Zomera za Axial-flow hydropower, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi makina opangira magetsi a Kaplan, ndi abwino kwa malo omwe ali ndi mitu yotsika mpaka yapakatikati komanso kuthamanga kwakukulu. Ma turbines awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama projekiti othamangitsa mtsinje ndi madamu otsika chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso kusinthasintha kwawo. Kupambana kwa kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi otereku kumadalira kwambiri ntchito zachitukuko zokonzedwa bwino komanso zochitidwa mosamala, zomwe zimapanga maziko a magwiridwe antchito a turbine, kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndi chitetezo.
1. Kukonzekera Malo ndi Kupatutsidwa kwa Mtsinje
Ntchito yomanga yaikulu isanayambe, kukonzekera malo n’kofunika kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukonza malo omanga, kukhazikitsa misewu yolowera, ndi kukhazikitsa njira yopatutsira mitsinje kuti madzi ayendetsenso madzi ndikupanga malo ogwirira ntchito. Malo osungiramo madzi—mabwalo akanthaŵi omangidwa mkati kapena kutsidya lina la mtsinjewo—kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa malo omangawo ndi madzi.
2. Kapangidwe kakudya
Kapangidwe kameneka kamayang'anira kulowa kwa madzi m'malo opangira magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinyalala zopanda zinyalala, kuyenda mokhazikika kupita ku turbine. Zimaphatikizapo zotayira zinyalala, zipata, ndipo nthawi zina zotsukira zinyalala. Kukonzekera koyenera kwa hydraulic ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kupangika kwa vortex, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mutu, komanso kuteteza turbine ku zinyalala zoyandama.
3. Penstock kapena Open Channel
Kutengera masanjidwewo, madzi ochokera pakudya amaperekedwa ku turbine kudzera pa penstocks (mapaipi otsekedwa) kapena njira zotseguka. Muzojambula zambiri za axial-flow-makamaka muzomera zapamutu-kulowa kotseguka kolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi turbine kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukhazikika kwamapangidwe, kufanana kwakuyenda, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma hydraulic ndizofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi.
4. Mapangidwe a Powerhouse
Nyumba yamagetsi imakhala ndi ma turbine-generator unit, makina owongolera, ndi zida zothandizira. Kwa ma turbine a Kaplan, omwe nthawi zambiri amayikidwa molunjika, nyumba yamagetsi iyenera kupangidwa kuti izithandizira katundu wamkulu wa axial ndi mphamvu zamphamvu. Kukhazikika kwa vibrational, kutsekereza madzi, komanso kupezeka mosavuta pakukonza ndizinthu zofunika kwambiri pamapangidwe ake.
5. Draft Tube ndi Tailrace
Chubu chojambulira chimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakubwezeretsa mphamvu za kinetic kuchokera kumadzi otuluka mu turbine. Chingwe chopangidwa bwino chimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Ngalande ya tailrace imatumiza madzi bwinobwino kumtsinje. Mapangidwe onsewa amafunikira kukonzedwa bwino kuti achepetse chipwirikiti ndi zotsatira zamadzi akumbuyo.
6. Chipinda Choyang'anira ndi Nyumba Zothandizira
Kupatula nyumba zazikuluzikulu, ntchito zachitukuko zikuphatikizanso kumanga zipinda zowongolera, nyumba zogwirira ntchito, malo ochitirako misonkhano, ndi nyumba zina zogwirira ntchito. Malowa amaonetsetsa kuti zomera zizigwira ntchito modalirika komanso kuzisamalira kwa nthawi yaitali.
7. Kuganizira za chilengedwe ndi Geotechnical
Kufufuza kwa nthaka, kukhazikika kwa malo otsetsereka, kuletsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, ndi kuteteza chilengedwe ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera anthu. Njira zoyendetsera ngalandezi zoyenerera, malo olowera nsomba (pomwe pakufunika), ndi kukonza malo zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
Chigawo cha zomangamanga pafakitale ya axial-flow hydropower ndichofunikira pakuchita kwake konse komanso moyo wautali. Kapangidwe kalikonse—kuyambira pa kadyedwe kake mpaka ku tailrace—iyenera kupangidwa mwaluso ndi kumangidwa kuti zisagonjetse mphamvu ya hydrological, mikhalidwe ya nthaka, ndi zofuna za ntchito. Mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa mainjiniya amtundu, ogulitsa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe ndikofunikira kuti pakhale njira yotetezeka, yothandiza komanso yokhazikika yopangira mphamvu yamadzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-11-2025
