Momwe Mungamangire Pulojekiti Yopangira Mphamvu ya 150kW Micro Hydropower Plant

Pamene kufunikira kwa mphamvu zaukhondo ndi kugawa mphamvu kukukula, mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono zikukhala njira yotheka komanso yokhazikika yopangira magetsi akumidzi komanso madera omwe alibe magetsi. Malo opangira magetsi okwana 150kW ndi kukula koyenera kulimbikitsa midzi yaying'ono, ntchito zaulimi, kapena mafakitale akutali. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingachitike pokonzekera, kupanga, ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito yotereyi.

1. Kusankha Malo ndi Kufufuza Zotheka
Chinthu choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndikuzindikira malo oyenera. Kutulutsa mphamvu kwa hydroplant kumadalira pakuyenda kwa madzi (Q) ndi kutalika kwa mutu (H).

Zinthu zofunika kuziwunika:
Mutu: Mtunda wolunjika womwe madzi amagwera (makamaka 10-50 metres pa turbine ya Francis).
Kuthamanga kwa madzi: Kusasintha kwa madzi kwa chaka chonse.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe: Onetsetsani kuti kusokonezedwa kochepa kwa chilengedwe.
Kufikika: Kunyamula zida komanso kukonza bwino.
Kufufuza kwa hydrological ndi kuwunika kufunikira kwa mphamvu ndikofunikira kuti muwone ngati malowa amatha kupereka mphamvu 150kW nthawi zonse.

2. Kupanga Kwadongosolo ndi Zigawo
Kuthekera kukatsimikizika, dongosololi liyenera kupangidwa ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
Zida Zazikulu:
Kumwa madzi: Kumawonetsa zinyalala ndikupatutsa kuchokera kumtsinje kapena mtsinje.
Penstock: Chitoliro chokwera kwambiri chonyamula madzi kupita ku turbine.
Turbine: 150kW Francis turbine ndi yabwino kwa mutu wapakatikati komanso kuyenda kosiyanasiyana.
Jenereta: Amasintha mphamvu zamakina kukhala magetsi.
Dongosolo lowongolera: Imawongolera ma voltage, ma frequency, ndi katundu.
Tailrace: Kubweza madzi kumtsinje.
Zowonjezera zomwe mungasankhe zimaphatikizapo njira yolumikizira (yolumikizana ndi gridi) kapena mabatire / ma inverter (ya hybrid kapena off-grid setups).

3. Ntchito Zachikhalidwe ndi Zamagetsi
Civil Construction:
Kukumba ndi konkriti kumagwira ntchito panyumba yamagetsi, yolowera, ndi njira zamadzi.
Kuyika kwa chitoliro cha penstock ndi maziko a turbine.
Kuyika Magetsi:
Wiring wa jenereta, thiransifoma (ngati pakufunika), zida zodzitetezera, ndi mizere yotumizira kumalo onyamula katundu.
Kukhazikitsa kwakutali koyang'anira ndi makina opangira makina ngati mukufuna.
4. Kugula ndi mayendedwe
Gulani zida zonse zamakina ndi zamagetsi kuchokera kwa opanga odziwika. Onetsetsani kuti zikugwirizana pakati pa turbine ndi majenereta. Mayendedwe opita kumalowa atha kukhala ovuta, makamaka kumadera akumidzi, choncho konzekerani mayendedwe mosamala.
5. Kuyika ndi Kutumiza
Sonkhanitsani ndikuyika ma turbine, jenereta, ndi machitidwe owongolera mu nyumba yamagetsi.
Yesani dongosololi pang'onopang'ono: kuyanjanitsa kwamakina, kulumikizana kwamagetsi, kuyesa kwamadzi.
Chitani zoyeserera ndikuyesa kuyesa musanatumizidwe kwathunthu.
6. Ntchito ndi Kusamalira
Ntchito zokhazikika zimaphatikizapo:
Kuwona zinyalala ndi zinyalala pakudya.
Monitoring bearings, lubrication, ndi control systems.
Kuwunika kokhazikika kwa katundu.
Kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito m'deralo kuyang'anira ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
7. Kupereka Chilolezo ndi Kuyanjana ndi Anthu
Pezani zilolezo ndi zivomerezo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu aboma.
Phatikizani anthu amderali muntchito yonseyi kuti atsimikizire kuvomereza ndi kukhazikika.
Pangani chitsanzo cholamulira kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndalama kapena kugawana mphamvu zamagulu, makamaka pamachitidwe ogawana nawo.

Mapeto
Chomera champhamvu cha 150kW micro hydropower ndi njira yabwino yopangira mphamvu zaukhondo, zodziyimira pawokha, komanso zanthawi yayitali. Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa malo, zida zabwino, komanso kukhazikitsa mwaluso, pulojekiti yotereyi imatha kugwira ntchito modalirika kwa zaka zopitilira 30, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale ndalama zanzeru pachitukuko chokhazikika.