati pa mphamvu ya hydropower ndi mphamvu zotentha, kusamalira bwino ubale wapakati pakati pa magwero amagetsi am'deralo ndi magwero amagetsi akunja, kusamalira bwino ubale wapakati pa mphepo, kuwala, nyukiliya, ndi ntchito zamagetsi ochiritsira, ndikuwongolera moyenera ubale wapakati pakupanga magetsi, kutumiza ndi kusintha, kugawa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Pokhapokha pogwira bwino maubwenzi amenewa tingathe kukwaniritsa chitukuko choyenera cha kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu, kupeŵa kusowa kwa magetsi m'madera osiyanasiyana, ndikupereka chithandizo chotetezeka komanso champhamvu cha chitukuko cha dziko ndi chitukuko cha anthu.
Kumvetsetsa ndi kufufuza malamulo a chitukuko cha makampani opanga magetsi ku China cholinga chake ndi kufulumizitsa, kuwongolera, ndi kuwongolera njira yachitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani opanga magetsi ku China. Kulemekeza malamulo zolinga ndi kupanga makampani mphamvu monga mwa iwo akhoza kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu, kuthetsa zotsutsana kwambiri ndi mavuto kwambiri amene amalepheretsa chitukuko cha sayansi makampani mphamvu, imathandizira kumanga dongosolo ogwirizana dziko msika mphamvu, kukwaniritsa kugawana kwambiri ndi kukhathamiritsa mphamvu mphamvu, kupititsa patsogolo bata ndi kusinthasintha malamulo otsika mphamvu ya dongosolo mphamvu, kusinthasintha, kusinthasintha, woyera mphamvu dongosolo, kusinthasintha, kusinthasintha, woyera mphamvu, mpweya wokhazikika, mpweya wabwino, mpweya wabwino, ndi mphamvu. Kumanga maziko olimba amtundu watsopano wanzeru, wochezeka, wotseguka komanso wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-29-2023
