Monga mizati yofunika kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko, makampani opanga mphamvu zamadzi amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko komanso kusintha kwa mafakitale. Pakalipano, makampani opanga magetsi ku China akugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ponseponse, ndikuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zoyikapo mphamvu ya hydropower, kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi opangira madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi magetsi. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya dziko "yosungirako mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya," kulowetsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wamagetsi kwakhala chisankho chothandiza cha China, ndipo kupanga magetsi amadzi ndi chisankho choyamba cha mphamvu zowonjezera.
Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi ndi sayansi ndiukadaulo yomwe imaphunzira zaukadaulo ndi zachuma monga zomangamanga ndi kupanga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kakusintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala magetsi. Mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi hydropower ndi mphamvu yomwe imatha kusungidwa m'madzi. Kuti asinthe mphamvu yamadzi kukhala magetsi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo opangira magetsi amayenera kumangidwa.
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa kupanga magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi kumaphatikizanso kumanga malo opangira magetsi amadzi, kenako ndikugwira ntchito yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Makampani opanga magetsi apakati pamadzi adzalumikiza mphamvu kumakampani opanga magetsi otsika kuti athe kupeza intaneti. Kumangidwa kwa siteshoni yopangira mphamvu ya madzi kumaphatikizapo mapulani oyambilira a uinjiniya, kugula zida zosiyanasiyana za siteshoni yopangira mphamvu ya madzi komanso kumanga komaliza. Mapangidwe a mafakitale apakati ndi otsika ndi osavuta komanso okhazikika.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kukula kwachuma ku China, kusintha kwa magawo ndi kukonzanso kwachuma, kusunga mphamvu, kuchepetsa utsi ndi kukula kobiriwira kwakhala mgwirizano wa chitukuko cha zachuma. Makampani opanga mphamvu zamadzi amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi maboma m'magulu onse ndipo amathandizidwa ndi mfundo zamakampani adziko. Boma lapereka motsatira ndondomeko zingapo zothandizira chitukuko cha mafakitale opangira mphamvu yamadzi. Ndondomeko zamafakitale monga Implementation Plan for Kuthetsa Vuto la Kutayidwa kwa Madzi, Kusiyidwa kwa Mphepo ndi Kusiya Kuwala, Chidziwitso pa Kukhazikitsa ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Njira Zachitetezo Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi Zotsitsimutsa, ndi Implementation Plan for Public Administration Work ya Unduna wa Zamadzi mu 2021 ikupereka msika wabwino wa hydro mabizinesi.
Kusanthula mozama kwamakampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi
Kafukufuku wamabizinesi akuwonetsa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu yaku China yopangira magetsi amadzi yakula chaka ndi chaka, kuchoka pa ma kilowati 333 miliyoni mu 2016 mpaka ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni mu 2020, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 2.7%. Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa, mphamvu yoyika mphamvu yamagetsi ku China idzafika ma kilowatts 391 miliyoni mu 2021 (kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 36 miliyoni a posungira), kuwonjezeka kwa 5.6% chaka ndi chaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi olembetsedwa ku China kwakula kwambiri, kuchokera ku 198000 mu 2016 mpaka 539000 mu 2019, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 39.6%. Mu 2020, kukula kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi mphamvu yamadzi omwe adalembetsedwa kudatsika ndikutsika. Zomwe zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, mabizinesi aku China okhudzana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi adalembetsa 483000, kutsika ndi 7.3% chaka chilichonse.
Kuchokera pakugawa mphamvu zoyikapo, pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha China chopangira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi Chigawo cha Sichuan, chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyika ma kilowati 88.87 miliyoni, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chigawo cha Yunnan, chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyika ma kilowatts 78.2 miliyoni; Zigawo zachiwiri mpaka khumi ndi Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang ndi Qinghai, zokhala ndi mphamvu zoyambira pa 10 mpaka 40 miliyoni.
Pankhani yopangira magetsi, Sichuan idzakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yopangira mphamvu yamadzi mu 2021, ndi 353.14 biliyoni ya kWh yopangira mphamvu yamadzi, yomwe imapanga 26.37%; Kachiwiri, mphamvu yopangira magetsi ku Yunnan ndi 271.63 biliyoni kWh, yomwe ndi 20.29%; Chachitatu, mphamvu ya hydropower ku Hubei ndi 153.15 biliyoni kWh, kuwerengera 11.44%.
Malinga ndi mphamvu yoyikapo yamakampani opanga magetsi aku China, Changjiang Electric Power ndiye bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe idayikidwapo. Mu 2021, mphamvu yoyika ya Changjiang Electric Power idzawerengera oposa 11% a dziko, ndipo mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi pansi pa magulu asanu opangira magetsi zidzawerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko; Kutengera momwe magetsi amapangira magetsi amadzi, mu 2021, mphamvu yopangira magetsi mumtsinje wa Yangtze ipitilira 15%, ndipo kupanga mphamvu yamadzi yamagulu asanu opangira magetsi kudzatenga pafupifupi 20% ya dzikolo. Malinga ndi momwe msika ukuyendera, magulu asanu amphamvu amagetsi a China omwe adayika mphamvu zamadzi ndi Yangtze Power ali pafupi ndi theka la gawo la msika; Kupanga mphamvu ya Hydropower kupitilira 30% yazinthu zonse mdziko muno, ndipo kuchuluka kwamakampani ndikokwera.
Malinga ndi kuwunika mozama komanso chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chamakampani aku China opangira mphamvu zamagetsi mu 2022-2027 ndi China Research Institute of Viwanda.
Bizinesi yaku China yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi imayang'aniridwa ndi aboma okha. Kuphatikiza pa magulu asanu opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, bizinesi yaku China yopangira mphamvu zamadzi ilinso ndi mabizinesi abwino kwambiri opangira magetsi. Mabizinesi omwe ali kunja kwa magulu asanu akuluakulu akuyimiridwa ndi Yangtze Power, yomwe ndi bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri yoyika mphamvu yamadzi pamadzi. Malinga ndi gawo la mphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya hydropower, mpikisano wampikisano wamakampani opanga magetsi aku China ukhoza kugawidwa pafupifupi ma echelons awiri, ndi magulu asanu akuluakulu ndi Yangtze Power mu echelon yoyamba.
Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha mafakitale a hydropower
Pankhani ya kutentha kwa dziko ndi kutha kwa mphamvu zowonongeka, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu zowonjezereka zakhala zikukopa chidwi cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chitukuko champhamvu cha mphamvu zowonjezera chakhala chigwirizano cha mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Hydropower ndi mphamvu yoyera komanso yongowonjezedwanso yokhala ndi ukadaulo wokhwima ndipo imatha kupangidwa pamlingo waukulu. Malo osungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi ku China ndi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga mwamphamvu mphamvu yamadzi si njira yokhayo yofunikira yochepetsera mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, komanso njira yofunikira yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo, kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna, ndikupeza chitukuko chokhazikika.
Pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo ya kulimbana kosalekeza kwa ogwira ntchito yopangira magetsi opangira madzi, kukonzanso ndi kuchita zinthu zatsopano, komanso kuchita zinthu molimba mtima, makampani opanga mphamvu zamadzi ku China apeza mbiri yakale kuyambira zazing'ono kupita zazikulu, zofooka mpaka zamphamvu, komanso kuyambira pakutsata kuthamanga ndi kutsogolera. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha sayansi ndi luso, mayunitsi China ndi hydropower ndi ambiri ogwira ntchito ya hydropower sayansi ndi luso luso, kudalira nzeru yokumba, deta lalikulu ndi umisiri wina kudula-m'mphepete, atsimikizira mogwira mtima khalidwe zomangamanga ndi chitetezo madamu.
Pa nthawi ya 14th Year Plan Plan, China yafotokoza momveka bwino tsiku lomaliza kukwaniritsa zolinga za carbon peak ndi carbon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya mphamvu imve mwayi ndi kukakamizidwa kumabwera nthawi imodzi. Monga nthumwi ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, mphamvu ya hydropower ipitiliza kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pamlingo wanyengo padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu, komanso kufunikira kwachitukuko chokhazikika pakukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu.
M'tsogolomu, China ayenera kuganizira umisiri kiyi monga yomanga wanzeru, ntchito wanzeru ndi zida wanzeru wa hydropower, mwachangu kulimbikitsa kukweza makampani hydropower, kulimbikitsa ndi kukhathamiritsa mphamvu woyera, kuonjezera chitukuko cha hydropower ndi mphamvu zatsopano, ndi mosalekeza kusintha mlingo wa wanzeru ntchito yomanga ndi kasamalidwe ntchito masiteshoni magetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-12-2023
