Monga makampani oyambira chuma cha dziko, makampani opanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi akugwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko komanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale. Pakadali pano, makampani opanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ku China akugwira ntchito mosalekeza, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zayikidwa m'madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zogulira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, komanso kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo za dziko lonse za "kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi", kusintha mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi kwakhala chisankho chothandiza cha China, ndipo kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kwakhala chisankho choyamba cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi sayansi ndi ukadaulo womwe umaphunzira nkhani zaukadaulo ndi zachuma monga zomangamanga ndi kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kukhala magetsi. Mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi makamaka ndi mphamvu yomwe imasungidwa m'madzi. Kuti magetsi asinthidwe kukhala magetsi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi iyenera kumangidwa.
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kumaphatikizapo kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, kenako kugwira ntchito kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Makampani opanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi apakati adzalumikiza magetsi ndi makampani opanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi kuti apeze mwayi wopeza magetsi pa intaneti. Kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera koyambirira kwa uinjiniya, kugula zida zosiyanasiyana za malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi komanso kumanga komaliza. Kapangidwe ka mafakitale pakati ndi pansi ndi kosavuta komanso kokhazikika.
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa kukula kwa chuma cha China, kusintha kwa mbali yopereka magetsi ndi kukonzanso chuma, kusunga mphamvu, kuchepetsa utsi woipa, ndi kukula kwa zachilengedwe kwakhala chinthu chomwe chikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha zachuma. Makampani opanga magetsi ochokera m'madzi amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi maboma pamlingo uliwonse ndipo amathandizidwa ndi mfundo zamakampani zadziko. Boma lapereka mfundo zingapo motsatizana kuti lithandizire chitukuko cha makampani opanga magetsi ochokera m'madzi. Ndondomeko zamakampani monga Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yothetsera Vuto la Kutaya Madzi, Kutaya Mphepo ndi Kutaya Kuwala, Chidziwitso Chokhazikitsa ndi Kukonza Njira Yachitetezo Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Yobwezerezedwanso, ndi Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito ya Unduna wa Zamadzi mu 2021 zimapereka mwayi waukulu pamsika wamakampani opanga magetsi ochokera m'madzi komanso malo abwino opangira ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mabizinesi.
Kusanthula mozama kwa mafakitale amagetsi amadzi
Kafukufuku wamakampani akuwonetsa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yoyikidwa ku China yawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, kuchoka pa ma kilowatts 333 miliyoni mu 2016 kufika pa ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni mu 2020, ndi kukula kwa pachaka kwa 2.7%. Malinga ndi deta yaposachedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yoyikidwa ku China idzafika ma kilowatts 391 miliyoni mu 2021 (kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 36 miliyoni osungira madzi), kuwonjezeka kwa 5.6% pachaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chiwerengero cha mabizinesi okhudzana ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe adalembetsedwa ku China chawonjezeka mofulumira, kuyambira mu 198000 mu 2016 kufika pa 539000 mu 2019, ndi kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa 39.6%. Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi komwe kudalembetsedwa kudachepa komanso kudatsika. Deta yaposachedwa ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, mabizinesi okhudzana ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China adalembetsa okwana 483000, omwe adatsika ndi 7.3% pachaka.
Kuchokera pa kugawa mphamvu yoyikidwa, pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha China chopanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ndi Sichuan Province, chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa ya ma kilowatts 88.87 miliyoni, kutsatiridwa ndi Yunnan Province, chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa ya ma kilowatts 78.2 miliyoni; Chigawo chachiwiri mpaka chakhumi ndi Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang ndi Qinghai, chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa kuyambira ma kilowatts 10 mpaka 40 miliyoni.
Ponena za kupanga magetsi, Sichuan idzakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi mu 2021, yokhala ndi 353.14 biliyoni kWh yamagetsi opangira madzi, yomwe ndi 26.37%; Kachiwiri, kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ku Yunnan ndi 271.63 biliyoni kWh, yomwe ndi 20.29%; Kachitatu, kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ku Hubei ndi 153.15 biliyoni kWh, yomwe ndi 11.44%.
Malinga ndi mphamvu zomwe makampani opanga magetsi amadzi aku China ali nazo, Changjiang Electric Power ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri yokhazikitsa magetsi amadzi. Mu 2021, mphamvu zomwe Changjiang Electric Power imagwiritsa ntchito zidzaposa 11% ya dzikolo, ndipo mphamvu zonse zomwe zayikidwa zamagetsi amadzi pansi pa magulu asanu opanga magetsi zidzaposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dzikolo; Malinga ndi mphamvu zopangira magetsi amadzi, mu 2021, mphamvu zopangira magetsi a Mtsinje wa Yangtze zidzaposa 15%, ndipo mphamvu zopangira magetsi amadzi a magulu asanu opanga magetsi zidzaposa 20% ya dzikolo. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa msika, magulu asanu onse opanga magetsi amadzi aku China ndi Yangtze Power ali pafupi theka la gawo la msika; Mphamvu zopangira magetsi amadzi zimapanga zoposa 30% ya chiwerengero chonse cha dzikolo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafakitale ndi kwakukulu.
Malinga ndi lipoti lozama la kusanthula ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale amagetsi aku China mu 2022-2027 lochokera ku China Research Institute of Industry.
Makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China akulamulidwa ndi boma lokha. Kuwonjezera pa magulu asanu akuluakulu opanga magetsi, bizinesi yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China ilinso ndi mabizinesi ambiri abwino kwambiri opanga magetsi. Mabizinesi omwe ali kunja kwa magulu asanu akuluakulu akuimiridwa ndi Yangtze Power, yomwe ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yokhazikitsa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yokhazikitsa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, mpikisano wamakampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, ndi magulu asanu akuluakulu ndi Yangtze Power m'gawo loyamba.
Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha mafakitale amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi
Pankhani ya kutentha kwa dziko lapansi komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu zakale, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kwakopa chidwi cha anthu apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chitukuko champhamvu cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa chakhala mgwirizano wa mayiko onse padziko lonse lapansi. Mphamvu yamadzi ndi mphamvu yoyera komanso yongowonjezwdwa yokhala ndi ukadaulo wokhwima ndipo imatha kupangidwa pamlingo waukulu. Malo osungira mphamvu yamadzi ku China ali pamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga mphamvu yamadzi mwachangu sikuti ndi njira yofunika yochepetsera mpweya woipa wowononga chilengedwe, komanso njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo, kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi woipa, komanso kukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika.
Pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo ya ogwira ntchito zamagetsi a m'madzi akulimbana kosalekeza, kusintha ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano, komanso kuchita zinthu molimba mtima, makampani opanga magetsi a m'madzi ku China afika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka akulu, kuchoka pa ofooka kupita pa amphamvu, komanso kuchoka pa kutsatira kupita pa kuyendetsa ndi kutsogolera. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, mayunitsi amagetsi a m'madzi ku China ndi ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito asayansi ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi a m'madzi, omwe amadalira luntha lochita kupanga, deta yayikulu ndi ukadaulo wina wamakono, atsimikizira bwino kuti zomangamanga ndi chitetezo cha madamu ndi zabwino.
Mu nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu, China yafotokoza momveka bwino nthawi yomaliza yokwaniritsira zolinga za kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa komanso kusalowerera kwa mpweya woipa, zomwe zimapangitsa mitundu yambiri ya mphamvu kumva mwayi ndi kukakamizidwa kubwera nthawi imodzi. Monga woyimira mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi zipitiliza kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi pankhani ya nyengo yapadziko lonse ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu, komanso kufunikira kwa chitukuko chokhazikika cha kukonza kapangidwe ka mphamvu.
Mtsogolomu, China iyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa ukadaulo wofunikira monga kumanga mwanzeru, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru ndi zida zanzeru zamagetsi amadzi, kulimbikitsa mwachangu kukweza mafakitale opanga magetsi amadzi, kulimbitsa ndikuwongolera mphamvu zoyera, kukulitsa chitukuko cha magetsi amadzi ndi mphamvu zatsopano, ndikupititsa patsogolo nthawi zonse kapangidwe kabwino ndi kasamalidwe ka malo opangira magetsi amadzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-12-2023
