Francis turbine jenereta chidule chachidule ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa

Majenereta a Francis turbine amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira mphamvu yamadzi kuti asinthe mphamvu yamadzi ndi mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndiwo mtundu wa turbine wamadzi womwe umagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zimakhudzidwa komanso momwe zimachitikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira mtima kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwapakati mpaka kumutu (kuthamanga kwamadzi).

Nazi kulongosola momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Kuyenda kwa Madzi: Madzi amalowa mu turbine kudzera pa spiral casing kapena volute, yomwe imatsogolera kuyenda kwa mavane owongolera.
Ma Vanes Otsogolera: Mavane awa amasintha momwe madzi amayendera ndi mawonekedwe ake kuti agwirizane ndi masamba a turbine. Ma angle a kalozera ndi ofunikira kuti azigwira bwino ntchito komanso azigwira bwino ntchito. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa zokha.
Turbine Runner: Madzi amayenda pa turbine runner (gawo lozungulira la turbine), yomwe imakhala ndi masamba opindika. Mphamvu ya madzi imapangitsa wothamanga kupota. Mu turbine ya Francis, madzi amalowa mumasamba mozungulira (kuchokera kunja) ndikutuluka axially (motsatira mbali ya turbine). Izi zimapangitsa kuti turbine ya Francis ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Jenereta: Wothamanga amalumikizidwa ndi shaft, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi jenereta. Pamene wothamanga wa turbine amazungulira, shaft imayendetsa rotor ya jenereta, kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi.
Madzi Otulutsa: Pambuyo podutsa mu turbine, madzi amatuluka kudzera mu chubu, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zowonongeka.

Ubwino wa Francis Turbines:
Kuchita bwino: Zimagwira ntchito bwino pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana amadzi ndi mitu.
Zosiyanasiyana: Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitu yosiyana siyana, kuyambira apakatikati mpaka apamwamba.
Mapangidwe Olimba: Ali ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya turbine ngati ma turbine a Pelton, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mafakitale ambiri opangira mphamvu yamadzi.
Ntchito Yokhazikika: Ma turbine a Francis amatha kugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndikusungabe magwiridwe antchito.
Mapulogalamu:
Malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi apakati mpaka apamwamba kwambiri (mathithi, madamu, ndi malo osungira)
Zomera zopopera, pomwe madzi amapopedwa panthawi yomwe sali pachiwopsezo ndikumasulidwa pakafunika kwambiri.
Ngati mukuyang'ana china chake chachindunji, monga momwe mungapangire kapena kusanthula, omasuka kulongosola!