New Horizons ku Central Asia Energy: The Rise of Micro Hydropower
Pamene mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuchulukirachulukira, Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan ku Central Asia aima pamzere watsopano wa chitukuko cha mphamvu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwachuma kwapang’onopang’ono, kukula kwa mafakitale ku Uzbekistan kukukulirakulira, ntchito yomanga m’matauni ikupita patsogolo mofulumira, ndipo moyo wa anthu ake ukupita patsogolo pang’onopang’ono. Kumbuyo kwa zosintha zabwinozi ndi kukwera kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu. Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku International Energy Agency (IEA), mphamvu ya mphamvu ku Uzbekistan yakula pafupifupi 40% m’zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo ikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ndi 50% pofika chaka cha 2030. Kyrgyzstan ikuyang’anizananso ndi kufunikira kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, makamaka m’miyezi yachisanu, pamene kusowa kwa magetsi kumawonekera, ndipo kusowa kwa mphamvu kumalepheretsa chitukuko chake chachuma ndi chitukuko.
Pamene magwero amphamvu amphamvu akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zofuna zomwe zikukwera, nkhani zambiri zikuwonekera. Uzbekistan, ngakhale ili ndi zinthu zina za gasi, yakhala ikudalira mafuta oyaka, omwe akukumana ndi chiopsezo chakutha kwa zinthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Kyrgyzstan, yomwe ili ndi gawo lalikulu la mphamvu zamagetsi mumagetsi ake osakanikirana, ikukumana ndi vuto la zomangamanga zokalamba zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa magetsi. Potengera izi, mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono (Micro hydropower) yatulukira mwakachetechete ngati njira yothetsera mphamvu yaukhondo komanso yokhazikika m'maiko onse awiri, yomwe ili ndi kuthekera komwe sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Uzbekistan: Dziko Losagwiritsidwa Ntchito la Micro Hydropower
(1) Kusanthula kwa Mphamvu ya Mphamvu
Mphamvu zamphamvu ku Uzbekistan kwa nthawi yayitali zakhala zimodzi, ndipo gasi wachilengedwe amawerengera 86% yamagetsi. Kudalira kwakukulu kumeneku pa gwero limodzi la mphamvu kumaika chitetezo champhamvu cha dziko pachiswe. Misika ya gasi yapadziko lonse ikamasinthasintha kapena kutulutsa gasi m'nyumba kukakumana ndi vuto, mphamvu yamagetsi ku Uzbekistan idzawonongeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mafuta oyaka mafuta kwadzetsa kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe, ndi mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ukukwera pang'onopang'ono ndikupangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chovuta kwambiri.
Pamene chidwi chapadziko lonse cha chitukuko chokhazikika chikukulirakulira, Uzbekistan yazindikira kufunika kosintha mphamvu. Dzikoli lakonza njira zingapo zachitukuko cha mphamvu, ndi cholinga choonjezera gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso mu mphamvu zake zonse zopangira magetsi kufika pa 54% pofika chaka cha 2030. Cholinga ichi chimapereka malo okwanira kuti pakhale chitukuko cha mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono ndi zina zowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.
(2) Kuwona Mphamvu ya Micro Hydropower
Uzbekistan ili ndi madzi ambiri, makamaka omwe amakhala m'mitsinje ya Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya. Malinga ndi zomwe boma likunena, dzikolo lili ndi mphamvu zopangira magetsi okwana 22 biliyoni kWh, koma zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi 15% yokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi. M'madera ena amapiri, monga madera a Pamir Plateau ndi mapiri a Tian Shan, malo otsetsereka komanso malo otsetsereka a mitsinje ikuluikulu amawapangitsa kukhala abwino popanga malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Maderawa ali ndi mitsinje yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe imapereka mphamvu yokhazikika yamagetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi.
M'chigawo cha Nukus, pali malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi okwana 480 MW, omwe amapereka mphamvu zofunikira pakukula kwachuma. Kuphatikiza pa malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, dziko la Uzbekistan likuwunikanso ntchito yomanga nyumba zazing'ono zopangira mphamvu yamadzi. Malo ena ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi amangidwa kale ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kumadera akutali, kupereka magetsi okhazikika kwa anthu am'deralo ndikuwongolera moyo wawo. Malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madziwa samangogwiritsa ntchito mokwanira madzi am'deralo komanso amachepetsa kudalira magwero amagetsi achikhalidwe, kutsitsa mpweya wa carbon.
(3) Thandizo la Boma
Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zowonjezereka, boma la Uzbek lakhazikitsa ndondomeko za ndondomeko. Pankhani ya sabuside, boma limapereka thandizo la ndalama kumakampani omwe amaika ndalama m'mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi kuti achepetse ndalama zogulira. Kwa makampani omwe amamanga malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono, boma limapereka ndalama zothandizira kutengera mphamvu zomwe wayikirapo komanso kupanga magetsi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti pakhale ndalama zopangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono.
Boma lakhazikitsanso mfundo zingapo zosankhidwa bwino. Pankhani ya misonkho, makampani ang'onoang'ono amagetsi opangira madzi amasangalala ndi kuchepetsa msonkho, kuwachepetsera zolemetsa. Akamayamba kugwira ntchito, makampaniwa akhoza kusamakhoma msonkho kwa nthawi inayake, ndipo pambuyo pake akhoza kusangalala ndi misonkho yotsika. Pankhani ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka, boma limaika patsogolo kupereka malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi ndipo limapereka kuchotsera kogwiritsa ntchito malo. Ndondomekozi zimapanga malo abwino opangira mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono.
(4) Mavuto ndi Mayankho
Ngakhale kuti Uzbekistan ili ndi njira zabwino zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono, pali zovuta zambiri. Kumbali yaukadaulo, ukadaulo wocheperako wamagetsi amadzi m'madera ena ndi wachikale, ndipo umagwira ntchito mochepa. Malo ena akale ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ali ndi zida zakale, kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza, komanso kupanga magetsi osakhazikika. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, dziko la Uzbekistan likhoza kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi makampani aukadaulo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuyambitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi ndi zida zowongolera mphamvu zamagetsi. Mgwirizano ndi mayiko monga China ndi Germany, omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba pamagetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira madzi, akhoza kubweretsa matekinoloje atsopano ndi zida, kukweza malo ang'onoang'ono opangira madzi.
Kusoŵa kwa ndalama ndi nkhani ina yaikulu. Kumanga mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi kumafuna ndalama zambiri, ndipo Uzbekistan ili ndi njira zochepa zopezera ndalama zapakhomo. Kuti tipeze ndalama, boma likhoza kulimbikitsa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi, kukopa mabungwe azachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani kuti akhazikitse ndalama zake muzochita zamphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Boma likhozanso kukhazikitsa ndalama zapadera zothandizira ntchitozi ndi ndalama.
Kusakwanira kwa zomangamanga ndizomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yaying'ono. Madera ena akutali alibe magetsi okwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutumiza magetsi opangidwa ndi mphamvu yamadzi pang'ono kupita kumadera omwe akufunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, dziko la Uzbekistan liyenera kukulitsa ndalama zomanga ndi kukweza zomangamanga monga ma gridi amagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zotumizira mphamvu. Boma litha kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga ma gridi pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama komanso kukopa anthu, kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi opangidwa ndi mphamvu yamadzi ang'onoang'ono aperekedwa moyenera kwa ogula.
Kyrgyzstan: Munda Ukukula kwa Micro Hydropower
(1) Malo osungira mphamvu zamadzi a “Water Tower of Central Asia”
Kyrgyzstan imadziwika kuti “Water Tower of Central Asia,” chifukwa cha malo ake apadera, omwe amakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Popeza kuti 93% ya madera a dzikolo ndi mapiri, kugwa mvula kawirikawiri, madzi oundana ambiri, ndi mitsinje yodutsa makilomita 500,000, Kyrgyzstan ili ndi madzi okwana pafupifupi 51 biliyoni pachaka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dziko lino likhale ndi mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zopangira mphamvu ya madzi 1,335 biliyoni kWh, zokhala ndi luso la 719 biliyoni kWh komanso zotheka pachuma 427 biliyoni kWh. Pakati pa mayiko a CIS, Kyrgyzstan ili pachitatu, pambuyo pa Russia ndi Tajikistan, ponena za mphamvu ya hydropower.
Komabe, ku Kyrgyzstan komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamadzi pakali pano ndi pafupifupi 10% yokha, kusiyana kwambiri ndi mphamvu yake yochuluka yopangira magetsi. Ngakhale kuti dzikolo lakhazikitsa kale masiteshoni akuluakulu opangira mphamvu yamadzi monga malo opangira magetsi amadzi a Toktogul (omangidwa mu 1976, okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri), masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi akadali koyambirira, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zopangira magetsi pamadzi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Kupita patsogolo kwa Ntchito ndi Kukwaniritsa
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, dziko la Kyrgyzstan lapita patsogolo kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga malo ang’onoang’ono opangira magetsi pamadzi. Malinga ndi Kabar News Agency, mu 2024, dzikolo lidakhazikitsa malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mphamvu ya 48.3 MW, monga malo opangira magetsi a Bala-Saruu ndi Issyk-Ata-1. Pofika pano, dziko lino lili ndi malo 33 ang’onoang’ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi opangira magetsi okwana 121.5 MW.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madziwa kwathandiza kwambiri kuti m'dera lino mukhale bwino. M’madera ena akutali amapiri, kumene magetsi anali osakwanira m’mbuyomo, anthu tsopano ali ndi magetsi okhazikika. Umoyo wa anthu akumaloko wapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo sakukhalanso mumdima usiku, ndi zipangizo zapakhomo zikugwira ntchito bwinobwino. Mabizinesi ena ang'onoang'ono a mabanja amathanso kugwira ntchito bwino, kubweretsa nyonga muzachuma. Kuphatikiza apo, mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono amagetsi opangidwa ndi madziwa amachepetsa kudalira magwero amagetsi achikhalidwe komanso kutsitsa kwa mpweya, zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe.
(3) Mphamvu ya Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse
Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wathandiza kwambiri pakupanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira madzi ku Kyrgyzstan. China, monga mnzake wofunikira, yachita mgwirizano waukulu ndi Kyrgyzstan m'munda wawung'ono wamagetsi amagetsi. Pamsonkhano wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa Issyk-Kul International Economic Forum mu 2023, mgwirizano wamakampani aku China adasaina mgwirizano ndi Kyrgyzstan kuti akhazikitse 2 mpaka 3 biliyoni USD pomanga Kazarman Cascade Hydropower Station, yomwe ikhala ndi mafakitale anayi opangira magetsi okwana 1,160 MW ndipo ikuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito pofika 2030.
Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga World Bank ndi European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) aperekanso ndalama ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo pamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi ku Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan yapereka mapulojekiti angapo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi ku EBRD, kuphatikiza kumanga Damu la Upper Naryn. EBRD yasonyeza chidwi chofuna kukhazikitsa "ntchito zobiriwira" m'dzikoli, kuphatikizapo zamakono mu gawo la mphamvu ndi ntchito zamagetsi. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse umenewu ukungobweretsa ndalama zofunika kwambiri ku Kyrgyzstan, kuchepetsa mavuto a zachuma pa ntchito yomanga polojekiti, komanso kumayambitsa luso lapamwamba laukadaulo ndi luso la kasamalidwe, kukonza kamangidwe ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito zamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi.
(4) Malingaliro a chitukuko chamtsogolo
Kutengera ndi madzi ochuluka a ku Kyrgyzstan komanso momwe dziko la Kyrgyzstan likukulirakulira, mphamvu yake yamagetsi yaying'ono yokhala ndi madzi ili ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko chamtsogolo. Boma lakhazikitsa zolinga zomveka bwino zachitukuko cha mphamvu ndi ndondomeko zowonjezera gawo la mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu mu dongosolo la mphamvu za dziko mpaka 10% pofika chaka cha 2030. Magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi, monga gawo lofunika la mphamvu zowonjezereka, adzakhala ndi udindo waukulu pa izi.
M'tsogolomu, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kuzama kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, dziko la Kyrgyzstan likuyembekezeka kukulitsa zoyesayesa zake zopanga zida zazing'ono zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Malo enanso ang’onoang’ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi adzamangidwa m’dziko lonselo, zomwe sizidzangokwaniritsa kufunikira kwa mphamvu za magetsi m’dziko muno, komanso kuonjezera katundu wa magetsi kunja kwa dziko ndi kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha dziko. Kupanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira madzi kudzayendetsanso chitukuko cha mafakitale ogwirizana nawo, monga kupanga zida, zomangamanga zauinjiniya, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi kukonza, kubweretsa mwayi wochuluka wa ntchito, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chuma chamitundumitundu.
Zoyembekeza Zamsika: Mwayi ndi Zovuta Zimakhala Pamodzi
(I) Mwayi Wofanana
Malinga ndi zomwe zikufunika kusintha mphamvu, Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan onse akuyang'anizana ndi ntchito yofulumira yosintha mphamvu zawo. Pamene chidwi cha dziko pa kusintha kwa nyengo chikuchulukirachulukira, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kupanga mphamvu zoyera zakhala mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko awiriwa achitapo kanthu pazimenezi, ndikupereka mwayi wabwino wopititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Monga gwero la mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezwdwa, magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi amatha kuchepetsa kudalira mphamvu zakale komanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwamphamvu m'maiko awiriwa.
Ponena za ndondomeko zabwino, maboma onsewa adayambitsa ndondomeko zingapo zothandizira chitukuko cha mphamvu zowonjezera. Uzbekistan yakhazikitsa zolinga zachitukuko zongowonjezwdwanso zomveka bwino, ikukonzekera kuwonjezera gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso pakupanga mphamvu zonse mpaka 54% pofika chaka cha 2030, ndikupereka zothandizira ndi mfundo zotsatsira ntchito zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kyrgyzstan yaphatikizanso chitukuko cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mu njira yake ya dziko, ikukonzekera kuwonjezera gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mu dongosolo la mphamvu zamtundu wa 10% pofika 2030, ndipo yapereka chithandizo champhamvu pomanga mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono amagetsi opangira magetsi, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikupanga malo abwino opangira ma hydropower.
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwaperekanso chithandizo champhamvu pakukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi m'maiko awiriwa. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, ukadaulo waung'ono wamagetsi wamagetsi wakula kwambiri, mphamvu zopangira magetsi zakhala zikukonzedwa mosalekeza, ndipo mitengo yazida yatsika pang'onopang'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano monga mapangidwe apamwamba a turbine ndi machitidwe anzeru owongolera kwapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ndi kuyendetsa mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono amagetsi amagetsi azikhala bwino komanso kosavuta. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumeneku kwachepetsa chiwopsezo cha ndalama zamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, kupititsa patsogolo phindu lazachuma la projekiti, komanso kukopa osunga ndalama ambiri kutenga nawo gawo pamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu zamagetsi.
(II) Kusanthula zovuta zapadera
Uzbekistan ikukumana ndi zovuta muukadaulo, ndalama zazikulu komanso zomangamanga pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono. Ukadaulo waung'ono wopangira mphamvu yamadzi m'madera ena ndi wobwerera m'mbuyo ndipo umakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zopangira mphamvu, zomwe zimafunikira kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo ndi zida zapamwamba. Kumanga mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi kumafuna ndalama zambiri, pomwe njira zopezera ndalama zapakhomo ku Uzbekistan ndizochepa, ndipo kusowa kwachuma kwalepheretsa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito. M'madera ena akutali, kuphimba magetsi a magetsi sikukwanira, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi ndi ovuta kutumizidwa kumadera ofunikira. Zomangamanga zopanda ungwiro zakhala cholepheretsa kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Kyrgyzstan lili ndi madzi ambiri, likukumananso ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Dzikoli lili ndi malo ovuta, mapiri ambiri, komanso mayendedwe ovuta, zomwe zabweretsa zovuta kwambiri pomanga mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi komanso kutumiza zida. Kusakhazikika kwa ndale kungasokonezenso momwe ntchito zing'onozing'ono zopangira magetsi opangira magetsi zikuyendera, ndipo pali zoopsa zina pazachuma ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ntchito. Chuma cha Kyrgyzstan chili m'mbuyo, ndipo msika wapakhomo uli ndi mphamvu zochepa zogulira zida ndi ntchito zazing'ono zopangira mphamvu yamadzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwamakampani ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi.
Njira yamabizinesi opambana: njira ndi malingaliro
(I) Kugwira ntchito m'malo
Kugwira ntchito kwanuko ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi akhazikitse msika wawung'ono wamagetsi amadzi ku Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Mabizinesi akuyenera kuzindikira mozama za chikhalidwe cha komweko ndikulemekeza miyambo ya komweko, zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo ndi machitidwe abizinesi. Ku Uzbekistan, chikhalidwe cha Asilamu ndichofala kwambiri. Pakukhazikitsa polojekitiyi, mabizinesi akuyenera kulabadira makonzedwe a ntchito munthawi yapadera monga Ramadan kuti apewe kusamvana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe.
Kukhazikitsa gulu la m'deralo ndiye chinsinsi chokwaniritsa ntchito zapagulu. Ogwira ntchito m'deralo amadziwa bwino za msika, malamulo ndi malamulo, maubwenzi apakati pa anthu, ndipo amatha kulankhulana bwino ndi kugwirizana ndi maboma ang'onoang'ono, mabizinesi ndi anthu. Akatswiri am'deralo, mameneja ndi ogwira ntchito zamalonda atha kulembedwa kuti apange gulu losiyanasiyana. Mgwirizano ndi mabizinesi am'deralo ndi njira yabwino yotsegulira msika. Mabizinesi am'deralo ali ndi chuma chochuluka komanso kulumikizana m'deralo. Kugwirizana nawo kungathe kuchepetsa malo olowera msika ndikuwonjezera kupambana kwa polojekitiyi. N’zotheka kugwirizana ndi makampani omanga m’derali kuti agwire ntchito yomanga madera ang’onoang’ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi pamadzi komanso kugwirizana ndi makampani amagetsi a m’derali kuti agulitse magetsi.
(II) Kusintha kwaukadaulo ndikusintha
Malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni zakomweko, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi ndiye mfungulo kuti mabizinesi apeze phindu pamsika. Ku Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, madera ena ali ndi malo ovuta komanso mitsinje yosinthika. Mabizinesi akuyenera kupanga zida zazing'ono zopangira mphamvu yamadzi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malo ovuta komanso momwe madzi amayendera. Poganizira za makhalidwe a dontho lalikulu ndi kutuluka kwa madzi osokonekera m'mitsinje yamapiri, ma turbines apamwamba kwambiri ndi zipangizo zopangira magetsi zokhazikika zimapangidwira kuti zikhale bwino komanso zokhazikika.
Mabizinesi akuyeneranso kuyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo waukadaulo komanso kukweza. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, ukadaulo wocheperako wa hydropower nawonso ukuyenda bwino. Mabizinesi akuyenera kuyambitsa umisiri ndi malingaliro apamwamba, monga machitidwe anzeru owongolera ndi umisiri wowunikira patali, kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi kasamalidwe ka ntchito zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kupyolera mu machitidwe anzeru olamulira, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndi kuwongolera kutali kwa zida zazing'ono za hydropower zitha kupezedwa, kulephera kwa zida kumatha kuzindikirika ndikuthetsedwa munthawi yake, komanso magwiridwe antchito komanso kudalirika kwa zida zitha kuwongoleredwa.
(III) Njira zoyendetsera zoopsa
Pogwira ntchito zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi ku Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, mabizinesi akuyenera kuwunika mozama komanso kuyankha kothandiza pazandale, msika, zachilengedwe ndi zoopsa zina. Pankhani ya zoopsa za ndondomeko, ndondomeko za mayiko awiriwa zikhoza kusintha pakapita nthawi. Mabizinesi akuyenera kuyang'anira kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika mdera lanu ndikusintha njira zama projekiti munthawi yake. Ngati ndondomeko ya sabuside ya maboma ang'onoang'ono yopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ikasintha, mabizinesi akuyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale ndikupeza njira zina zopezera ndalama kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti.
Chiwopsezo chamsika ndichowonanso chomwe mabizinesi amayenera kulabadira. Kusintha kwa kufunikira kwa msika komanso kusintha kwabwino kwa omwe akupikisana nawo kumatha kukhudza ntchito zamakampani. Mabizinesi akuyenera kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wamsika, kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa msika ndi momwe akupikisana nawo, ndikupanga njira zoyenera zamsika. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wamsika, kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa magetsi kwa anthu a m'deralo ndi mabizinesi, komanso ubwino wa malonda ndi ntchito za omwe akupikisana nawo, kuti apange njira zopikisana ndi msika.
Zowopsa za chilengedwe siziyenera kunyalanyazidwanso. Kumanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi kungakhale ndi chiyambukiro china pa chilengedwe chaderalo, monga kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha mitsinje ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka. Mabizinesi akuyenera kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane za chilengedwe polojekiti isanakhazikitsidwe ndikupanga njira zofananira zoteteza chilengedwe kuti polojekiti ipite patsogolo. Panthawi yomanga pulojekiti, tengani njira zotetezera nthaka ndi madzi kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa nthaka; pogwira ntchito ya polojekitiyi, limbikitsani kuyang'anira ndi kuteteza chilengedwe cha mitsinje kuonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe sichikuwonongeka.
Kutsiliza: Mphamvu ya Micro hydropower imawunikira tsogolo la Central Asia
Mphamvu ya Micro hydropower ikuwonetsa mphamvu ndi kuthekera kosaneneka pagawo lamphamvu la Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Ngakhale kuti mayiko onsewa akukumana ndi mavuto awo panjira yachitukuko, chithandizo champhamvu cha ndondomeko, madzi ochulukirapo komanso kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri kwapereka maziko olimba a chitukuko cha mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito zazing'ono zopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, mphamvu za mayiko awiriwa zipitirire kukonzedwa bwino, kudalira mphamvu zamagetsi zachikhalidwe kudzachepetsedwa, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya udzachepa kwambiri, zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse.
Kupanga mphamvu zopangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono pamadzi kubweretsanso chikoka chatsopano pa chitukuko cha chuma cha mayiko awiriwa. Ku Uzbekistan, kumangidwa kwa mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi kudzayendetsa chitukuko cha mafakitale okhudzana ndikulimbikitsa kusiyanasiyana kwachuma. Ku Kyrgyzstan, magetsi ang'onoang'ono amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za mphamvu zapakhomo, komanso kukhala malo atsopano a kukula kwachuma ndikuwonjezera ndalama za dziko kudzera muzogulitsa magetsi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa, mphamvu ya Micro hydropower idzakhala nyali yomwe idzaunikire njira yopangira mphamvu ku Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, ndikuthandizira kwambiri chitukuko chokhazikika cha mayiko awiriwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-10-2025
