Potengera momwe dziko la Uzbekistan likulimbikitsira njira zothetsera mphamvu zokhazikika, dziko la Uzbekistan lawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu mu gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, makamaka lamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, chifukwa cha madzi ake ambiri.
Madzi a ku Uzbekistan ali ndi madzi ambiri, monga madzi oundana, mitsinje, nyanja, madamu, mitsinje yodutsa malire, ndi madzi apansi. Malinga ndi kuwerengetsera kolondola kwa akatswiri amderali, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya madzi ya m'mitsinje ya mdziko muno imafika pa 88.5 biliyoni kWh pachaka, pomwe kuthekera kwaukadaulo ndi 27.4 biliyoni kWh pachaka, ndi mphamvu yoyika yopitilira 8 miliyoni kWh. Mwa izi, Mtsinje wa Pskem m'chigawo cha Tashkent umadziwika kuti ndi "chuma champhamvu chamadzi", chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yoyika mwaukadaulo ya 1.324 miliyoni kW, yomwe ndi 45.3% yazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka ku Uzbekistan. Kuphatikiza apo, mitsinje monga To'polondaryo, Chatqol, ndi Sangardak ilinso ndi kuthekera kokulirapo kwa mphamvu yamadzi.
Kukula kwa mphamvu yamadzi ku Uzbekistan kuli ndi mbiri yakale. Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi 1, 1926, malo oyamba opangira magetsi amadzi mdziko muno, Bo'zsuv GES – 1, adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yoyika 4,000 kW. Chomera chachikulu kwambiri chopangira mphamvu yamadzi mdziko muno, Chorvoq Hydropower Plant, pang'onopang'ono chinabwera pa intaneti pakati pa 1970 ndi 1972. Mphamvu yake yoyika idakwezedwa kuchokera ku 620,500 kW kupita ku 666,000 kW kutsatira zamakono. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2023, mphamvu zonse za Uzbekistan zomwe zidayikidwa pamadzi zidafika pa 2.415 miliyoni kW, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 30% ya mphamvu zake zomwe zingatheke mwaukadaulo. Mu 2022, mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi ku Uzbekistan zinali 74.3 biliyoni kWh, ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zimathandizira 6.94 biliyoni kWh. Mwa izi, mphamvu yamadzi idapanga 6.5 biliyoni kWh, zomwe zimapanga 8.75% ya mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi komanso mphamvu zowonjezedwanso ndi gawo la 93.66%. Komabe, poganizira kuti dziko lino lili ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zokwana 27.4 biliyoni za kWh pachaka, ndi 23% yokha yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zikuwonetsa mwayi wokulirapo mu gawoli.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, Uzbekistan yakhala ikugwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi, ndikuyambitsa ntchito zambiri. Mu February 2023, Uzbekhydroenergo adasaina chikumbutso chomvetsetsa (MOU) ndi Zhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry popanga zida zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi. Mu June chaka chomwecho, mgwirizano unafikiridwa ndi China Southern Power Grid International kuti akhazikitse mafakitale atatu opangira mphamvu yamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mu Julayi 2023, Uzbek Hydrogenergo idalengeza zachivomerezo chomanga nyumba zatsopano zopangira mphamvu yamadzi zisanu zokwana 46.6 MW, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kupanga 179 miliyoni kWh pachaka pamtengo wa $106.9 miliyoni. Mu June 2023, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan pamodzi anakhazikitsa ntchito yomanga nyumba ziwiri zopangira mphamvu yamadzi pamtsinje wa Zeravshan. Gawo loyamba likukhudza 140 MW Yavan Hydropower Plant, yomwe ikufuna ndalama zokwana $282 miliyoni ndipo ikuyembekezeka kupanga 700-800 miliyoni kWh pachaka. Chomera chotsatira cha 135 MW pamtsinje wa Fandarya chikukonzekera, ndikuyika ndalama zokwana $270 miliyoni ndi mphamvu yapachaka ya 500-600 miliyoni kWh. Mu June 2024, Uzbekistan idavumbulutsa dongosolo lake lachitukuko cha mphamvu yamadzi, yomwe ikufuna kuyika mphamvu ya 6 GW pofika chaka cha 2030. Cholinga chachikuluchi chikuphatikizapo ntchito zomanga zomera zatsopano ndi zamakono, zogwirizana ndi njira zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zobiriwira ku 40% ya mphamvu yonse yamagetsi pofika chaka cha 2030.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo gawo la magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, boma la Uzbekistan lakhazikitsa mfundo zothandizira ndi mayendedwe. Mapulani opititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya Hydropower amakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo ndikuyengedwa mosalekeza potengera kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, Bungwe la Nduna linavomereza “Pulani ya Kupititsa patsogolo Mphamvu ya Mphamvu ya Madzi ya 2016–2020” mu November 2015, yofotokoza za kumangidwa kwa masiteshoni asanu ndi anayi atsopano opangira mphamvu ya madzi. Pamene njira ya "Uzbekistan-2030" ikupita patsogolo, boma likuyembekezeka kukhazikitsa mfundo ndi malamulo owonjezera kuti akope ndalama zakunja zopangira magetsi opangira magetsi pamadzi ndi magawo ena opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. miyezo, kupanga mwayi watsopano wogwirizana wamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza makampani aku China, kuti apereke ukadaulo wawo ndikukhazikitsa matekinoloje awo ku Uzbekistan.
Malinga ndi mgwirizano, China ndi Uzbekistan ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwirizana mu gawo lamagetsi amagetsi. Ndi Belt and Road Initiative ikupita patsogolo, maiko onsewa agwirizana kwambiri pa mgwirizano wamagetsi. Kukhazikitsidwa kopambana kwa projekiti ya njanji ya China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan kumalimbitsanso maziko awo ogwirizana ndi mphamvu yamadzi. Mabizinesi aku China ali ndi luso lambiri pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi, kupanga zida, komanso luso laukadaulo, komanso umisiri wapamwamba komanso luso lazachuma. Pakadali pano, Uzbekistan imapereka zida zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi, malo abwino oyendetsera mfundo, komanso kufunikira kwa msika waukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yabwino yogwirizana. Mayiko awiriwa atha kuchita nawo mgwirizano wozama m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kumanga fakitole yopangira mphamvu yamadzi, kupereka zida, kusamutsa ukadaulo, komanso kuphunzitsa anthu ogwira ntchito, kulimbikitsa kupindula kwawo komanso kukula kogawana.
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, makampani opanga magetsi ku Uzbekistan ali pafupi ndi tsogolo labwino. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulojekiti ofunikira, mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa zidzapitilira kukwera, kukwaniritsa zosowa zamagetsi zapanyumba pomwe zikupanganso mwayi wotumiza magetsi kunja ndikubweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma. Kuphatikiza apo, kutukuka kwa gawo lamagetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi kudzalimbikitsa kukula kwa mafakitale ogwirizana, kutulutsa mwayi wa ntchito, ndikupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha zachuma. Monga gwero la mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezedwanso, kutukuka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yamadzi kudzathandiza dziko la Uzbekistan kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta oyaka, kutsitsa mpweya wa carbon, ndikuthandizira bwino pakuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-12-2025
