Malo opangira magetsi amadzi okhala ndi madamu okhala ndi nyumba zosungira madzi pamitsinje zomwe zimadzaza magetsi onse kapena ambiri

Malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtundu wa damu makamaka amatanthauza malo opangira magetsi amadzi omwe amamanga nyumba zosungira madzi pamitsinje kuti apange malo osungira madzi, kuyika madzi achilengedwe kuti akweze madzi, ndikupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mitu. Chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti damu ndi malo opangira magetsi amadzi zimakhala m'chigawo chimodzi chachifupi cha mtsinje.
Malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtundu wa damu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo osungira madzi, malo otulutsira madzi, mapaipi opondereza, malo opangira magetsi, ma turbine, ma jenereta, ndi zida zina. Nyumba zambiri zosungira madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madamu ndi malo opangira magetsi apakatikati mpaka aatali, pomwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipata nthawi zambiri amakhala malo opangira magetsi amadzi otsika. Pamene malo opangira madzi si okwera ndipo ngalande ya mtsinje ndi yayikulu, malo opangira magetsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la malo opangira madzi. Mtundu uwu wa malo opangira magetsi amadzi umadziwikanso kuti malo opangira magetsi amadzi okhala ndi mtsinje kapena malo opangira magetsi amadzi.
Malo opangira magetsi a mtundu wa damu amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kutengera malo omwe ali pakati pa damu ndi malo opangira magetsi amadzi: damu kumbuyo kwa mtundu ndi mtundu wa mtsinje. Malo opangira magetsi a malo opangira magetsi a mtundu wa damu ali kumbali ya pansi pa dziwe ndipo amapanga magetsi powasandutsa madzi kudzera m'mapaipi opanikizika. Malo opangira magetsi okha sanyamula mphamvu ya madzi yakumtunda. Malo opangira magetsi, damu, njira yotulutsira madzi ndi nyumba zina za malo opangira magetsi amadzi onse amamangidwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje ndipo ndi gawo la kapangidwe kosungira madzi, komwe kumanyamula mphamvu ya madzi yakumtunda. Makonzedwe awa ndi othandiza kusunga ndalama zonse zomwe polojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito.

Damu la malo opangira magetsi amadzi a mtundu wa damu nthawi zambiri limakhala lalikulu. Choyamba, limagwiritsa ntchito mutu wamadzi ambiri kuti liwonjezere mphamvu yoyikidwa ya malo opangira magetsi, zomwe zimatha kusintha bwino zofunikira pakumeta kwa magetsi; Kachiwiri, pali malo ambiri osungira madzi omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi m'mitsinje; Kachitatu, ubwino wonse ndi waukulu kwambiri. Choyipa chake ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi m'dera la dziwe komanso kuvutika kusamutsa ndi kukhazikikanso anthu okhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi. Chifukwa chake, malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtunduwu okhala ndi madamu akuluakulu ndi malo osungira madzi nthawi zambiri amamangidwa m'malo okhala ndi mapiri ataliatali, maphompho, madzi ambiri olowa, komanso madzi ochepa.
Malo opangira magetsi amadzi akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi omwe amangidwa makamaka ku China, ndipo Damu la Three Gorges lili pamalo oyamba ndi mphamvu zonse zokwana ma kilowatts 22.5 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zake zazikulu zopangira magetsi, Damu la Three Gorges lilinso ndi zabwino zambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akusefukira, kukonza kayendedwe ka madzi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'malo apakati ndi otsika a Mtsinje wa Yangtze, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale "chuma cha dziko".
Kuyambira Msonkhano Wadziko Lonse wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha China wa 19, China yamanga malo ambiri odziwika padziko lonse lapansi opangira magetsi. Pa June 28, 2021, gulu loyamba la mayunitsi ku Baihetan Hydropower Station linayamba kugwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa ya ma kilowatts 16 miliyoni; Pa June 29, 2020, gulu loyamba la mayunitsi a Wudongde Hydropower Station linayamba kugwira ntchito popanga magetsi, ndi mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa ya ma kilowatts 10.2 miliyoni. Malo awiri opangira magetsi amadzi, pamodzi ndi malo opangira magetsi amadzi a Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges, ndi Gezhouba, amapanga malo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi opangira magetsi oyera, okhala ndi mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa ya ma kilowatts 71.695 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 20% ya mphamvu yonse yamagetsi amadzi omwe adayikidwa ku China. Amapereka chotchinga chodalirika cha chitetezo choletsa kusefukira kwa madzi, chitetezo cha zombo, chitetezo cha chilengedwe, chitetezo cha madzi, ndi chitetezo cha mphamvu mu Mtsinje wa Yangtze.
Lipoti la Msonkhano Wadziko Lonse wa 20 wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha China linapereka lingaliro lolimbikitsa mwachangu komanso mosalekeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa komanso kusalowererapo kwa mpweya woipa. Kukonza ndi kumanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kudzabweretsa mwayi watsopano wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi adzakhalanso "mwala wapangodya" pakusintha mphamvu ndi chitukuko chapamwamba.